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e/v/} xfdLn] @%%) cf} a'4 hoGtL dgfof} . …;Aa] ;+vf/f b'VvfltÚ of] hut\ g} b'Mv 5 af“Rg] . dWodf dgdf dg l6Sb}g / dWodf dg 

cfhsf] czfGt / lx+;fu|:t ljZjdf a'4sf] ;Gb]z eGg] a'4sf] cfo{;To xf] . of] ;+;f/ b'Mv :j¿k ljno x'G5 . To;sf/0f a'4n] dgaf6 kf/ hfgnfO{ 

cem ;fGble{s eP/ cfPsf] 5 . ljZjdf g]kfnsf 5 / ha;Dd xfdL sfdgf / t[i0ffaf6 d'Qm g} dWodfu{sf] af6f] b]vfPsf 5g\ . 

b'O6f d'Vo klxrfg 5g\, ;jf] {Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf 

/ ;jf] {Rr JolQm a'4sf] hGd:yn – n'lDagL . oL 

x“ 'b}gf} ta;Dd cg]sfg]s b'Mvhfndf kl//xg' 

k5{ . hLjgdf /f]u, zf]s, d[To'sf] b'Mv ;a}nfO{ a'4 hLjgsf] Ps af]wsyf 

b'j}k|ltsf] cfsif{0f ljZjdf lbgfg'lbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . x/]s k| ]dn] lj5f]8 em]Ng} k5{ . k|To]s ;Ddfgn] duw ;d|f6 lalDa;f/sf] ljjfx :ofnsf]6 

5 . hlt hlt dg'iotf ljsl;t / k|f}9 x' “b} hfG5 

Tolt Tolt g} a'4sf] …cKk lbKkf] ejÚ cyf{t\ 

s'g} g s'g} lbg ckdfg ef]Ug} k5{ . x/]s hon] 

k/fho klg Joxf]g' k5{ . 

-xfn kfls:tfg_sL /fhs'df/L Ifdf;“u ePsf] 

lyof] . Ifdf clgUw ;'Gb/L lyOg\ . To; If]qsf 

cfºgf] k|sfz cfkm} ag eGg] pkb]z ;fGble{s x' “b} a'4sf] ;dodf sd{sf08Lo a|fx\d0fjfb cfºgf] o'jtLx¿ cToGt ;'Gb/L x'G5g\ / To;df klg 

cfp“5 . 

;a} l;4 / a'4x¿df s]xL ljlzi6tf cjZo 

lzv/df lyof] . b]ptfnfO{ l/emfPdf ;a} sfo{x¿ 

l;4 x'G5g\ / b]ptf l/;fP eg] ;j{gfz eGg] wf/0ff 

Ifdf clåtLo lyOg\ . cfºgf] ¿ksf] pgnfO{ clt 

3dG8 lyof] . pgsf] To:tf] ;f}Gbo{df lalDa;f/ 

g} x'G5, t/ logLx¿df klg a'4 clåtLo 5g\ . JofKt lyof] . b]ptf l/emfpg cg]s k"hfkf7, o1, klg dGqd'Uw lyP . /fhf lalDa;f/sf] a'4k|lt 

a'4n] eg], …;Aa] ;+vf/f clgRrlt .Ú cyf{t\ o; 

hut\df s'g} lrh klg l:y/ 5}g, ;a} s'/f 

xjg ;fy} kz'b]lv dg'io;Ddsf] aln rNYof] . 

a'4eGbf w]/} kl5 ePsf lh;; / df]xDdbn] klg 

ulx/f] >4f lyof] . a'4 /fhu[xL hf“bf /fhkl/jf/sf 

;a} ;b:ox¿ a'4sf] bz{g ug{ cfp“y], t/ If]df 

kl/jt{gzLn 5 . ;DaGw, dfg ;Ddfg, wg, …clGtd km};nf of sofdtsf] lbgdf d O{Zj/sf] cfºgf] ¿ksf] cx+sf/n] ubf{ slxNo} a'4sf] bz{g 

:jf:Yo / hLjg :jod\ klg . To;sf/0f oxf“ 

s'g} lrh;“u df]x ug' b'Mv hGdfpg' xf] . clgTosf] 

cufl8 pleO{ cfkmgf eQmx¿nfO{ 5'66\ofO{ :ju{sf] 

;fd|fHodf lr/sfn;Dd /fVg]5' . k/d lktf k/d]Zj/ 

ug{ uOgg\ . 

Psk6s tyfut /fhu[xLsf] j]g'jgdf ljxf/ 

of] l;4fGtnfO{ xfdLn] cfTd;ft ug{ ;Sof} eg] / pgsf] Psdfq k'qdf ljZjf; gug]{x¿ ub} lyP . /fgL Ifdf j]g'jgdf 3'Dg cfPsL lyOg\ . 

df]x, lrGtfaf6 d'lQm ldN5 g} . zflGtsf] dfu{ 

klg v'N5 . oxL clgTotfdf cfwfl/t 

cgGtsfnsf] nflu gs{ hfg]5g\Ú egL 

hg;fwf/0fnfO{ t;f{Psf] kfOG5 . Tof] kl/k| ]Iodf 

lalDa;f/n] tyfutsf] bz{g gu/L ToxfFaf6 gkmls{g' 

eGg] /fgLnfO{ cfb]z k7fP . a'4sf] glhs hfg 

eP/ a'4n] k/dfTdf / O{Zj/sf] a'4sf] …s'g} b]jL b]ptfn] ltd|f] xflg jf nfe dg gnfuL gnfuL pgL a'4 ;dLk k'lug\ . eujfg\n] 

dfGotfnfO{ klg OGsf/ u/] . 

lsgeg] ;a} lrh clgTo 5 

ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . ltd|f cfºg} sd{n] ;'v / b'Mv 

lbg ;S5g\ . ctf lx ctfgf] gfy, ctf lx 

IfdfnfO{ lglj{sf/ b[li6n] x]/] . IfdfnfO{ af]w eof], 

cfºgf] ¿ksf] eujfg\k|lt lsl~rt\ klg k|efj k/]g . 

eg] oxfF zfZjt k/dfTdf s;/L cftgf] ult ltdL g} cfºgf] efUo ljwftf xf} pgnfO{ To;af6 cem rf]6 k¥of] . pgL uj{ / 

x'g;S5 . To;sf/0f a'4n] 

cfTdfnfO{ klg c:jLsf/ u/], t/ 

/ ltdL g} cfºgf] cwf]ult of b'u{ltsf] sf/0f 

xf}Ú syg cToGt qmflGtsf/L 5 . 

l/;n] r'/ eO{ Toxf“af6 lxF8\g yflng\ . tyfut Tof] 

b]v]/ d':s'/fP . eujfg\n] of]uann] Ps cToGt 

a'4 k'gh{GdnfO{ dfG5g\ . a'4sf a'4sf] csf] dxŒjk"0f{ b]g xf] – dWodfu{sf] ;'Gb/L sGof pTkGg u/], h;n] eujfg\nfO{ k+vf 

cg';f/ OR5f / sfdgf ha;Dd 

/xG5, ta;Dd ToxL t[i0ffn] gof“– 

l;4fGt . g clt ef]u, g clt 

Tofu, clkt' ;Dos\ hLjg . ;d:t 

nufO/x]sL lyO{ . cfkm"eGbf klg cem ;'Gb/ :qL 

eujfg\sf] ;dLk ;]jfdf b]v]/ IfdfnfO{ cem c;x\o 

gof“ ¿k lnO{ k'gh{Gd u/fO/xG5 . 

b'Mvaf6 d'lQmsf] nflu ci6f+lus eof], t/ pgn] x]bf{x]b} Tof] b]jt'No ;'Gb/L k|f}9 eO{, 

ha ;a}k|sf/sf t[i0ff lt/f]lxt 

x'G5, lgjf{0fsf] l:ylt k|fKt x'G5 . 

dfu{sf] k|fjwfg . h;sf cg';f/ 

hLjgsf ;a} kIf ;Dos\ x'g' 

/f]uu|:t / c;'Gb/ eO{, ;'Gb/ bf“tx¿ em/], s]z 

;]tf eP, k"/f z/L/sf] 5fnf rfp/L k¥of] / 

cTofjZos 5 . ;Dos\ b[li6, j[4fj:yfsf] Tof] af]emn] pm ToxLF n8L / d/L . 

;Dos\ ;+sNk, ;Dos\ jf0fL, ;Dos\ tyfutn] z/L/ / ;f}Gbo{sf] gZj/tf IfdfnfO{ 

cfhLljsf, ;Dos\ sd{, ;Dos\ b]vfOlbP . Ifdf eon] sfDg yflng\ . pgnfO{ tTsfn 

Jofofd, ;Dos\ :d[lt / ;Dos\ hut\sf] lg:;f/tf / ¿ksf] If0fe+u'/tfsf] af]w 

;dflw . oxL ;Dos\ hLjg g} eof] . Ifdf eujfg\sf] r/0fdf nl8g\, Ifdf dflug\ 

d'lQmsf] dfu{ xf] . lsgeg] t[i0ff g} / bLIffsf] nflu k|fy{gf ul/g\ . eujfg\n] Ps zAb 

aGwg xf] / dgaf6 d'lQm g} lgjf{0f gaf]nL pgnfO{ ¿kfGtl/t u/] . Ifdf >f]tfkGg 

xf] . dgsf] :jefj xf] cltdf cfbz{ leIf'0fL eOg\ . 

osho@tapoban.com 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 11


12 

;]jfsf] gfos 

uf] +ua'df ;Ddfg yfKbf hgcfGbf]ngsf] a]nf h:tf] 

xtf/f] lyPg pgnfO{ . jl/kl/ :6« ]r/ af]Sg 

;xof]u ug{ ]x¿sf] pkl:ylt eP klg lg/+s'ztf 

9n]sf]df pgsf cfFvfdf ljhosf] /f}gs lyof] . 

hgcfGbf]ngtfsf 3fOt]x¿sf] pkrf/df 

nfu]sf a]nf pgLdfly ul/Psf] b'Jo{jxf/ pgs} 

nflu dfq xf]Og, g]kfnL hgtfsf] nflu klg 

nfhdbf{ ] eof] . cfºg} hgtfsf] pkrf/sf nflu 

;8sdf plqPsf 8f= a|fognfO{ /fHon] ;fFlRrs} 

b':dgsf] Jojxf/ u¥of], t/ nf]stGq cfPkl5 

g]kfn cfpg] pgsf] jfrf k"/f x'g w]/} ;do 

sfs8le§f laxfg %=)) ah] 

eb|k'/ laxfg %=!) ah] 

dw'dNnf laxfg %=@) ah] 

w/fg laxfg ^=)% ah] 

lj/f6gu/ laxfg %=$% ah] / ^ $% ah] 

/fhlj/fh laxfg ^=)) ah] 

l;/xf÷df8/ laxfg ^=!% ah] 

dnËjf laxfg ^=#% ah] 

hgsk'/ laxfg &=@) ah] 

uf}/ laxfg ^=%% ah] 

jL/u~h laxfg &=)%, !)=!% / !!=)) ah] 

l6kf]6 

dsfn' oftfoftsf] a; ;]jf 

snÍLaf6 5'6\g] M d'Vo sfof{no, kmf]g g+= $@&&%%@, $@*!(&@, $@*&#)^ 

sf7df8f} +af6 hfg] sf7df8f} +tkm{ cfpg] 

kf]v/f laxfg &=#) ah] 

jL/u~h /flq a]n'sL *=!% ah] 

sn}of laxfg !)=!% ah] 

e/tk'/ laxfg !!=$% / lbpF;f] !@=!% ah] 

lzjgu/ lbpF;f] !@=#) ah] 

6fF8L k;f{ lbpF;f] !=)) ah] 

6fF8L–vf]n]l;dn lbpF;f] !=$% ah] 

k;f{–slkof lbpF;f] @=@) ah] 

k;f{9fk–d]3f}nL lbpF;f] $=$% ah] 

uLtfgu/–hutk'/ lbpF;f] $=!% ah] 

j/yjf laxfg &=$) ah] 

sf7df8f} +df l6s6 kfOg] :yfgx¿ 

snÍL ;'Gwf/f uf}zfnf nugv]n 

@&#(!@÷@*!&)$ @%#!$@ $(#&%&÷$(&!#& %%@!^^^ 

kv{g' k/]g . 

