The 12th International Conference on Environmental ... - Events
The 12th International Conference on Environmental ... - Events
The 12th International Conference on Environmental ... - Events
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Abstracts Sessi<strong>on</strong> 22<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> powder type organic scintillator was mixed with the optically transparent epoxy resin until the powder was completely wet<br />
and uniformly distributed throughout the liquid. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> mixture was then poured into a polyethylene mold and cure into a bulk type.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> used organic scintillator was 2,5-diphenyloxazde (PPO) as a first solute and 1,4-bis[5-phenyl-2-oxazol]benzene (POPOP) as a<br />
sec<strong>on</strong>d solute which was a wave shifter. Also, the inorganic scintillator ZnS(Ag) was used for measuring the alpha particles. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
powder type ZnS(Ag) was mixed with the epoxy resin, and then solidified.<br />
For remote measurement the optical fiber was used. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> scintillati<strong>on</strong> light produced by interacti<strong>on</strong> with the radiati<strong>on</strong> and scintillator<br />
was transmitted through an optical fiber to the phot<strong>on</strong> counter that is placed in the high-level radiati<strong>on</strong> area outside. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
optical fiber was inserted into the radiati<strong>on</strong> sensor before solidificati<strong>on</strong> of the epoxy resin, and then solidified. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> remote radiati<strong>on</strong><br />
sensor was the <strong>on</strong>e-body type with the scintillati<strong>on</strong> detector and the optical fiber. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> ability of the radiati<strong>on</strong> detecti<strong>on</strong> and the<br />
signal transmissi<strong>on</strong> were tested.<br />
I) ALGORITHMISATION OF DISMANTLING TECHNIQUES IN<br />
STANDARDISED DECOMMISSIONING COSTING - 16201<br />
Peter Bezak, DECOM, a.s. (Slovakia); Vladimír Daniaka,Dec<strong>on</strong>ta, a.s.(Slovakia);<br />
Ivan Rehak, Decom, a.s. (Slovakia); Vladimir Necas, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava(Slovakia)<br />
Recently developed computer code OMEGA for evaluati<strong>on</strong> and optimisati<strong>on</strong> of decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing opti<strong>on</strong>s implements the standardised<br />
cost structure (IAEA, OECD/NEA, EC, 1999) as the universal structure [PSL] for calculati<strong>on</strong> and optimisati<strong>on</strong> of decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing<br />
scenarios. One of the groups of decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing activities is the dismantling of systems and structures. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>se activities<br />
variously depend <strong>on</strong> the complexity of dismantled systems, e.g. reactors, equipment of the primary systems or standard comp<strong>on</strong>ents<br />
like pipes, valves, motors, tanks etc. Type and extent of decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing activities depends also <strong>on</strong> local c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s for<br />
dismantling like dose rate, decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing equipment category, local working c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s, etc. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>se factors determine the selecti<strong>on</strong><br />
of techniques for dismantling, depending <strong>on</strong> material and radiological status of the equipment (type of technique and their manual<br />
or remote applicati<strong>on</strong>). This approach enables proper planning and performing of individual decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing phases.<br />
J) THERMAL CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES - 16297<br />
Harald Bienia, NUKEM Technologies GmbH (Germany)<br />
Remote disassembly of radiologically burdened large comp<strong>on</strong>ents is am<strong>on</strong>g the most sophisticated and complex activities in<br />
the dismantling of nuclear installati<strong>on</strong>s. High local dose rates and c<strong>on</strong>taminati<strong>on</strong> levels, combined with complicated designs and<br />
geometries of the object to be dismantled, plus insufficient accessibility, imply major challenges in the dismantling of nuclear facilities.<br />
