The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

i.217; and the foll. with an intermediate "rank" (something like "royalty," "the royal household") between
the king and the brahmins: r!j! r!japutt! br!hma*! gahapatik! negama -- j!napad! A ii.74 sq.; r!j!no r!ja --
mah!matt! khattiy! br., gah., titthiy! D iii.44 (trsln Dialogues too weak "r!jas & their officials"); r!j!
r!jabhogga br., gah. Vin iii.221. -- 4. Var. aspects illustrating the position of the king in relation to other
prominent groups of the court or populace: (a) r!j! & khattiya. All kings were khattiyas. The kh. is a noble
kat)e)coxh/n (cp. Gr. h(gemw/n) as seen fr. defn j!ti -- khattiya at SnA 453 and var. contexts. Already in
the Rig Veda the k+atriya is a person belonging to a royal family (RV x.109, 3), and r!janya is an Ep. of
k+atriya (see Zimmer, Altindisches Leben 213). -- r!j! khattiyo muddhâvassito "a crowned king" D i.69;
iii.61 sq.; Vin iv.160; A i.106 sq.; ii.207 (contrasted with br!hma*a mah!s!la); iii.299 (if lazy, he is not
liked by the people); M iii.172 sq. (how he becomes a cakkavatti through the appearance of the cakka --
ratana). -- Without muddhâvasitta: r!j!no khattiy! Dh 294=Nett 165. Cp. khattiy! bhoja -- r!j!no the
khattiyas, the (noble or lesser?) kings (as followers of the cakkavatti) Sn 553 (see bhoja). At J vi.515.
r!j!no corresponds directly to khattiy! on p. 517 (sa&&hisahassa˚); cp. expression khattiya -- kula J i.217 as
equivalent to r!ja -- kula. (b) r!j! & mah!matta. The latter occupies the position of "Premier," but is a rank
equal to the king, hence often called r!j! himself: Vin iii.47 where styled "akkhadassa mah!matta."
Otherwise he is always termed r!ja -- mah!matta "royal minister," or "H.R.H. the Premier," e. g. Vin i.172;
A i.279; Vin i.228 (also as Magadha -- mah!matta), and called himself a khattiya D iii.44. -- (c) r!j! &
cora. A prominent figure in the affairs of State is the "robber -- chief" (mah! -- cora). The contrast -- pair
raj!no (so always pl.) & cora is very frequent, and in this connection we have to think of r!j!no as either
smaller kings, knights or royals (royalists), i. e. officers of the kings or "the king's Guards." Thus at J iii.34
the C. expln as r!ja -- puris!. It is here used as a term of warning or frightening "get up, robber, so that the
kings (alias 2 policeman 3) won't catch you": u&&hehi cora m! ta' gahesu' r!j!no. Other passages are e. g.: D
i.7 (r!ja -- kath! & corakath!)=Vin i.188; M iii.163 (r!j!no cora' !guc!ri' gahetv!); A i.68, 154; It 89 (r!j'
âbhin"ta+cor˚); & in sequence r!j!no cor! dhutt! (as being dangerous to the bhikkhus) at Vin i.150, 161. --
5. On the question of kingship in Ancient India see Zimmer, Altind. Leben pp. 162 -- 175, 212 sq.;
Macdonell & Keith, Vedic Index ii.210 sq.; Fick, Soc. Gl. 63 -- 90; Foy, Die Königl. Gewalt nach den
altind. Rechtsbüchern (Leipzig 1895); Rh. Davids, Buddhist India pp. 1 -- 16; Hopkins, E. W., The social
and military position of the ruling caste in A. I. in J.A.O.S. 13, 179 sq.; Banerjea, Public Administration in
A. I. 1916, pp. 63 -- 93. -- 6. Kings mentioned by name [a very limited & casual list only, for detailed refs.
see Dict'y of Names]: Aj!tasattu; Udena (DhA i.185); Okk!ka; D"gh" (of Kosala; Vin i.342); Parantapa (of
Kosamb"; DhA i.164;) Pasenadi (of Kosala; D i.87, 103; Vin iv.112, 157); Bimbis!ra (of Magadha; Vin
iv.116 sq.; Sn 419); Bhaddiya; etc. -- 7. (fig.) king as sign of distinction ("princeps"), as the lion is called
r!j! mig!na' Sn 72; Vism 650; the Himavant is pabbata -- r!j! A i.152; iii.44; and Gotama's horse
Ka*thaka is called assa -- r!j! J i.62=VvA 314. -- Note. The compn form of r!j! is r!ja˚. -- âg!ra a king's
(garden -- or pleasure -- ) house D i.7 (˚ka); DA i.42. -- anga royal mark, characteristic or qualification;
king's property Vin i.219 (r!janga' hatth": the elephants belong to the king), cp. A i.244: ass!j!niyo rañño
angan t' eva sankha' gacchati is called king's property. -- angana royal court PvA 74. -- !*atti king's
permission Tikp 26 (in simile). -- !*! (1) the king's command J iii.180; cp. PvA 217 "rañño !*!"; (2) the
king's fine or punishment, i. e. a punishment inflicted by the king (cp. Fick, Soc. Gl. 74), synonymous with
r!ja -- da*.a: J i.369, 433 (r!j!*a' karoti to inflict); ii.197; iii.18, 232, 351; iv.42; vi.18; PvA 242. --
ânubh!va king's power, majesty, authority, pomp J iv.247; PvA 279. -- antepura the royal harem A v.81, 82
(the 10 risks which a bhikkhu is running when visiting it for alms). -- âbhin"ta brought by a king It 89
(+corâbhin"ta). -- âbhir!j! "king of kings" Sn 553; DhsA 20. -- âmacca royal minister J v.444 (˚majjhe). --
!yatana N. of a tree: "Kingstead tree," the royal tree (as residence of a king of fairies), Buchanania latifolia
Vin i.3 sq. (where MVastu iii.303 reads k+"rik!, i. e. milk -- giving tree); J i.80; iv.361 sq.; DhsA 35; VbhA
433 (˚cetiya). -- iddhi royal power PvA 279. -- isi a royal seer, a king who gives up his throne & becomes
an ascetic (cp. Sk. r!jar+i, freq. in Mhbh!rata & R!m! yana) Th 1, 1127 (read r!ja -- d -- isi); It 21
(r!j"sayo, with var vv. ll. not quite the same meaning); J vi.116, 124, 127, 518; DhA iv.29. Kern, Toev. s. v.
proposes reading r!j"si. -- upa&&h!na attendance on the king, royal audience Vin i.269; J i.269, 349; iii.119,
299; iv.63. -- ûpabhoga fit for use by the king Miln 252. -- uyy!na royal garden or pleasure ground J
iii.143; Mhvs 15, 2. -- orodh! a lady from the king's harem, a royal concubine Vin iv.261. -- kakudha --
bha*.a an ensign of royalty (5: khagga, chatta, u*h"sa, p!duk!, v!lav"jan") DhA i.356. See under kakudha. -
- kath! talk about kings (as tiracch!nakath! in disgrace), combd with corakath! (see above 4 c) D i.7; iii.36,
54; Vin i.188. -- kammika a royal official, one employed by the king J i.439; iv.169. -- ku&umba the king's
property J i.439. -- ku*.a a "crook of a king" DhA iii.56. -- kum!ra a (royal) prince (cp. khattiya -- kum!ra)
Vin i.269; J iii.122; VbhA 196 (in comparison). -- kumbhak!ra a "royal potter," i. e. a potter being