nf]stGq cfO;s]kl5 lelqPsf oL cd]l/sL 

lrlsT;s a|fog san] ;do;Fu eg], …ca 

kfnf] ljsf;sf] xf] .Ú nf]stGqsf] cfGbf]ng 

pTsif{df k'u]sf a]nf tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] 

3fOt]x¿sf] …pkrf/ u/]sf] ck/fwÚ pgnfO{ 

b]z lgsfnf u/]sf] lyof] . cfºg} vr{df 

cfGbf]ngsf a]nf cfP/ pgn] 3fOt] ePsf 

;'/IffsdL{b]lv cfGbf]ngsf/LnfO{ ;d]t pkrf/ 

u/]sf lyP . 

a|fogdflysf] ;/sf/L d'v{tfn] klg 

cfGbf]ng ;zQm x'g d2t k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . 

pgsf] of]ubfgsf] ;Ddfg ub} { hgcfGbf]ngsf 

a]nf cu|Ld / uf}/jzfnL df]rf{ { If]q dflgPsf] 

;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;ldlt uf] +ua'n] 8f= a|fog 

sanfO{ ;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5 . 

hgcfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] ljgfos 

c:ktfn / ;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ ;d]t 

pQm cj;/df ;Ddfg ul/Fbf g]kfnL kf];fsdf 

:6]hdf b]lvPsf a|fog san] eg], …ca ;w} + 

o:t} zflGt b]Vg kfOof];\, a'4sf] b]z eg]/ 

g]kfnLn] uf}/j ug{ kfpg\ / ca d cfpFbf 

:6« ]r/ xf]Og, s'g} c:ktfn vf]Ng] nIo lnP/ 

cfpg kfOof];\ .Ú 

g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] :jtGqtfnfO{ dfof ug{ ] 

pgn] a'4sf] d"lt{nfO{ ;Ddfgfy{ p7fpFb} eGb} 

lyP, …ca n'5fr' F8Lsf] xf]Og, ul/a / lk5l8Psf 

7fpFdf nf]stGqsf] cg'e"lt u/fpg' k5{ .Ú 

nfdf] ;dob]lv ljz]ifu/L cfGbf]ngsf a]nf 

pkrf/sf] nflu sf7df8f} + cfP/ ;]jfdf nfUg 

?rfpg] pgn] cfkm"nfO{ lbPsf] ;]jfsf] sb/ 

ub{ } eg], …ca d]/f] nIo g]kfnsf] klZrdIf]qdf 

lrlsT;sx¿sf nflu cWoog s]Gb| vf]Ng] 

/x]sf] 5 .Ú :jf:Yosf] ks8 sd /x]sf] If]qdf 

uP/ cfkm"n] ;s]sf] ;]jf ug{ ] pgn] atfP . 

ä Hof]lt b]jsf]6f÷sf7df8f}+ 

cGo :yfgx¿ M sfFs8le§f / eb|k'/df d]rL ;+3sf] sfpG6/, w/fgdf a;kfs{ -)@%_@)#&@, lj/f6gu/af6 a;kfs{ glhs} -)@!_ #)&@&, O6x/Ldf klZrdrf]s, /fhlj/fhdf -)#!_ @))(, nfxfgdf -)##_ ^)#^^, l;/fxfdf 

-)##_ @)@##, l;/fxf÷df8/df -)##_ @)!#!, hgsk'/df efg'rf]s / /fdfgGb rf]s, dnËjfdf -)$^_ @))$@, jL/uGhdf -)%!_ @!%@^, x]6f}8fdf efg'rf]sdf -)%&_ @)%#%, gf/fo0fu9df k'Nrf]s a;kfs{ -)%^_ @$@)* . 

ofq'x¿sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu uf}zfnf / ;'Gwf/faf6 lgMz'Ns ldlga; ;]jf pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . 

;do á h]7 !! @)^# 


sfs8le§faf6 laxfg %=)) ah] 

eb|k'/af6 laxfg $=%) ah] 

dw'dNnfaf6 laxfg $=%) ah] 

w/fgaf6 laxfg $=@) ah] 

O6x/Laf6 laxfg %=)), %=@), ^=#) / &=)) ah] 

lj/f6gu/af6 laxfg $=#) ah] 

/fhlj/fhaf6 laxfg %=#) ah] 

l;/xf÷df8/af6 laxfg %=!% ah] 

nxfgaf6 laxfg ^=!%, &=)), &=!% / (=)) ah] 

dnËjfaf6 laxfg %=!% ah] 

hgsk'/af6 laxfg *=!% ah] 

uf}/af6 laxfg %=#) ah] 

jL/u~haf6 laxfg (=)), !!=)) / !!=#) ah] 

…e|i6frf/cGtu{t 

sf/afxL x'G5Ú 

hgcfGbf]ng bafpg 

/fHosf]ifsf] r/d 

b ' ?kof] u 

ug] { x¿dfly 

;/sf/n] sfg'gL 

sf/afxL ug]{ 

dxfGofoflwjQmf 

o1d"lt{ aGhf8]n] 

atfPsf 5g\ . 

;do;Fu s'/f ub}{ 

pgn] eg], …/fHosf]if 

b'?kof]u ug]{dfly e|i6frf/ cGtu{t sf/afxL 

x'G5 .Ú 

t/ To;sf nflu ;/sf/åf/f ul7t 

pRr:t/Lo Goflos cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf] 

k|tLIff ul/g] pgn] atfP . …of] ljifo cfof]usf] 

sfo{If]qleq klg k5{ . xfdLn] cfof]usf] 

k|ltj]bg cfpFbf;Dd s'g'{ k5{ .Ú s[i0fh+u 

/fodfemLsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] cfof]un] sfd 

;'? u/]sf] b'O{ dlxgfleq cGo ljifosf 

cltl/Qm /fHosf]ifsf] b'?kof]usf dfldnfdf 

klg 7x/;lxt lg0f{o ;/sf/df k]; ug]{5 . 

e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f P]g, @)%( cg';f/ o; 

k|sf/sf b'?kof]u e|i6frf/hGo d'2fsf ¿kdf 

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] 

x]g{ ;Sg]5 . 

hgcfGbf]ng bafpg ;/sf/L ;DklQ 

b'?kof]u ug]{x¿dfly sf/afxL ul/g] s'/fdf 

z+sf gug{ klg dxfGofoflwjQmf aGhf8]n] 

;a}df cfu|x ub}{ eg], …;/sf/ hgtfsf] 

OR5feGbf aflx/ hfg ;Sb}g . To;}n] clxn] 

g} pgLx¿dfly sf/afxL x'Fb}g ls eg]/ z+sf 

ug'{ x'Fb}g .Ú ä 

jL/u~haf6 a]n'sf *=#) ah] 

sn}ofaf6 laxfg *=)) ah] 

e/tk'/af6 laxfg %=#) ah] 

k;f{af6 laxfg %=$% ah] 

vf]n]l;dnaf6 laxfg !)=#) ah] 

k;f{–slkofaf6laxfg ^=#) ah] 

d]3f}nLaf6 laxfg *=$% ah] 

hutk'/af6 laxfg *=!% ah] 

jL/uGh /flq laxfg ^=$% ah] 

gf/fo0fu9af6 laxfg ^=!%, ^=$%, &=)), &=$), *=)), 

*=!%, *=$% / lbpF;f] #=)) ah] 

kfj{tLk'/af6 lbpF;f] !@=)) ah]

;do 

l6kf]6 

k"j{ k//fi6«dGqLåf/f kmfOn g} ufoj 

ko{6g af]8{sf] tfnfaGbL tf]l8of] 

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{df b; lbg;Dd ePsf] 

tfnfaGbL :yug ePsf] 5 . af]8{sf 

sd{rf/Lx¿åf/f ul7t nf]stflGqs ko{6g 

;dfhåf/f ko{6g af]8{sf sfo{sf/L k|d'v 

6]saxfb'/ 8f“uLsf] /fhLgfdf dfu ub} { 

tfnfaGbL ul/Psf] lyof] . 

;dfh / af]8{aLr ePsf] ;xdltcg';f/ 

a'wjf/ lbp“;f]b]lv tfnfaGbL tf]l8Psf] xf] . 

8f“uLåf/f zfxL ;/sf/sf] ;dy{gdf lqmofsnfk u/]sf] cf/f]kdf 

sd{rf/Lx¿n] lj/f]w hf/L /fv]sf lyP . pgn] zfxL ;/sf/sf avt 

u/]sf lqmofsnfk 5fglag ug] { ;t{df tfnfaGbL lkmtf{ lng] ;xdlt 

ag]sf] xf] . ä 

zfxL ;/sf/sf k//fi6«dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]n] ljb]zL d'n'sx¿;Fu 

;DalGwt s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ kmfOn g} ufoj agfPsf 5g\ . dGqL 

ePsf ;dodf cWoogsf nflu eGb} dGqfnoaf6 3/df nluPsf 

tL kmfOn lkmtf{ gx' Fbf k//fi6« dfldnfsf sltko ljifodf ;/sf/nfO{ 

cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 . 

dGqfno ;|f]tsf cg';f/ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{;DaGwL b'O{ b]zsf 

;/sf/aLr ePsf kl5Nnf r/0fsf jftf{;Fu ;DalGwt kmfOnx¿ 

kf08]n] lkmtf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ eg] rLgnufotsf d'n's;Fu ;DalGwt 

kmfOn klg dGqfnodf 5}g . ;|f]tsf cg';f/ k//fi6« dfldnfsf 

s]xL kmfOn pgn] cfGbf]ngsf clGtd lbgdf lkmtf{ u/] klg s]xL 

kmfOn eg] pgs} 3/df ylGsPsf 5g\ . dGqfnodf pgn] nu]sf 

kmfOnsf] /]s8{ eg] /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj u/]/ ljb]z hfFbf jf ljb]zL k|lgltlwd08n 

e]6\bf dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;fydf /fv]/ e]6\g] ;fdfGo k/Dk/f 

nTofpFb} pgn] PSn} e]6\g] / cGTodf cfÎgf] cg's"n pQm e]6jftf{sf] 

ljZn]if0f ;+rf/dfWoddf Nofpg] ub}{ cfPsf lyP . o;n] g]kfnsf] 

5ljdfly wSsf nfUb} cfPsf] 5 . pgL dGqL ePsf a]nf ef/tLo 

ljb]z /fHodGqL /fj OGb|lht;Fu klg pgn] PSn} e]6]sf lyP, ha 

ls ef/tLo kIfdf kf“r;b:oLo 6f]nL ;fd]n lyof] . rLg e|d0f / 

cGo d'n'sx¿df klg pgn] oxL k/Dk/f sfod /fv]sf] dGqfno 

;|f]t atfpF5, h;sf sf/0f pgLx¿;Fu s] ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] 

hfgsf/Laf6 dGqfno alGrt 5 . 

xflb{s >4f~hnL 

J J 

hGdM 

@))( efb| 

:j= zflGt /fodfemL 

xfd|f ldq bLks /fodfemLsL k/d k'hgLo dftf 

zflGt /fodfemLsf] :juf{/f]x0f ePsfn] 

lbj+ut cfTdfsf] lr/zflGtsf] nflu >L kz'kltgfy;Fu 

k|fy{gf ub} { efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5f} + . 

ch{'g ah|frfo{ 

cg'h k|wfg 

ljBf;fu/ dfnL 

ljqmd dxh{g 

efOnfn dxh{g 

bLk]Gb| cfrfo{ 

xl/gf/fo0f dxh{g 

hog]kfn dxh{g 

lht]Gb| dxh{g 

:juf{/f]x0fM 

j}zfv !&, @)^# 

slj dxh{g 

ls/0f dxh{g 

g/]z hf]zL 

gjLg dxh{g 

k|df]b hf]zL 

/fh'dfg l;+x 

/d]z dxh{g 

;'dg jf:sf]6f 

Zofd k|hfklt 

;do á h]7 !! @)^# 13

14 

d'n's 

;Qfn] lgDTofof] lsrnf] 

hgdf]rf{aLr PsLs/0f ePkl5 ag]sf] hgdf]rf{ 

g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 aGg] 

;/sf/df ;fd]n x'g] lg0f{o u/] klg hgdf]rf{ 

pkfWoIf e§, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o tyf ;f+;b 

l8nf/fd cfrfo{ / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o uf]ljGbl;+x yfkfn] 

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t clxn]sf] a'h' {jf ;dfhdf 

sDo'lgi6 gLlt nfu" ug{ g;lsg] eGb} ;/sf/df 

;fd]n gx'g] wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs u/]sf lyP . 

s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf kbaf6 lgisflzt e§sf 

cg';f/ hgcfGbf]ngsf] ljhokl5 ag]sf] 

;/sf/n] /fhfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ zkyu|x0fb]lv 

lnP/ ljleGg gLlt agfpFb} uPsfn] olt a]nf 

hgdf]rf{ g]tf dgf]h e§ 

h'g sDo'lgi6 ;Qfdf uP klg ;j{xf/f hgtfsf] 

olt a]nf ;/sf/df ;fd]n eP/ sDo'lgi6 kIfdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . olt a]nf 

cjwf/0ffx¿ nfu" ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf gePsf sf/0f klg ;]gfsf] k|efj sfod} /x]sf] e§n] atfP . 

