The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Ruddha
Ruddha [pp. of rundhati] 1. obstructed, disturbed D!vs 4, 46. -- 2. at J v.425 & 431 in cpd. su -- ruddha it
stands for rudda (q. v.). -- Cp. upa˚, ni˚, pa&i˚ pa&ivi˚, vi˚.
Rudhira
Rudhira (nt.) [late Vedic rudhira. Etym. connected with Lat. ruber red; Gr. e) ruqro/s red; Oicel. rodra
blood, Goth. raups=Ger. rot=E. red] blood DhA i.140; PvA 34 (for lohita; v. l. ruhira). See the more freq.
words rohita & lohita; a form ruhira (q. v.) occurs e. g. at Pv i.91.
Rundhati
Rundhati [rundh or rudh, both roots in Vedic Sk. -- Dhtp (375, 425) expls by "!vara*e"; id. Dhtm (608,
662).] 1. to restrain, hinder, prevent, obstruct, keep out Cp. iii.107; Miln 313 (+upa˚). -- 2. to conceal, hide,
cover up Th 2, 238 (ppr. rundhanto); PvA 88 (ppr. rundham!na). -- 3. in phrase nagara' r. to surround or
besiege a town J i.409 (aor. rundhi); iii.159 (˚itv!); iv.230 (˚i'su). -- Pass rujjhati; pp. ruddha & r()ha.
See also upa˚, pa&i˚ pa&iv!, vi˚, Note. The roots rudh & rundh are also found in Prk. (see Pischel § 507);
besides we have a by -- form rubh in Prk. as well as in P!li: see Pischel, § 266, 507, and P. rumbhati.
Ruppa
Ruppa in ruppa -- r(paka' (nt.) Th 2, 394 is not clear. It refers to something which is not r(pa, yet pretends
to be r(pa, i. e. a sham performance or show. Thus ruppa may correspond to *r(pya & with r(paka mean
"having the form (i. e. the appearance) of form, i. e. substantiality. " The Cy. (ThA 259) interprets as
"r(piya -- r(pasadisa' s!ra' s!ra' upa&&hahanta' as!ran ti attho"; and Mrs. Rh. D. (Sisters, p. 154) trsls:
"deluded by puppet shows (seen in the midst of the crowd)."
Ruppati
Ruppati [rup=lup, one of the rare cases of P. r. representing a Sk. 1., whereas the opposite is frequent. The
same sound change Idg., as Lat. rumpo to break corresponds to Sk. lumpati. Besides we find the Sk. form
ropayati to break off. -- The root has nothing to do with r(pa, although the P. Commentators combine these
two. -- Cp. also Sk. ropa hole; Ags. r/ofan to break, r/af (theft)= Ger. raub, rauben, and many other
cognates (see Walde s. v. rumpo). -- The root rup is defd at Dhtm by n!s, i. e. to destroy; another rup is
given at Dhtm 837 in meaning "ropana"] to be vexed, oppressed, hurt, molested (always with ref. to an
illness or pain) Sn 767 (salla -- viddho va r.) 1121; Nd1 5 (=kuppati, gha&&iyati, p")iyati); Nd2 543
(=kuppati p")ayati gha&ayati). -- ppr. gen. ruppato S i.198 (salla -- viddhassa r.; expld at K.S. 320 by
"gha&&an -- atthena")= Sn 331 (reads salla -- viddh!na ruppata', i. e. pl. instead of sg.); Th 1, 967 (salla --
viddhassa ruppato (C. sar"ravik!ra' !pajjato, Brethren, 338); J ii.437 (C. gha&&iyam!na p")iyam!na)=Vism
49 (dukkhitassa r.); J iii.169 (salla -- viddhassa r.=gha&&iyam!na C.). -- ruppati to P!li exegesis with its
fondness of allegorical ("orthodox") interpretation, is the etym. base of r(pa, thus at S iii.86: "ruppat" ti
tasm! r(pan ti vuccati kena r.? s"tena, u*hena etc. (all kinds of material dukkha: dukkha ii.3b) ruppati." --
Or at Sn 1121 (ruppanti r(pena), & at other passages given under r(pa (A). See also ruppana.
Ruppana
Ruppana (nt.) [fr. rup) molestation, vexation, trouble J iii.368 (=gha&&ana d(sana kuppana C.). Frequent in
allegorical exegesis of r(pa, e. g. at DhsA 52 (naman' a&&hena n!ma' ruppan' a&&hena r(pa'), 303 (r(p' !d"hi
ruppana -- bh!va -- d"pana); VbhA 4 (ruppan' a&&hena r(pa' in expln of passage S iii.86 (mentioned under
ruppati); KhA 78, 79 (ruppan' a&&hena . . . r(pa' r(pa' ti vuccati).
Rumbhati