The 12th International Conference on Environmental ... - Events

Abstracts Session 55
It is found that the basis for the differentiation among the facility operators and owners should be the cost and the associated
uncertainty. Thus, cost calculation will have to be carried out by all. It should be based on available standards and guidance documents.
It is found that this is a requirement that already exists elsewhere in the legislation, and thus no additional burden is imposed
on the companies.
2) MARSAME: MULTI-AGENCY RADIATION SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT
OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT - 16181
Kathryn Snead, Nidal Azzam, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USA);
Colleen F. Petullo, U.S. Public Health Service (USA); Ramachandra Bhat, Craig Bias, U.S. Air Force (USA);
David P. Alberth, Gerald Falo, U.S. Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground (USA);
Steven Doremus, U.S. Navy, Yorktown (USA);
W. Alexander Williams, Amanda Anderson, U.S. Department of Energy (USA);
Robert A. Meck, George E. Powers, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USA)
<strong>The</strong> MARSAME manual is a technical resource that describes processes and methods for the measurement of radionuclides in or
on materials and equipment. <strong>The</strong>se methods and processes are used to make the decision that a radionuclide is present and, if so, how
to quantify the amount and its uncertainty. <strong>The</strong>y are also used to make the decision that no radionuclide more than background is present.
<strong>The</strong> MARSAME manual is technically defensible, and endorsed by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Energy,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. <strong>The</strong> MARSAME manual was published
in January 2009, and is available for download from the following website: http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/marssim/marsame.html.
<strong>The</strong> MARSAME manual is a supplement to the MARSSIM manual, and closely follows the concepts and processes developed
therein. <strong>The</strong> MARSSIM manual describes processes and methods for the measurement of radionuclides on the surfaces of buildings
and soils.
3) DETERMINATION OF THE RADIONUCLIDE INVENTORY OF SAMPLES
FROM A SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE - 16225
Dorothea Schumann, Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland)
<strong>The</strong> Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (Switzerland) operates the most powerful spallation neutron source (SINQ) in
Europe and also world-wide. A 590-MeV-ringcyclotron accelerates protons with a beam current of 2 mA which hit a solid lead target.
An upgrate of the accelerator complex to 3.5 mA is foreseen in the near future.
In such huge accelerator facilities, the safe operation as well as the handling of the nuclear waste in the case of dismantling,
decommissioning and/or disposal of activated components requires reliable data on the radionuclide inventory.
<strong>The</strong> spallation neutron source SINQ represents in this context a special issue, because the lead target serves in principle as a
big “beam dump”, which means that the beam particles are completely stopped and the entire energy deposit has to be expected in
the target body and the surrounding environment. Accurate determination of the activation in this area is therefore of essential
importance.
We report here on the radiochemical analysis of three componential parts of the SINQ target setup and environment. <strong>The</strong> materials
are zircaloy, stainless steel and AlMg3 . 20 radionuclides were determined by gamma-spectrometry, Liquid Scintillation Counting
(LSC) technique as well as Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Some of these isotopes can only be measured after a complex
chemical separation procedure. <strong>The</strong> results are compared with the declaration limits and the activity limits for decommissioning.
It is shown that all determined radionuclides have to be declared, but no problems have to be expected for decommissioning
and disposal.
4) MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL BEHAVIOR DURING DISMANTLING
AND REFLECTION TO THE EXPOSURE DOSE EVALUATION - 16107
Yukihiro Iguchi, Masami Kato, Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (Japan)
Radioactive aerosol disperses slightly via contamination prevention systems such as control enclosures and filters when the
nuclear installation is dismantled, and it might impact the environment. <strong>The</strong>refore, when decommissioning is planned, it is necessary
to assess the safety such as exposure dose evaluation to the public. For the radioactive aerosol, it is possible that the dispersion
ratio is different according to the contamination condition, the dismantlement method of the material, nuclides (elements), etc.
<strong>The</strong> radiation exposure evaluation for the decommissioning plan has been executed by operators in Japan based on a number
of experiments (mostly cold tests) and overseas results.
<strong>The</strong> decommissioning is now being carried out at the Tokai Power Station (GCR) and Fugen Decommissioning Engineering
Center in Japan. In this study, the results data is acquired at the decommissioning sites, and the methodology and data for the exposure
dose evaluation are verified and confirmed. <strong>The</strong>se examination results will lead to the upgrading and improvement of the exposure
evaluation methodology.
5) IAEA DECOMMISSIONING SAFETY ACTIVITIES - 16397
Vladan Ljubenov, Ernst Warnecke, Mark Hannan, <strong>International</strong> Atomic Energy Agency (Austria)
This paper presents a summary of the recent, ongoing and planned safety related IAEA activities on planning, implementation
and termination of decommissioning. Work related to the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the
Safety of Radioactive Waste Managementand to the development of the international safety standards for decommissioning of facilities
using radioactive materials is described. <strong>The</strong> IAEA activities on the technical assistance to the Member States in the development
and review of decommissioning plans through national and international Technical Cooperation Programme projects and
through other projects (FaSa project, R2D2P Project, decommissioning of the Iraq former nuclear complex) are presented. Recently
established IAEA peer review services on decommissioning are addressed, as well as the international decommissioning forum.
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