;/sf/df hfg' x' Fb}g eGg] ;fj{hlgs cleJolQm …olt a]nf kf6L{ hgcfGbf]ngaf6 cfPsf] ;/sf/nfO{ 

lbPkl5 lgnDagdf k/]sf hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf /rgfTds ;xof]u u/]/ k|ltkIfdf a:g' kg] { a]nf xf]Ú, 

pkfWoIfnufot g]tfx¿n] kf6L{sf] pQm lg0f{olj?4 e§n] eg], …;a} kf6L{x¿ ;Qfdf uPkl5 k|ltkIfdf 

sfo{stf{sf dfem hfg] tof/L u/]sf 5g\ . a;]/ hgtfsf] cfjfh p7fpg] kf6L{ g} gx'g] eof] .Ú 

…kf6L{n] s'g} :ki6Ls/0f g;f]wLsg k"j{ clds z]/rg cWoIf /x]sf] hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf 

hfgsf/Lljgf sf/afxL ul/Psf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ kf‘r pkfWoIfdWo] Ps e§ cGo s]xL g]tfx¿;lxt 

tNnf]:t/sf sfo{stf{x¿;dIf k'Ug] tof/L kbd'Qm ul/Pkl5 tNnf]:t/sf sfo{stf{df klg 

ul//x]sf 5f}+Ú, kbaf6 lgisflzt hgdf]rf{ ljefhgsf] /]vf sf]l/Psf] 5 . sfo{stf{x¿n] 

pkfWoIf dgf]h e§n] ;do;‘u eg], …kf6L{sf] kf6L{ lg0f{oaf/] kIf–ljkIfdf wf/0ff /fVg yfn]sf 

clwgfosjfb ;Rofpg tNnf] tx;Dd k'U5f} + .Ú 5g\ . 

lj;+ @)%( ;fndf ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ / /fli6«o ä ?b| v8\sf÷g]kfnuGh -t:jL/ klg_ 

;do á h]7 !! @)^# 

yfldPg c1ft /f]u 

g'jfsf]6 dbfgk'/ uflj;df b]vf k/]sf] 

c1ft /f]u 5 dlxgf laTbf klg klxrfg 

x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo zlQm dfWolds 

ljBfnosf] sIff % / ^ df cWoog/t 

ljBfyL{x¿df sfDg], n8La'8L ug] {, aa{/fpg] 

/ cgf}7f s'/f ug] { ;d:of b]lvPkl5 lzIfs 

/ cleefjsx¿ g} lrlGtt ag]sf 5g\ . 

clxn];Dd sfDg] /f]uLsf] ;+Vof 8]9 bh{g 

k'lu;s]sf] 5 . of] /f]u klxnf]kN6 d+l;/ 

!! ut] b]vf k/]sf] lyof] . …ljBfnodf k|foM 

sfDg] ljBfyL{x¿ 3/df ;d]t sfDg] / 

a9Ldf rf/ 3G6f;Dd pgLx¿sf] xf]; 

gv'Ngfn] xfdLnfO{ k9fO ;'rf? ug{ ;d:of 

k/]sf] 5Ú, k|wfgfWofks xL/f/fd kf08] 

eG5g\, …ljBfyL{x¿ sfDbf :ju] { eO;s]sf 

kl08t gf/fo0f kf]v| ]n vf]Hg]b]lv 3/3/df 

emfFqmLn] asfpFbf crDdnfUbf] s'/f;d]t 

u5{g\ .Ú ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu l;leS6 

g]kfn / dgf]qmflGt ;fws ;+3sf] ;xof]udf 

8fS6/L / of]u pkrf/ ubf{;d]t /f]usf] 

kQf nfu]sf] 5}g . 

8fS6/L pkrf/n] /f]u kQf gnfu]kl5 

ufpFn]x¿ lg/f; x' Fb} emfFqmL nufpg yfn] 

klg ;d:ofsf] lgbfg ePsf] 5}g . 

ä lji0f' tf?s]÷dbfgk'/, g'jfsf]6

;}n'g vf]n]/ b+u 

emfkf 3}nf8'AafsL nIdL 

>]i7 x“l;nL / v';L 

l5g\ . klxnf]k6s 

dlxnf l/S;frfns 

ag]sL k"mndfof 

/fhj+zLsf] k] |/0ffn] pgn] 

ufp“df ;fgf] ;}}n'g 

vf]n]sL l5g\ . pgsf] 

;}n'gdf ;w} + eL8ef8 

b]lvG5 . s'g} ;do dlxnfn] lhG; k]G6 / l6–;6{ nufP/ lxF8\bf 

crDd dfGg] ;dfhdf pgL dfq xf]Og, nueu b'O{ bh{g dlxnfn] 

skfn sf6\g] tflnd lnPsf 5g\– latf{df]8l:yt emfkf k|fljlws 

lzIffnoaf6 . 

tflndk|fKt ch' {gwf/f–$ sL laGbf e§/fO{ elG5g\, …;Lk l;s]/ 

:j/f]huf/ agL :jb]zd} sfd ug{ tflndn] k| ]l/t u/]sf] 5, d klg 

rfF8} ;}n'g vf]Ng] tof/Ldf 5' .Ú 

clxn] nIdLn] ;f]xL ;}n'gaf6 cfºgf] hLljsf rnfpFb} cfPsL 

5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg'kg] { ts{ /fVb} emfkf k|fljlws 

lzIffnosf ;+rfns e/t yklnof eG5g\, …xfdLn] u|fdL0f dlxnfnfO{ 

of] tflnd k|bfg u/]sf 5f+ }, tflndkl5 yk k|f]T;flxt u5f} + { .Ú emfkfsf] 

3}nf8'AAff, rGb|u9L, dxfef/f, ;tf;Lwfd, rf/kfg]nufot Ps bh{g 

uflj;sf dlxnfx¿n] of] tflnd lnPsf 5g\ . g]kfn ;fd'bflos 

ljsf; s]Gb| tyf ;xf/f g]kfnsf] ;xof]udf tflnd ePsf] xf] . 

ä dbg v/]n÷emfkf -t:jL/ klg_ 

d'n's 

;do á h]7 !! @)^# 15

16 

d'n's 

{ 

{ 

+ 

| { { 

{ 

+ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

+ 

{ 

k9\g} kfPgg\ 

gfgLx¿n] 

pd]/n] ^) gfl3;s]sf anlht jfbLsf] ca 

hLjgsf] Psdfq wf]sf] cfºgf 5f]/fgfltn] k9Ln]vL 

s]xL sfd u/]sf] x]g] xf] . cfºgf] hLjgsf] cfwfeGbf 

a9L lbg e'mk|f vf]nfsf] afn'jf / 9' +uf vf]l;{ +b}df 

latfPsf anlht cfk"mn] k9\g gkfP klg 

5f]/fgfltn] w]/} k9]/ gfd /fv"g\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . 

…xfdLn] t vf]nf5]p 9' +uf / afn'jf vf]l;{P/ 

lbg latfOd\ . xfd|f 5f]/fgfltn] ToxL 9' +uf 

afn'jfdf km]l/ gª lvofpg' gk/f];\Ú, pgL eG5g\, 

…pgLx¿n] klg s';L{df a;]/ sfd ug] lbg cfpnf 

eGg] cf; 5 .Ú ;b/d'sfdb]lv sl/a ;f9] !# 

lsld blIf0fk"j{ /x]sf] e' 'mk|f vf]nf au/df anlht e'mk|f vf]nfsf] au/df /x]sf] blnt a:tL 

cem} ;+3if{/t 5g\ . 

klg % sIff;Dd dfq k9fO x'G5 / lgdflj ljBfnosf nflu lzIff sfof{no hf“bf pN6f] %) 

pgLh:tf y'k} cleefjsx¿ cfºgf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ePsf] ?K;] k'Ug' eg]sf] slnnf s]6fs]6Lsf nflu xhf/ w/f}6L hDdf ug' kg] eg]kl5 TolQs} 

w]/} k9]sf] x]g{ rfxG5g\, t/ To; 7fp“df ljBfno 7"n} kxf8 r9\g'a/fa/ xf] . dflj:t/sf] k9fOsf ylGsP/ a:g'k/]sf] lji0f' jfbLn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

g} gePkl5 pgLx¿sf] OR5f OR5fd} ;Lldt nflu ;'v] {t wfpg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . …xfdL afn'jf vf]l;{P/ vfg] dfG5], ;f“em laxfgsf] 

5 . …zflGtk'/Ú gfds/0f ul/Psf] vf]nf 5]psf] …olt ;fgf s]6fs]6Ln] s;/L tLgrf/ 3G6f 5fs 6fg} d'l:sn 5, Tolt 7"nf] /sd s;/L 

pQm blnt a:tLdf afnaflnsfx¿sf nflu k9\g] lxF8]/ k9\g hfg ;S5g\Ú, cleefjs ;Ltf g]kfnL hDdf ug{ ;S5f} /

l/kf]6{ /flqhLjg 

/ftsf] afx| aHb} lyof], ahf/sf] aLr efudf 

/+uLr+uL aQL rlDsFb} lyP, ;a}sf] dg tfGb} 

rsf] { cfjfhdf afhf 3lGsFb} lyP . hGtLx¿ 

pT;fxn] gfRb} lyP, leq d08kdf a]x'nf ;dL/ 

/ a]x'nL cld/f ljjfxsf] k"hf ub} { lyP . 

uPsf] cfOtjf/ e}/xjfsf] aLr efudf PsfPs 

o:tf] b[Zo b]lvof], h'g b[Zo e}/xjfjf;Lsf nflu 

s]xL jif{otf b'n{e / cfZro{hgs lyof] . emG8} 

kf“r jif{kl5 e}/xjf, a'6jnh:tf ;x/df /fltdf 

o:tf b[Zo 7\ofDd} b]lvg 5f8]sf lyP . lsgeg] 

sºo' {sf sf/0f lxF88'n dfq xf]Og, ;f+:s[lts 

ultljlw klg k"/} k|efljt ePsf lyP . /fltsf 

ljjfx t emg\ x'g} 5f8]sf lyP . 

jiff} +b]lv { hf/L nuftf/sf] sºo{ ' x6]nuQ} 

e}/xjfdf o:tf] /fltsf] ljjfx ePsf] lyof], 

h;nfO{ em§ kTofpg ufx|f] nfUYof] . ¿kGb]xLdf 

ljut tLg jif{b]lv sºo{ ' nfUb} cfPsf] lyof] . 

To;sf] emG8} b'O{ jif{ cl3b]lv g} /fltsf ultljlw 

ug{ aGb]h nufOFb} cfPsf] lyof] . 