Usually the shielding effect of water is used during the dismantling period. Other dismantling activities require dry ambiences.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> required space for the technical equipment during the dismantling operati<strong>on</strong>s, especially for the removal of larger comp<strong>on</strong>ents<br />
(e.g. reactor pressure vessel, heat exchanger, etc.) is often an additi<strong>on</strong>al problem. C<strong>on</strong>venti<strong>on</strong>al cutting technologies like sawing<br />
with a disk saw or band saw require large and heavy frameworks as well as guiding systems with high rigidity. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>se soluti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
are expensive and sometimes not applicable.<br />
Additi<strong>on</strong>ally these technical questi<strong>on</strong>s, the estimated costs of the used dismantling technologies are important for choosing the<br />
best cutting technology. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> three cutting technologies Autogenous Flame Cutting, Plasma Arc Cutting and C<strong>on</strong>tact Arc Metal Cutting<br />
are proven tools for dismantling tasks and will be introduced.<br />
K) INVOLVEMENT OF ANDRAD IN ENDORSEMENT OF DECOMMISSIONING<br />
DOCUMENTATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN ROMANIA - 16315<br />
Marin Dinca, Nati<strong>on</strong>al Agency for Radioactive Waste (Romania)<br />
Nati<strong>on</strong>al Agency for Radioactive Waste ANDRAD is in Romania, by law, the competent authority for the disposal administrati<strong>on</strong><br />
of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste and for the coordinati<strong>on</strong> of the predisposal management of spent nuclear fuel and<br />
radioactive waste, inclusive decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing of nuclear facilities.<br />
Government Ordinance (GO) No. 11/January 30, 2003 and Government Decisi<strong>on</strong> (GD) No. 1601/December 23, 2003 established<br />
the ANDRAD’s foundati<strong>on</strong> and organizati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
In accordance with GO No. 11/2003, republished, <strong>on</strong> the safe management of the radioactive waste, ANDRAD has the resp<strong>on</strong>sibility<br />
to endorse the decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing documentati<strong>on</strong> issued by the main radioactive waste generators (nuclear installati<strong>on</strong>s and<br />
other major radiological installati<strong>on</strong>s: radioactive waste treatment plants, radioactive waste storage facilities, post irradiati<strong>on</strong> examinati<strong>on</strong><br />
laboratories, centres for radioisotopes producti<strong>on</strong> etc.).<br />
ANDRAD receives for endorsement some of the documentati<strong>on</strong> for decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing that is provided by enforced norms for<br />
each type of nuclear facility.<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>re are presented the nuclear facilities that must have decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing documentati<strong>on</strong> endorsed by ANDRAD, the type of<br />
documents submitted by license holder to ANDRAD and the procedure of endorsement in relati<strong>on</strong> with the regulatory body<br />
(CNCAN) approval of the decommissi<strong>on</strong>ing documents.<br />
L) VISUALIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE SOURCES WITHOUT<br />
GAMMA-RADIATION WITH UV IMAGING SYSTEMS - 16145<br />
Oleg Ivanov, Alexey Danilovich, Vyacheslav Stepanov, SergeySmirnov, RRC Kurchatov Institute (Russia);<br />
Anatoly Volkovich, Russian Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, (Russia)<br />
New UV cameras are suitable for imaging of α-c<strong>on</strong>taminati<strong>on</strong> by fluorescence of atmospheric air the near ultraviolet (wavelength<br />
– 280 – 390 nm) regi<strong>on</strong>.<str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir parameters are: FOV for detecting in UV spectral regi<strong>on</strong> is 8” x 6”. <str<strong>on</strong>g>The</str<strong>on</strong>g> optical FOV is about<br />
48” x 36” . DayCor SUPERB UV camera has sensitivity 3x10-18 W/cm2 enables detecti<strong>on</strong> and displaying cor<strong>on</strong>a emissi<strong>on</strong> as weak<br />
as 1.5 pC at distance 8 m, and capture moving targets without smearing the output image. Instruments sensitivity for alpha c<strong>on</strong>taminati<strong>on</strong><br />
registrati<strong>on</strong> in terms of minimum measurable activities (MMA) have been estimated as, 40 – 100 Bq/cm2 (measurement<br />
time is 3600 – 600 sec corresp<strong>on</strong>dently).<br />
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