P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] prfO xfl;n u/]sf 

s]xL lbgkl5 ut ;ftf ¿kGb]xLdf tLg jif{b]lv 

cljlR5Gg hf/L sºo{ ' x6fOPsf] lyof] . sºo' { 

x6]kl5 hgtfdf xfO;Grf] dx;'; ePsf] 5 . 

o;sf] klxnf] pT;fxsf] b[Zo e}/xjfdf To:tf] 

ljjfxdf b]lvPsf] lyof] . To;kl5 e}/xjfd} 

b'O{rf/j6f /fltsf lax] ePsf 5g\ . Ps ;ftfb]lv 

cGoq klg o:tf] qmd x\jfQ} a9]sf] 5 . 

cfGbf]ngn] Pp6f kl/0ffd xfl;n u/]/ 

;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL b'j}n] o'4lj/fd u/]kl5 Ps 

;ftfb]lv /fhwfgLaflx/sf k|foM lhNnfdf sºo{ ' 

x6fOPsf] 5, hxf“ ljut cf7b; jif{b]lv 

lg/Gt/ …zflGt ;'/IffÚsf nflu eGb} sºo'{ 

nufOFb} cfPsf] lyof] . 

sºo' { x6fpg yflnPkl5 hgtfn] lgs} /fxt 

dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ / cGo lqmofsnfksf ;fy} 

7Kk ePsf ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f k'gM hf]8\g yfn]sf 

18 

jiff{ +b]lv } hf/L sºo{ ' x6]kl5 e}/xjfdf kfFr jif{kl5 

klxnf]k6s o;/L /flt ljjfx eP 

aNn 

xfO;Grf] † 

;w} + d'bf{ zflGt nfUg] 

/fhdfu{x¿df rlDsnf aQL 

afNb} nfOg nfu]/ /flq a;x¿ 

x'OFlsO/x]sf 5g\ . kfFr;ft 

jif{kl5 klxnf]k6s dWo/ftdf 

/fltsf ljjfx, ;f+:s[lts 

pT;j x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . 

5g\ . cfGbf]ngsf] ann] k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf 

ePnuQ} ;a} lhNnfdf sºo{ ' x6fOPsf] 5 . 

/fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df /flqhLjg Psfw 

/ftafx]s lg/Gt/ eP klg dfcf]jfbL ;z:q 

ljb|f]x ;'? ePsf s]xL jif{b]lv g} 

/fhwfgLaflx/sf k|foM lhNnfdf sºo'{n] 

hghLjg tx;gx; ag]sf] lyof], hxf“sf 

afl;Gbf ;D;fFem}b]lv gh/aGb h:t} lyP . 

;f“em gkb} { nfUg] sºo' {n] ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, 

lxF88'n, /xg;xg ;a} If]qdf k"0f{ k|efj k/]sf] 

lyof] . slt;Dd eg] /ftdf ljjfx ug] { k/Dk/f 

ePsf ;d'bfodf To:tf] k/Dk/f /f]lsPsf] lyof], 

/ftdf x'g] pT;jx¿ 7Kk ePsf lyP . 

h+unx¿df ;d]t sºo' { nfUgfn] vfgf ksfpg] 

bfp/fsf] ;d]t ;+s6 x' Fb} uPsf] lyof] . 

jiff} +b]lv { sºo' {sf] oftgf em]n]sf a'6jn lgjf;L 

¿klszf]/ kf}8]n eG5g\, …jf:tjdf sºo' {n] t 

ckf+uh:t} agfPsf] lyof], sºo' {sf] oftgfn] 

hLjgz}nL g} k"/} ablnPsf] lyof] .Ú pgsf] 

egfOdf ;fFlRrs} zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ePsf] 

x]g{ af“sL eP klg sºo' { x6\bf dfq klg lgs} 

/fxt dx;'; ePsf] 5 . 

;'/Iff lgsfon] dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLnfO{ lgoGq0f 

ug] { gfddf hlxn] klg, hxf“ klg sºo' { nufpg] 

/ r]lsª ug] { k|j[lQn] hgtfnfO{ cflht kf/]sf] 

lyof] . sºo' { t s] dfcf]jfbL lgoGq0fsf gfddf 

k|zf;gn] 7fp“7fp“sf df]6/;fOsndf b'O{hgf 

r9\g;d]t aGb]h nufpFb} cfPsf] lyof], t/ 

;'/IffsdL{n] bfaL u/]em} + zflGt ;'/Iffdf s'g} 

k|ult ePsf] lyPg, a? emg\ emg\ c;fdfGo 

cj:yf aGb} uPsf] lyof] . 

sºo'{ x6]nuQ} nfdf] b"/Ldf ;8sx¿df 

/flqa;x¿ klg ;~rfng x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . 

o'4 rls{ +b} hfFbf *–!) jif{b]lv g} /flq oftfoft 

;]jf k|efljt ePsf lyP, /fhdfu{d} sºo' { 

nfUg yfn]kl5 t emg\ To:tf] ;]jf 7Kk g} 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 

ePsf] lyof] . 

d'n'sdf ;aeGbf w]/} a; ;~rfng ug] { 

;+:yf klZrd g]kfn a; Joj;foL ;ldltsf 

cWoIf t'n;L aGhf8] eG5g\, /flq ;]jf cj?4 

x'g yfn]kl5 s/f]8f} +sf] gf]S;fg ePsf] lyof] . 

sºo' { x6]kl5 /flq ;]jf ;'rf? x'g yfn]sf] 5 .Ú 

Jofkfl/s / oftfoftsf] Ps k|d'v s]Gb| 

a'6jndf tLg jif{b]lv sºo' { hf/L x' Fbf k"j{klZrd 

/ nfdf] b"/Ldf /flq a;x¿ cfjthfjtdf k"0f{ 

cj/f]w pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . a'6jn / e}/xjfdf 

)^) ;fnb]lv lg/Gt/ sºo' { nfUb} cfPsf] lyof] . 

dfcf]jfbLn] a'6jn cfqmd0f u/]kl5 r}t @% 

kl5 t ;D;fFem}b]lv sºo' { nufpg yflnPsf] 

lyof] eg] cfGbf]ngn] pu| ¿k lnFbf lbpF;} 

klg . ptf bfª, c3f{vfFrL, nufotsf lhNnfdf 

t emg\ To; cl3b]lv g} lg/Gt/ sºo' { nufOFb} 

cfPsf] lyof], hxfF slxn]sfxLF b;} +df dfq sºo{ ' 

x6fpg] ul/Psf] lyof] . 

jiff} +b]lv { zflGt ;'/Iffsf nflu eGb} nufOPsf] 

sºo{' Ps ;ftfb]lv lsg x6fOof] t < 

clwsf/Lx¿sf] Pp6} hjfkm 5, zflGt ;'/Iffsf] 

cj:yf ;'b[9 eof], ca sºo{ ' cfjZos 5}g . 

¿kGb]xLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L u+ufbQ 

cj:yL eG5g\, zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf w]/} 

/fd|f] eof], hgtfsf lbg lkm/], lgw{Ss eP/ 

lxF88'n ug{ kfpg] eP .Ú 

t/ dfcf]jfbLsf kl5Nnf v'nf ultljlwk|lt 

O+lut ub{ } pgn] eg], kmf§km'§ h'n'; cfd;ef 

dfq} x'g] u/]sf 5g\, xfdLn] ;+odtfk"j{s x]/]sf 

5f} +, xltof/ / ;}Gokf];fsdf pgLx¿ glxFl8lbP 

/fd|f] x'GYof] .Ú 

Pp6f /fhgLlts kl/jt{gnuQ} s] tL 

clwsf/Lx¿n] eg]em} + PsfPs ;'/Iff ;'b[9 eof] 

t < ;'?sf Psfw lbgaf6} To;sf] k'li6 ug{ 

eg] ufx|f] 5 . 

ä bLks 1jfnL÷a'6jn -t:jL/ klg_

a9] /flq 

ofq' 

/fhf 1fg]Gb|n] ] zf;g;Qf cfÎgf] xftdf lnPsf] 

1jfnL atfpF5g\ . ofqf u/]kl5 uGtJodf 

!% dlxgfkl5 hgcfGbf]ngsf] andf 

gk'u];Dd k'Ug] gk'Ug] 6' +uf] gx'g] cj:yfdf 

k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf ePkl5 oftfoft 

klg clxn] ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] 

Joj;foL / ofq'x¿n] ;d]t /fxt kfPsf 

o'4lj/fd u/]/ jftf{df a:g] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 

5g\ . ;'/Iffsf] gfddf 5f]6f] b"/Lsf 

Joj;foLx¿df o:tf] cfzf knfPsf] xf] . 

oftfoftdf ;d]t ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] ;'/IffhfFr 

u/]/ 3G6f} + ;do nufpFb} cfPsf] lyof] . ;jf/L;fwgsf] rfk klg 36]sf] 5 eg] ofq'x¿n] h'd'{/fof] /flq hLjg 

o;sf] k|ToIf df/df k/]/ ofq'n] ;f:tL klg ;xh¿kdf ofqf ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . /fhfåf/f vf]l;Psf] hgclwsf/ lkmtf{ u/]/ 

ef]Ub} cfPsf lyP . To;dfly klg k|To]s dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ b'j}n] o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ff k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgf ePkl5 eg] 

lhNnf ;b/d'sfd / ahf/ If]qdf ;/sf/n] u/]/ jftf{sf] nflu cfx\jfg u/]kl5 eg] emg} /fhwfgLsf] cj:yf ;fdfGo x' Fb} uPsf] 5 . 

/ftel/ sÎo' { nufpg] u/]sfn] /flq oftfoft oftfoft Joj;foL / ofq'x¿n] yk /fxt cg'e"lt ;ft bnsf] g]t[Tjdf ;/sf/ u7g eP/ 

t 7Kk} lyof] . !% dlxgf;Dd of] ;f:tL u/]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLn] k6s k6s ;j{;fwf/0f dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ ug] { 3f]if0ff ePkl5 t 

ef]Ub} cfPsf ofq' / a; ;+rfnsx¿n] ut dflg;x¿ ofqf/t ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ PDa';df d'n'ss} hghLjgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj 

;ftfb]lv ;/sf/n] lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf kfg] {h:tf sfo{ ub} { cfPsf lyP . clxn] eg] k/]sf] 5 . 

nufpFb} cfPsf] sÎo{ ' x6fPkl5 eg] /fxt Tof] hf]lvdaf6 ;d]t oftfoft Joj;foL / sf7df8f} +sf /flt ;+rfng x'g] /]:6'/fF, l8:sf] 

dx;'; u/]sf 5g\ . 

ofq'x¿n] /fxt kfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL / y]s / Sofl;gf]x¿df clxn] ;sf/fTds k|efj 

sltko /flq oftfoft !% dlxgfkl5 ;'/IffsdL{af6 x'g] ;Defljt vt/faf6 t b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . /fhfsf] k|ToIf 

clxn] ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . bh{gf} + 7fpFdf t'ngfTds¿kdf hf]lvd sd ePsf] 5, t/ of] zf;gsfndf ;'/Iffsf] gfddf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] 

;'/IffhfFr x' Fbf 5f]6f] b"/Lsf] ofqf ug] { ofq'x¿ cjlwdf n'6]/fx¿ eg] hfUg yfn]sf 5g\ . ut s8f lgu/fgLdf :jtGq¿kdf Joj;fo 

;d]t ;fljseGbf 3G6f} + nfdf] ;do nufP/ ;ftf klZrd g]kfn a; Joj;foL ;ldltsf ;+rfng ug{ gkfPsf Jofkf/Lx¿ clxn] u|fxs 

ofqf ug{ ljjz lyP . k[YjL /fhdfu{ a; b'O{j6f a; d'lUng–gf/fo0fu9 v08df n'l6Psf j[l4 ePsf] atfpF5g\ . Îo'hg jf/sf lj;g 

Joj;foL ;ldltsf s[i0fxl/ cof{n eG5g\, 5g\ . klZrd g]kfn a; Joj;foL ;+3sf /fO{ eG5g\, …clxn] af/sf] ckm l;hg eP 

…ofq' / a; Joj;foL b'j}n] 7"nf] b'Mv df]n]/ /fdk|;fb 1jfnLsf cg';f/ b'O{j6f uf8Ldf klg u|fxsx¿ s]xL a9]sf 5g\ .Ú 

ofqf ug' { kYof{ ], t/ clxn] eg] /fhdfu{df xltof/ b]vfP/ n'6]/fx¿n] ofq'sf] u/uxgf, ;ft bnsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ u7g eP/ 

;'/IffhfFrsf] gfddf s'g} cj/f]w 5}g .Ú k};f / ;/;fdfg ;d]t n'6]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbL / ;/sf/ b'j} kIfn] o'4lj/fdsf] 

sf7df8f} +b]lv kf]v/f;Dd hfFbf Ps bh{g /fhfsf] !% dlxg] zf;g sfndf dfcf]jfbL 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 emg} sf7df8f} +sf] /flq hLjg 

7fpFdf ;'/IffhfFr x' Fb} cfPsf] lyof], t/ / ;'/IffsdL{ b'j}sf] r]k'jfdf k/]sf oftfoft yk /+uLg x' Fb} uPsf] 5 . l8:sf] y]sx¿df 

clxn] st} klg hfFr x' Fb}g . ptf ;'/Iff Joj;foLx¿n] clxn] eg] :jtGqtfsf] Zjf; dflg;sf] eL8 nfUg yfn]sf] 5 eg] bf]xf]/L 

cj:yf ;fdfGo ePkl5 /flq oftfoft km]/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . /flq a; ;+rfng ePsf] /]:6'/fFx¿ vrfvr el/g yfn]sf 5g\ . 

;+rfng x'Fbf lbgdf /fhdfu{df x'g] Ps ;ftfd} tL; k|ltzt ofq'sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 

ä uf]ljGb kl/of/÷sf7df8f} + 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 19

:jf:Yo c:ktfn ;]jf 

ä uf]ljGb kl/of/÷sf7df8f} + xf], t/ cem} klg s'i7/f]u nufotsf ;fdfGo slt z'Ns lng] eGg] dfkb08 g} agfPsf 5}gg\ . 

k|s[ltsf /f]uaf6 dg] {sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5 . o;}u/L o;n] ubf{ lghL c:ktfnx¿df dgk/L k};f 

Ps bzsotf :jf:Yo If]qn] km8\sf] df/]sf] elgP sltko ;/sf/L c:ktfndf ePsf] bIf c;'Ng] kl/kf6L xfjL ePsf] xf] . g]kfn :jf:Yo 

klg cem} a;] {lg xhf/f} + afnaflnsf s'kf]if0f / hgzlQm;d]t ;/sf/Laf6 lghLtkm{ :yfgfGt/0f cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf ;b:o;lrj 8f= z+s/k|tfk 

xhf/f} + cfdf k|;"lt ;d:ofn] d[To'sf] l;sf/ xF 'b} uPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;/sf/sf] s'g} l;+x eG5g\, …:jf:Yo If]qsf nflu lgolGqt ;+oGq 

eO/x]sf 5g\ . d'n'sn] …6]:6\o'j k|ljlwÚaf6 b'O{ /0fgLlt 5}g . 

;/sf/;“u x'g} k5{, gq To;n] gsf/fTds c;/ 

bh{g aRrf hGdfO;s] klg xhf/f} + lzz' / cfdf 

kf5{ .Ú :jf:Yoh:tf] dfgjLo hLjg;“u ufFl;Psf] 

uef{j:yfdf cfjZos kg] { :jf:Yo ;]jf gkfP/ ;]jf xf]Og Jofkf/ 

;]jfdf df}nfpFb} uPsf o:tf ljs[ltn] :jf:Yo 

dg] { u/]sf 5g\ . d'n'ssf] 7"nf] hg;+Vof cem} ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'“rdf /x]sf ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] cj:yf cem vl:sg] lj1x¿n] atfPsf 

klg ;dof]lrt :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg g;sL csfn c:ktfnx¿ gfd dfqsf aGb} uPsf 5g\ . bIf 5g\ . :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf Ps 

d[To'sf] d'vdf ws]lng] u/]sf] 5 . Psflt/ hgzlQm / k|ljlwx¿ ;/sf/Laf6 lghLtkm{ pRr clwsf/L lghL c:ktfnx¿n] lj/fdLsf] 

;/sf/n] ;g\ @)!% ;Dd :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;a}n] :yfgfGt/0f x' Fb} uPsf 5g\ . d'n'sd} ;a}eGbf ;]jfafkt lng] Go"gtd / clwstd z'Ns tf]Sg' 

;xh¿kdf pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf k'¥ofpg] a9L nufgL ul/Psf] :jf:Yodf ck]Iffs[t k|ltkmn kg] { cfjZostf dGqfnonfO{ klg v8\lsPsfn] 

gLlt lnPsf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf xft kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ax';+Vossf] :jf:Yo / l56} ;]jf z'Ns cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L ug] { tof/L 

Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] k|efj / bIf hgzlQm ;Lldt cGo cj:yf x]/]/ gLlt agfpg] sfd x'g ;s]sf] eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . 

If]q / ju{sf] ;]jfdf cNdlnPsf] cj:yf 5 . 5}g . 8f= sfsL{ eG5g\, …g]kfnsf] :jf:YogLltn] lrlsT;sx¿df ;d]t ;]jfd'vLeGbf 

;a}eGbf a9L j}b]lzs ;xof]uk|fKt eO/x]sf]dWo]sf] juL{o lje]b a9fpFb} uPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] 7"nf] Jofkf/d'vL efjgf ljsf; x' Fb} uPsf] 5 . lrlsT;f 

:jf:Yo If]qdf ck]lIft pknlAw xft gk/]sf] ;d"xnfO{ pk]Iff u/]/ ;fgf] ;d"xsf] kx' “rdf cWoog ug{ nfvf} + ?k}of“ vr{ ug' { kg] { ePsfn] 

lj1x¿ atfpF5g\ . 

c:ktfnx¿ cufl8 al9/x]sf 5g\ .Ú lrlsT;s Jofkf/L aGg] k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . 8f= 

jt{dfg :jf:Yo gLlts} sf/0f klg ;DkGgn] ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] l9nf;':tL, cfn]6fn]kg l;+x eG5g\, …lrlsT;sx¿df ;]jf ug] {eGbf 

dfq :jf:Yof]krf/ ug{ kfpg] cj:yf ljsf; nufotsf k|j[lQn] ubf{ ul/a hgtf C0fd} 8'a]/ sdfpg] k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 . o:tf] k|j[lQ lrlsT;f 

xF'b} uPsf]] 5 . kf6g c:ktfnsf jl/i7 eP klg lghL c:ktfntkm{ cfslif{t x'g yfn]sf k];fs} r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .Ú 

lrlsT;s 8f= ch' {g sfsL{ o;nfO{ k'li6 ub} { 5g\, t/ lghL c:ktfnx¿ ;]jfd'vLeGbf klg lrlsT;snfO{ ;]jfd'vL agfpg lrlsT;f 

eG5g\, …/fHosf] :jf:YogLltsf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs gfkmfd'vL ePsf sf/0f hgtfn] vr{ u/]cg'¿ksf] cWoogsf] kf7\oqmddf ;'wf/ u/]/ ;]jfd"ns 

c:ktfndf nufgL sd x'g] / lghL c:ktfn pkrf/ kfPsf 5}gg\ . 

agfpg lj1x¿n] ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ . 8f= sfsL{ 

km:6fpFb} hfg] x' “bf wgLn] dfq pkrf/ kfpg] ptf ;/sf/n] lghL c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo eG5g\, …lrlsT;fzf:q cWoogsf] clxn]sf] 

kl/kf6L df}nfpFb} uPsf] 5 .Ú clwsf+z hgtfsf] ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx¿n] pkrf/afkt lng] kf7\oqmd ;'wf/ u/]/ $ jif{sf] cjlwdf p;nfO{ 

cfly{s cj:yf :jf:Yof]krf/ ug{ g;Sg] ePsf] clwstd ;]jf z'Ns gtf]s]sfn] lghL k"0f{¿kdf ;dfh;]jL agfpg] jftfj/0f d]l8sn 

d'n'sdf v'nf :jf:YogLltn] ;du| d'n'ss} c:ktfnx¿n] lj/fdLaf6 dgk/L ;]jf z'Ns lng] sn]hx¿n] g} tof/ ug' { k5{ .Ú 

:jf:Yol:ylt vl:sFb} uPsf] 8f= sfsL{sf] u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L c:ktfnn] lng]eGbf b;f} + 

ljZn]if0f 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf d'6'sf /f]uLsf] u'gf a9L z'Ns lghL c:ktfnx¿n] lng] u/]sf v'n]cfd v]njf8 

/fd|f] pkrf/ ;]jf pknAw x'g' ;sf/fTds ;+s]t 5g\ . lghL c:ktfnx¿n] s'g ;]jf lbPafkt xfd|f] :jf:YogLlt k|efjsf/L gePsfn] 

20 

9f8} ;]Sg] † 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

ljb]zLx¿n] g]kfnL e"ldnfO{ gof“ cf}ifwL k/LIf0f 

ug] { ynf]sf ¿kdf k|of]u ub} cfPsf] /x:o v'n]sf] 

5 . :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf Ps 

pRrclwsf/Lsf cg';f/ g]kfn 3'Dg cfPsf 

ljb]zL ko{6sx¿n] kbofqfsf gfp“df g]kfnLnfO{ 

ef/L af]sfP/ n}hfg] / gof“ cf}ifwL tyf 

EoflS;gsf] k/LIf0f ug] { u/]sf 36gf kfOPsf 

5g\, h'g cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] 7f8f] pNn+3g 

xf] . gof“ cf}ifwL jf :jf:Yo;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] 

cGo j:t' k/LIf0f ubf{ lj/fdL;“u lnlvt 

dGh'/Lgfdf lnP/ dfq ug' { kg] { cGt/f{li6«o 

Joj:yf 5 . s'g} klg ljb]zL gful/sn] o:tf] 

k/LIf0f ubf{ ;DalGwt /fi6« / lj/fdLsf] lnlvt 

cg'dlt lng' k5{ . o:tf k/LIf0fn] hg:jf:Yodf 

uDeL/ Pj+ bL3{sfnLg c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . g]kfn 

:jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ cg';Gwfg zfvfsf 

k|d'v 8f= /fh]Gb|s'df/ la;L eG5g\, …ljb]zLx¿n] 

u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf dfgj /ut tfGg], cf}ifwLx¿ 

lbg] / s]xL ;dokl5 To;sf] k|ltlqmof x]g{ 

cfpg] h:tf kl/kf6L v'n]cfd x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .Ú 

o;sf] tTsfn c;/ gb]lvP klg nfdf] ;dokl5 

7"nf c;/;d]t kg] { ;Defjgf x'G5g\ . 

ljleGg b]zaf6 k|sfzg x'g] d]l8sn hg{nx¿df 

g]kfnL e"–efu / g]kfnLaf/] ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg 

eGb} y'k| } l/kf]6{ k|sfzg ul/Psf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] 

eg] :jf:Yo If]qdf cg';Gwfg ug] { p2]Zon] ljb]zL 

cg';Gwftfx¿ g]kfn cfPsf] s'g} /]s8{ gePsf] 

atfPsf] 5 . oL k|sfzgx¿n] g} …g]kfn e|d0f 

ug] { p2]Zon] cfP/ o:tf sfo{ ug] { u/]sf]Ú k'li6 

ePsf] kl/ifb\sf clwsf/L atfpF5g\ . 8f= la;L 

eG5g\, …g]kfnn] cfºgf] cfjfh cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf 

k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] k'¥ofpg g;Sbf of] ;d:of 

cfPsf] xf] .Ú p;f] t g]kfns} c:ktfnx¿n] klg 

gof“ cf}ifwL tyf EoflS;g k/LIf0f ubf{ lj/fdLsf] 

;xdlt lng] u/]sf 5}gg\, g s'g} cflwsfl/s 

lgsfoaf6} cg'dlt lng] u/]sf 5g\ . c:ktfn 

cfrf/;+lxtfdf gofF cf}ifwL jf s'g} klg gofF 

;"rsf+sx¿ 

sf]/f hGdb/ 

sf]/f d[To'b/ 

s'n k|hgg\b/ 

lzz' d[To'b/ 

afn d[To'b/ 

cf};t cfo' 

k'?if cf};t cfo' 

dlxnf cf};t cfo' 

PrcfOeL 

P8\; 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf kx' Fr 

;g\ @))! 

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k|ltxhf/df 

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k|lt dlxnfdf 

d[To' @*^ 

s'n hg;+Vofdf 

vf]k -k|of]u cg'kft_ 

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;|f]t M g];gn OlG:6Ro'6 ckm Go'/f]nf]lhsn PG8 PnfO8 ;fOG;]h 

k/LIf0f ubf{ lj/fdLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fP/ 

;xdltkl5 dfq k/LIf0f ug] { Joj:yf 5, t/ 

clwsf+z 8fS6/sf] JolQmut kxndf cg';Gwfg 

x'g] / o;af/] c:ktfn Joj:yfkg;d]t a]vj/ 

/xg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . 

wgL k5\ofpFb} 

…g]kfnn] wgL b]zx¿sf] :jf:Yo gLlt k5\ofpg' 

x' “b}g lsgeg] Tof] Toxf“ klg plrt dflgPsf] 

5}gÚ, Ps ljb]zL :jf:Yolj1 atfpF5g\ . :jf:Yo 

;]jf / ;'ljwfdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;a}sf] kx' “r x'g] 

cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug' { kg] { 

pgsf] ts{ 5 . 7"N7"nf :jf:Yo ;'ljwf kfPsf]df 

g]kfnsf] ;x/L dWodju{ v';L 5, t/ ljsl;t 

d'n'sdf ePsf cWoogn] s] b]vfPsf 5g\ eg] 

cf}ifwf]krf/n] dfq} dflg;nfO{ :j:y /fVb}g . 

cfhef]ln ;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;'ljwfnfO{ vf; 

/f]ux¿df ljlzi6Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5– ljkL sf]O/fnf 

OlG:6Ro'6 km/ cKyflNds s]o/, ;lxb u+ufnfn 

x6{ ;]G6/, u0f]zdfg l;+x OPg6L xl:k6n cflb . 

a9L vr{ u/fpg] lghL gl;{ª xf]d, c:ktfn, 

cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / d]l8sn sn]hx¿ TolQs} 

5g\, t/ wgL b]zdf x'g] k|To]s !) d[To'dWo] 

Pp6f cf}ifwf]krf/s} sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] tYof+sn] 

o:tf] ;]jf klg ;xh x'g g;Sg] b]vfPsf] 5 . 

ul/a d'n'sx¿df klg pkrf/sf qmddf x'g] 

nfkjf{xLsf sf/0f :j:Yo dflg;sf] Hofg u'd]sf 

36gf k|z:t} 5g\ . cem g]kfndf cf}ifwL 

vl/blaqmLdf x'g] u/]sf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ / 

nfkjf{xLn] klg ToxL s'/f a9fO/x]sf 5g\ . 

c:ktfnsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug' { / cf}ifwLsf] k|ofun] 

dfq} :jf:Yo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ub} {g . ltgsf] 

u'0f:t/dflysf] cg'udg / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx' “r 

d'Vo rf;f] xf] . 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 21

;/sf/n] k|To]s uflj;df sd;]sd Pp6f 

pk:jf:Yo rf}sL k'¥ofPsf] 5, t/ cem} klg 

;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx' “r :jf:Yo ;]jfdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 

5}g . :jf:Yodf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx' “r sfod ug{ 

;lsPg eg] To;n] d'n'ssf] :jf:Yo cj:yfdf 

;'wf/ ug{ ;lsFb}g, t/ /fd|f] :jf:Yo ;fdflhs 

/ cfly{s Gofoaf6} xfl;n x'G5, vlr{nf] / kl/is[t 

cf}ifwf]krf/sf] k4ltaf6 dfq xf]Og . 

c;dfg l:yltdf ;'wf/ u/]/ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf 

;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/0f hfkfgn] 

k]; u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(%) df hfkfg jt{dfg 

cd]l/sfeGbf sd :jf:Yo ;'ljwf ePsf] b]zdf 

ulgGYof] ], t/ To;sf] @* jif{d} ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf 

/fd|f] :jf:Yo ;]jf ePsf] b]z aGof] . ptf, 

zlQmzfnL cd]l/sf wgL b]zx¿dWo] :jf:Yo 

;]jfsf b[li6n] ;aeGbf sdhf]/ b]z ag]sf] 5 . 

hfkfgn] pRr w'd|kfg b/nufot y'k| } xflgsf/s 

JolQmut afgLJoxf]/f x' “bfx' “b} klg of] pknlAw 

xfl;n u/]sf] xf] . bf];|f] ljZjo'4kl5 hfkfgnfO{ 

;]gf /fVg glbOPsf sf/0fn] of] ;Dej 

ePsf] xf] . 

sf7df8f} + df]8n c:ktfnsf lrlsT;s 8f= 

;/f]h lwtfn eG5g\, …;fd'bflos :jf:Yo gLltn] 

dfq} g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ hgtfsf] kxF 'rdf 

k'¥ofpF5 .Ú ;+;f/d} ;aeGbf g/fd|f]dWo] uGg 

;lsg] ;'b"/klZrdsf kxf8L lhNnfx¿sf] 

:jf:Yol:ylt ;'wfg{ Toxf“sf] vfBfGg cefj 

x6fpg' kb{5 . oL lhNnfsf] cf};t cfo' $* 

jif{dfq} 5 . cg'bfgsf] vfBfGg / sNof0fsf/L 

sfo{qmdn] dfq of] c;dfgtf 36fpg ;Snf < 

t;y{ g]kfnn] cfºg} k|sf/sf] :jf:Yof]krf/sf] 

;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{' k5{, t/ ;fd'bflos 

:jf:Yosf] nflu ;dtfd"ns ;dfh x'g' 

cfjZos 5 . 

nIo k|flKtsf] af6f] 

g]kfnsf] :jf:YogLltdf sfod /x]sf 

ljs[ltx¿n] ;x>fAbL ljsf; nIonfO{ 

cf]em]ndf kf/]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo If]qdf sfod 

gLlt / ultnfO{ ;'wf/ gu/];Dd ;x>fAbL 

ljsf; nIo k|flKt x'g g;Sg] lj1x¿ 

atfpF5g\ . 8f= sfsL{ eG5g\, …d'n'ssf] ;du| 

:jf:Yosf] uGtJo g} x'g]vfg] ju{tkm{ d]l8Psf] 

clxn]sf] cj:yfdf ;x>fAbL ljsf;sf] nIo 

k"/f x'g ;Sb}g .Ú dft[ d[To'b/, afn 

d[To'b/nufotsf dxfdf/L /f]uaf6 d[To' x'g] 

cg'kft 36fpg ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] kx' “rdf 

:jf:Yo ;]jf x'g' k5{ . ha;Dd :jf:Yo If]qdf 

b]lvPsf lghLs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] cGTo 

u/]/ ;]jfd"ns d"nwf/sf] lgdf{0f x' Fb}g ta;Dd 

;x>fAbL ljsf; nIosf] s'g} cf}lrTo x' Fb}g . 

t;y{ clxn]sf] kl/kf6Ldf ;'wf/ u/]/ dfq o:tf 

nIo ;fy{s x'g ;S5g\ . 

ljsf; nIon] k|To]s jif{ kfFr jif{eGbf sd 

pd]/sf afnaflnsfx¿sf] d[To' ;+Vof @M# sf] 

cg'kftn] 36fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5, t/ 

clxn];Dd of] cg'kftdf afn d[To'b/ k'Ug 

;s]sf] 5}g . ptf ljZjd} k|f0f3fts dxfdf/Lsf] 

¿kdf /x]sf] PrcfOeL P8\;sf] ;+qmd0f ;g\ 

@)!% ;Dd /f]Sg] nIo lnPsf] eP klg k|To]s 

22 

:jf:Yo c:ktfn ;]jf 

t:jL/x¿ M t]haxfb'/ a:g]t 

;/sf/L gLlts} sf/0f lghL c:ktfnx¿ k|f]T;flxt eO/x]sf 5g\ 

jif{ ;+qmd0f a9\bf] 5 . cf}nf]nufotsf ;?jf logLx¿n] ;/sf/;“u c:ktfn ;+rfng ug] { 

/f]u km}ngaf6 /f]Sg] nIo klg ;kgf dfq :jLs[lt lnFbf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ug] { 

ePsf] 5 . cem} klg g]kfndf xhf/f} +sf] ;+Vofdf lnlvt ;Demf}tf u/] klg ;+rfngsf] jiff}{+ 

cf}nf], Ifo/f]uh:tf ;?jf /f]uaf6 dg] { u/]sf lalt;Sbf ;d]t Totftkm{ Wofg lbPsf 5}gg\ . 

5g\ . cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg g;s]sf] of] d"Nof+sg gubf{ c:ktfn If]qj/k/sf 

b'u{d If]qsf hgtfnfO{ ljsf; nIon] ;kgf afl;Gbfn] tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg k|lts"ntfsf] 

dfq afF8]sf] lj1x¿ atfpF5g\ . cfwf/e"t ;fdgf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . 8f= sfsL{ eG5g\, 

:jf:Yo ;]jf ;a} hgtfsf] kx' Frdf geP;Dd …bL3{sfnLg c;/df eGbf klg tTsfnsf] 

;du| :jf:Yo cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ g;lsg] ;dfwfgtkm{ :jf:YogLlt cufl8 a9]sf sf/0f 

lj1x¿sf] 7x/ 5 . 

eljiodf To;n] 7"nf] c;/ k'¥ofpg]5 .Ú 

To;f] t clwsf+z d]l8sn pks/0fx¿sf] :jf:Yoh:tf] ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf ePsf] o:tf 

pTkfbgdf ;d]t ljZjd} Pp6} sDkgLsf] jr{:j nfkjf{xLn] eljiodf b]zsf] :jf:YogLlt g} 

5 . o:tf cTofjZos j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ k|To'Tkfbs x'g ;Sg] cfz+sf lj1x¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . 

sDkgLx¿n] gofF sDkgLnfO{ k|j]z g} glbg] P]gsf] bkmf !* n] jftfj/0fLo k|efj 

;+/rgf tof/ u/]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cd]l/sL d"Nof+sgljk/Lt s'g} sfo{ u/]df tf]lsPsf 

lj/fdLsf] pkrf/df nfu]sf] vr{eGbf g]kfnL clwsf/Ln] To:tf] sfo{ -c:ktfn_ t'?Gt aGb 

lj/fdLsf] pkrf/df k|of]u ePsf] pks/0fsf] u/fpg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] sfo{ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] 

d"No t'ngfTds¿kdf dxFuf] k5{ ha ls u/]sf] eP lghnfO{ s;'/sf] dfqf x]/L Ps nfv 

k|ltJolQm cfo x]g] { xf] eg] g]kfn / cd]l/sfaLr ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . 

Jofks cGt/ 5 . sf7df8f} + df]8n c:ktfnsf lj1fg k|ljlw tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf 

k|jQmf 8f= zDe' pkfWofo eG5g\, …lj/fdL jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg zfvfsf k|d'v 

pkrf/sf ;fwf/0f pks/0fb]lv cf}ifwLx¿df a6's[i0f pk| ]tL eG5g\, …P]g sfg'gsf] kfngf ug] { 

;d]t s]xL lglZrt sDkgLsf] ljZje/ dgf]kf]nL bfloTj af]s]sf c:ktfnx¿ clxn] o;df ;r]t 

ePsfn] ubf{ g]kfnh:tf] d'n'snfO{ 7"nf] c;/ b]lvPsf 5}gg\, t/ ;DalGwt lgsfon] o;sf] 

kf/]sf] 5 .Ú 

cg'udg u/]/ sf/afxL ug] { ;+oGq tof/ ug' { 

k5{ .Ú pk| ]tLsf cg';f/ sf7df8f} +sf b'O{j6f 

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg v} < c:ktfnn] dfq jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sgaf6 

@% zøofeGbf a9L Ifdtfsf c:ktfnx¿n] lgwf{/0f ePcg'¿k sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . tLnu+uf 

clgjfo{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg -OGef/d]G6n cfFvf c:ktfn / 8f= pk]Gb| b]jsf]6fåf/f 

ODKofS6 P;]:d]G6_ ug' { kg] { gLlt 5, t/ clwsf+z af“;af/Ldf ;~rflnt gzf c:ktfnafx]sn] cem} 

c:ktfn lgdf{0f ul/Fbf of] k|lqmof k"/f ul/Psf] OcfOP u/]sf 5}gg\ . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg 

5}g . c:ktfn ;+rfng ug{ ;/sf/;Fu cg'dlt ubf{ c:ktfn ;+rfngsf] nflu PDa'n]G;, kfls{ª, 

lng'cufl8 jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ug' { kg] { kmf]xf]/ k|zf]wg, c:ktfnsf] s'n If]qnufotsf 

/ ;f] d"Nof+sg x]/]/ dfq ;DalGwt lgsfon] If]qdf ljz]if dfkb08 x]l/g' kg] { Joj:yf u/]sf] 

c:ktfn ;+rfngsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yf 5 . ptf :jf:Yo dGqfnon] c:ktfn ;+rfngsf 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# n] u/]sf] 5 . g t nflu agfPsf] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] ;d]t sltko 

tL c:ktfnn] :jf:Yodf k|ToIf Pj+ bL3{sfnLg c:ktfndf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . :jf:Yo tyf 

c;/af6 arfpg] / ug} { kg] { dfkb08 g} k"/f hg;+Vof dGqfnosL k|d'v hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s 

u/]sf 5g\ . a? To;sf ;+rfnsx¿ km:6fpg] 8f= ;/f]hs'df/ …/fh]Gb|Ú elG5g\, …c:ktfnx¿n] 

dfq u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf alnof pbfx/0f cfrf/;+lxtfdf ePsf ;fdfGo a“'bfsf] 

sf7df8f} +sf ç gl;{ª xf]d tyf l/;r{ ;]G6/, ;d]t kfngf gu/]sfn] ca dGqfnon] s8f 

d]l8s]o/, gle{s nufotsf c:ktfnx¿ 5g\ . cg'udg ug] {5 .Ú ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

jftf{ Pl/s ;f]Nx]d 

zflGt k|lqmofdf 

cGt/f{li6«o e"ldsf 

Jofks cfwf/sf] x'g;S5 

åGå/t g]kfndf zflGt cleofgdf gj] {sf] 

;Defljt ;+nUgtfaf/] Toxf“sf cGt/f{li6«o 

ljsf; dfldnfdGqL Pl/s ;f]Nx]d;“usf] 

cGtjf{tf{ . ;f]Nx]dn] xfn} g]kfn tyf ef/tsf] 

e|d0f u/]sf lyP . 

{ 

+ 

{ 

' 

F 

{ 

{ 

tkfO{+n] xfn} g]kfn e|d0f ug'{ eof] . g]kfn eof] . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx¿ / /fhf;d]t ljsf;sf nflu PsLs[t / lg/Gt/ ;xof]u 

blIf0f Pl;ofsf] csf] /fi6« xf], hxf“ Ps bzs e"ldut dfcf]jfbL;“usf] jftf{df c;kmn ePsf k'¥ofpg]af/] pgLx¿ ;lqmo x'g'k5{ . 

nfdf] dfcf]jfbL ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f !# xhf/ 5g\ . s] g]kfndf s'g} lsl;dsf] dWo:ystf{sf] 

dflg;sf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] åGå emG8} e'ldsf x'gk5{ eGg] dfu 5 < s] /fhgLlts >Ln+sfsf] zflGt jftf{df glhsaf6 ;+NfUg 

>Ln+sfsf] tldn k[ystfjfbLsf] h:t} 5, hxf“ bn / dfcf]jfbL b'j}n] cfu|x u/]df gj]{ ePsf] / zflGt jftf{ k|f/De u/]sf] cg'ejsf 

tkfO{ zflGt k|lqmofdf d'Vo dWo:ystf{ eP/ dWo:ystf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ng OR5's 5 < cfwf/df g]kfn / >Ln+sfsf] l:yltdf s:tf 

sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . g]kfndf tkfO{+n] s] kfpg' d]/f] ljrf/df g]kfnLx¿ s:tf] ;xof]u vfn] ;dfgtf / leGgtf 5g\ < 

eof] < 

rfxG5g\, cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] s]xL k|tLIffsf åGåsf] t'ngf ug' lgs} sl7g sfd xf] . åGåsf 

g]kfnL hgtfsf] of] P]ltxfl;s 38Ldf d ;fy x]g{ plrt x'g]5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bn cfºg} vfn] ljz]iftf x'G5g\ . >Ln+sfsf] åGå 

g]kfnL hgtfk|lt P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{ rfxGy] . / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pgLx¿ cfkm}n] zflGt k|lqmof k[ystfjfbL xf], ToxfF b'O{ leGg hflt, efiff / 

hgcfGbf]ngn] g]kfnsf /fhfnfO{ k|ltlglw;ef s;/L cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] lg0f{o ug' {cl3 g} wd{aLrsf] åGå 5 . g]kfnsf] åGå lgs} xb;Dd 

k'gM:yfkgf ug{ afWo kf¥of] . g]kfnL hgtf cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] cfºgf] ;'emfjsf] bafadf cfly{s ;fdflhs åGå xf] . g]kfnsf] åGåsf] h/fdf 

k|hftGq / zflGt rfxG5g\ / pgLx¿sf] ;fxl;s pgLx¿nfO{ kfg{ x' Fb}g . 

7"nf] ;+Vofsf] ;LdfGts/0f / u}/;dfj]zLs/0f 

sfo{n] d'n'sn] Tof] xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlts bnx¿n] zflGt k|lqmofsf 5g\ . g]kfnLn] k|hftGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; 

/fhgLlts bn / dfcf]jfbL ca zflGt k|lqmofdf :j¿kaf/] lg0f{o u/]kl5 pgLx¿n] cGt/f{li6«o ug' {k5{, h;n] To:tf ;d"xsf nflu /fhgLlts 

;+nUg x'g rfxG5g\, :yfoL zflGt jxfn ug] ;d'bfo;“u vf; lsl;dsf ;xof]u dfUg]5g\, / cfly{s ¿kdf cj;/ / bafa l;h{g ug] {5g\ . 

p2]Zosf ;fy . of] k|of;df cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] d]/f] ck]Iff 5 . clxn];Dd g]kfnLn] dWo:ystf{sf] 

k"0f{ ;dy{g x'g cfjZos 5 . 

cfjZostf JoQm u/]sf 5}gg\, t/ cfufdL g]kfndf /fhfn] zf;g xftdf lnPkl5 gj]{n] 

jftf{sf nflu …afx\o ;fIfLÚsf] cfjZostf kg{;Sg] lbFb} cfPsf ;xof]u aGb u¥of] . qf; / rf;f] 

sf7df8f}+df /xFbf tkfO{+n] g]kfndf zflGt pgLx¿n] cf} +NofPsf 5g\ . clxn] g]kfnLx¿n] ldl>t o:tf] gLlt wgL /fi6«x¿n] lsg 

k|lqmofsf] lgu/fgL / k|hftGq ;'9'9Ls/0fsf g} låkIfLo jftf{sf nflu ;do / e"ldsf ckgfp“5g\ < ljsf; ah]6 /f]Sbf t g]kfnsf 

nflu ;Dej eP;Ddsf] ;dy{g lbg] atfpg' ;'lglZrt ug' g} 7"nf] of]ubfg dflgg]5 . g]kfnsf] ul/a hgtf k|efljt eP, x}g / < 

24 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

+ 

+ 

+ 

+ 

xfdLn] g]kfn;“usf] ;DaGw ;fdfGo agf];\ kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf tkfO{ +n] g]kfn / >Ln+sfsf] ;+j]bgzLn /fhgLlts ;+u7g h;nfO{ 

eGg] rfx]sf 5f} . o;f] eGg'sf] cy{ xfd|f] ljsf; zflGt k|lqmofdf ef/tsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] /fhgLltdf Nofpg' k5{ < 

k|of;nfO{ k'gM:yflkt ug' {dfq xf]Og, /fhfn] zf;g atfpg' eof] . tkfO{ +nfO{ yfxf 5, ef/tn] Tolt Jofks k|s[ltsf] l6Kk0fL of rl/q lrq0fn] 

xftdf lng'cl3sf] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg' xf] . ?lr b]vfPsf] 5}g, p;sf] cd]l/sf;“usf] åGå ;dfwfgdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf v]Nb}g, t/ s] 

g]kfnsf ul/a hgtf dfcf]jfbL ;z:q åGå / /0fgLlts ;DaGwsf sf/0f klg x'g;S5, h;n] :ki6 5 eg] g]kfn / >Ln+sf b'j} b]zsf] åGå 

/fhfsf] lg/+s'z zf;gdf k|hftflGqs Joj:yfsf] g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL / tldn ljb|f]xL b'j}nfO{ cfºgf] ;fFRr}sf] c;Gtf]ifaf6 pTklQ ePsf x'g\ . tL 

cefjdf g/fd|/L k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . /fhfn] cft+sjfblj?4sf] cleofgcGtu{t /fv]sf] 5 . c;Gtf]if /fhgLlts ljb|f]xdf ljsl;t x' Fb} cGtdf 

zf;g xftdf lNfPkl5 gj] {n] cfkm"n] lbFb} cfPsf] o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{ cfkm}n] oL b'O{ d'n'sdf ;z:q åGådf kl/0ft eP . xfd|f] nIo oL åGå 

ljsf; ;xof]udf !) k|ltzt s6f}tL u/]sf] t6:y e"ldsf v]Ng'sf] ;§f lsg ef/tnfO{ ;dfwfgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' xf] . åGå ;dfwfg 

xf] . xfdL w]/}h;f] dxŒjk"0f{ kl/of]hgfx¿df ;xefuL x'g cfu|x ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . ef/tsf] ug{ xltof/ lnPsf / glnPsf b'j} vfn] ;d"xnfO{ 

h'l6/x\of} . 

rfxgf gePsf] cj:yfdf tkfO{ +sf] ljrf/df o; 

If]qsf] zflGt k|lqmof k|efjsf/L agfpg s'g 

b]z ljsf;df ;xefuL agfpg' k5{ . 

tkfO{+ cfkm} jfdkGyL ;dfhjfbL g]tf x'g'x'G5, d'Vo cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Snf < tkfO{+ Go'of]s{ hfFb} x'g'x'G5 . s] Toxf“ tkfO{+ 

tkfO{+n] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_sf ef/tn] g]kfn / >Ln+sfaf/] rf;f] /fVb}g eGg' ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ e]6g' x'G5 

dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn;“u s] s'/fdf ;xL x'g]5}g . cfºgf] ;Ldf If]q;“u} eO/x]sf < olb To:tf] xf] eg] g]kfn / >Ln+sf tkfO{+sf 

5nkmn ug' {eof] < cfw'lgs o'/f]kdf rln/x]sf] ultljlwx¿ ef/tsf] ;'/Iff rf;f] klg xf] . ef/t 5nkmnsf ljifo x'g]5g\ < s] tkfO{+ rfxg' x'G5, 

;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ng / blIf0f Pl;ofsf] To:t} b'j} b]zsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . oL b'j} b]zdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;xeflutf 

cfGbf]ngdf s:tf leGgtf 5g\ . ;a}hgf t cGt/f{li6«o ;+nUgtf dxŒjk"0f{ 5 / >Ln+sfdf clxn] eO/x]sf]eGbf cem a9L x''g' k5{ < 

dfS;{, n]lgg / dfcf]sf laNnfx¿ cfºgf gj] {sf] ;xof]uL k|of;n] o'/f]k]nL ;+3, cd]l/sf / xfdL g]kfn / >Ln+sfsf] dfdnf / cGo 

sk8fdf leg]{ u5{g\ < 

hfkfg …cWoIfÚsf] ;dy{g rfxG5 . g]kfnsf] ljifodf lgoldt¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3;“u 

dfwj g]kfn / d}n] g]kfnn] clxn] ef]lu/x]sf zflGt k|lqmofdf s'g} klg cGt/f{li6«o e"ldsf 5nkmn ul//x]sf x'G5f} +, t/ o;k6ssf] ljifo 

r'gf}tL / ;Defljt pkfoaf/] 5nkmn u¥of} . ;DejtM Jofks cfwf/sf] x'g]5 . eg] lbuf] ljsf; / pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] 

5nkmnaf6 g]kfn, blIf0f Pl;of / ljZjn] 

:yfkgf;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] x'g]5g\ . 

ef]lu/x]sf r'gf}tLdf ;dfg ;f]r / cjwf/0ff tkfO{+ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s:tf] dfGg'x'G5 < Pp6f -hd{gLaf6 k|sflzt x'g] …8/ :ofOu]nÚ 

kfPF . d]/f] ljrf/df Pl;of / o'/f]kdf dfS;{sf aGb'sdf ljZjf; ug]{ cft+sjfbL h;n] klqsfsL lbNnLl:yt k|ltlglw kßf /fjnfO{ 

ljrf/ clxn] klg ;fGble{s 5g\ . Pnl66Lsf] h:t} afnaflnsf etL{ u5{g\ jf lbOPsf] cGtjf{tf{sf] g]kfnL ?kfGt/0f_ 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 25

t:jL/x¿ M ef:j/ cf]emf / t]haxfb'/ a:g]t 

cfj/0f k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff 

3f]if0ffn] ca k|ltlglw;ef ;j{zlQmdfg ePsf] 5 

;j{zlQmdfg hgtf 

ä ljz]if ;+jfbbftf÷sf7df8f} 

+ 

] 

{ 

] 

] 

cf}krfl/s¿kdf zlQmljxLg agfPsf] 5 . of] sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ 

3f]if0ffkl5 k|wfgdGqL, ;efd'v / k|ltlglw;ef b]pjfn] ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt /fhf g} x'g'kg{ wf/0ff 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] andf k'gM:yflkt /fHo Joj:yf ;ldlt zlQmzfnL x'g]5g\ . ;ft bnsf] zLif{:y g]tfx¿sf] a}7sdf h]7 ! 

k|ltlglw;efn] klxnf] a}7ssf] @) lbgkl5 

…k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff–@)^#Ú kfl/t u/]sf] 

of] 3f]if0ffn] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg;Dd 

k|ltlglw;efnfO{ ;lQmzfnL agfPsf] 5 . ljb|f]xL 

ut] /fv]sf] ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 d'n'sel/ g} 

To;lj?4 k|bz{g / cfuhgL ePsf] lyof] . 

5 . hgcfGbf]ngdf JoQm efjgf ;Daf]wg dfcf]jfbL ;lDdlnt x'g] elgPsf] cGtl/d ;/sf/ ;ft bnsf zLif{:y g]tfsf] a}7sdf ePsf] 

ePsf] of] 3f]if0ff ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg hlQs} 

dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] o;sf a' Fbfx¿n] :ki6 kf5{g\ . 

klg k|ltlglw;efaf6 cg'df]bg x'g'kg] Joj:yf 5, 

3f]if0ffdf . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ldlt dfq geP/ To;sf] 

ljjfbs} sf/0f 3f]if0ff k|ltlglw;efdf k|:t't 

x'g ljnDa ePsf] lj/f]wdf b]zJofkL k|bz{gsf] 

P3f/a' Fb] of] 3f]if0ffn] klxnf] k6s ;]gf /fhfsf] k|lqmof to ug{] clwsf/ klg 3f]if0ffn] z[ +vnf ;'? x'g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] lyof], t/ ;ft 

lgoGq0faflx/ / ;+;b\sf] lgoGq0fdf uPsf] 

5 eg] o;cl3 ;+;b\sf] c+u /x]sf /fhf 

k|ltlglw;efnfO{ lbPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts ;Dd]ngaf6 

;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ldlt / k|lqmof tf]Sg'kg{ dfu 

bnsf g]tf / ljjfbdf k/]sf b]pjfn] ;]gf 

/fhfsf] lgoGq0faf6 x6fpg] / h]7 $ ut] g} 

ToxfFaf6 aflxl/Psf 5g\ . ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt ul//x]sf ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbLn] of] 3f]if0ffk|lt s:tf] k|ltlglw;efaf6 3f]if0ff kfl/t ug{ ;fj{hlgs 

/fhf /xg] o;cl3sf] Joj:yf of] 3f]if0ffn] 

vf/]h u/]sf] 5 eg] /fhb/jf/sf] /fhgLlts 

Jojxf/ ug{ ]5g\ eGg] x]g{ af“sL 5 . 

;ft bnsf zLif{:y g]tfx¿sf] a}7sdf ePsf] 

jfrf u/]kl5 k|bz{gsf/L zfGt ePsf lyP . 

h]7 # ut] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] 3f]if0ff kfl/t 

dxŒjfsf+Iff hufpg] /fhkl/ifb\ ;]jf klg ljjfbsf sf/0f h]7 ! df x'g] lglZrt ePsf] u/]kl5 $ ut] k|ltlglw;efdf 3f]if0ff k|:t't 

x6fPsf] 5 . of] 3f]if0ffn] /fhfnfO{ of] 3f]if0ff tLg lbg l9nf] ePsf] xf] . g]kfnL ul/Psf] / 5nkmnkl5 kfl/t ePsf] lyof] .

k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff–@)^# 

] 

] 

] 

] 

] 

] 

] 

] 

@)^@–@)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngdf cfd g]kfnL k|ltlglw;efdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf / k|wfgdGqLsf] k|:tfjsf] cfwf/df 

hgtfn] b]vfPsf] ;xeflutf, alnbfg / k|ltlglwTj gePsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx¿n] k|ltlglw;efsf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltåf/f 

pT;u{sf] nflu xflb{s wGojfb lbFb}, k/:k/sf] ;dembf/Ldf /fli6«o ;/sf/ u7g cg'df]bg ul/Psf lghfdtL sd{rf/Lx¿ 

hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t cleJoQm g]kfnL ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . o:tf] ;/sf/n] k|ltlglw;efsf] /fhb/jf/ uO{ sfd ug{ ]5g\ . 

hgtfn] b]vfPsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g / sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtsf] *= k|ltlglw;efsf] clwj]zg cfx\jfg 

zflGtsf] rfxgfk|lt pRr;Ddfg JoQm ub{ }, ljZjf; k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' kg{ ]5 . / cGt ug{ ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] 

:jtGq / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnsf] %= ;+ljwfg;ef;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, 

/fHozlQmsf] ;|f]t hgtf /x]sf] / g]kfnL ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos kg{ sfg'g agfpg] s= k|wfgdGqLaf6 k|ltlglw;efsf] 

hgtfn] s]xL ;docl3 zflGtk"0f{ clwsf/ k|ltlglw;efnfO{ x'g]5 . clwj]zg cfx\jfg x'g]5 / ;efd'vaf6 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] dfWodaf6 lj3l6t ^= xfn k|rlnt /fli6«o ufgsf] j}slNks clwj]zgsf] cGTo x'g]5 . 

k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yflkt u/L Joj:yf u/L x6fOg]5 . 

v= ;efd'vaf6 k|ltlglw;efsf] 

;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t ;+j}wflgs kl/jt{g ug{ 

OR5f cleJoQm u/]sf] / g]kfn 

&= >L % ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf 

b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, 

clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] jf a}7s :ylut 

ePsf] cj:yfdf clwj]zg jf a}7s 

/fi6«sf] cv08tf, cljefHotf / /fli6«o s= /fhu2L pQ/flwsf/L;DaGwL sfg'g af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL k|ltlglw;efsf] 

Pstfk|lt ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] uxg lhDd]jf/L agfpg], ;+zf]wg / vf/]h ug{ clwsf/ ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO 

cfTd;ft ub{ }, 

k|ltlglw;efdf /xg]5 . 

;b:ox¿n] ;dfj]bg u/]df To:tf] clwj]zg 

;f] g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf ;fsf/ kfg{ v= /fhkl/ifb\sf] Joj:yf /xg]5}g . jf a}7s a:g] ldlt / ;do tf]Sg' kg{ ]5 / 

l;nl;nfdf hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] /fhsLo u= >L % sf] vr{ / ;'ljwf k|ltlglw;efåf/f To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf 

;Qf Pj+ ;fj{ef}d clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ Ps lgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5 . k|ltlglw;efsf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g] jf 

dfq k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf 3= >L % sf] cfo jf lghL ;DklQdf cGo a}7s a:g]5 . 

clwsf/;DkGg k|ltlglw;efsf] of] a}7s gful/s;/x g} s/, z'Ns nfUg]5 . (= ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf 

b]xfoadf]lhd 3f]if0ff ub{5 M ª= >L % af6 sfg'gljk/Lt ePsf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5, 

!= g]kfn /fHosf] Joj:yflksfsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdx¿af/] cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg kfOg]5 . s= ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg 

clwsf/ k|ltlglw;efåf/f dfq k|of]u r= >L % df sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ lglxt k|ltlglw;efn] tf]s]sf] ldltdf x'g]5 . 

ul/g]5 . o:tf] clwsf/ k|of]u /xg]5}g . …>L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{Ú ca pk|fGt v= k|fyldstfsf] ;"rLdf cfwfl/t 

k|ltlglw;efn] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] ug{ ]5 . …g]kfn ;/sf/Ú elgg]5 . 

;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcg'¿k 

@= g]kfn /fHosf] dlGqkl/ifb\ ;fd"lxs 5= >L % ;+;b\sf] c+u dflgg]5}g . sfg'gåf/f Joj:yf ePadf]lhd 

¿kdf / k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, h= zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt;DaGwL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g]5 . 

/fHodGqL, ;xfosdGqLx¿ JolQmut Joj:yf vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] !)= g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& 

x}l;otdf ;d]t k|ltlglw;efk|lt pQ/bfoL gfd ca pk|fGt g]kfnL ;]gf /xg]5 . / ;f]cGtu{t ag]sf sfg'gx¿ o; 3f]if0ffdf 

x'g]5g\ . /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfo k|x/L k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/; eO{ k|ltlglw;efsf] n]lvPsf ljifo;Fu aflemPsf] xb;Dd 

k|zf;gnufot ;a} /fhsLo ;+:yf tyf /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltåf/f cg'df]bg ul/Psf] cdfGo x'g]5 . 

lgsfox¿ k|ltlglw;efsf] dftxtdf JolQm g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|wfg;]gfklt lgo'Qm x'g]5 . !!= ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug{ tf]lsPsf 

/xg]5g\ . 

em= k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df kbflwsf/Ln] jt{dfg ;Gbe{df 

#= dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t k|ltlglw;efsf] /fHo Joj:yf ;ldltåf/f k|ltlglw;ef lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] 

lgodfjnLadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'df]bg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf ;]gfsf] k|of]u 9fFrfdf tf]lsPsf] ;dodf zky lng]5g\ . 

sfo{ljefhg / sfo{;Dkfbg x'g]5 . Pj+ ;~rfng x'g]5 . 

zky lng OGsf/ ug{ kbflwsf/L tTsfn} 

$= d'n'ssf] cfjZostfsf nflu `= /fhk|f;fb ;]jf ca pk|fGt /xg]5}g . kbd'Qm x'g]5g\ . ä

cfj/0f k|ltlglw;ef 3f]if0ff 

k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf 

{ 

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a'wjf/ laxfg ;+;b\ ;lrjfnoaflx/ xf]xNnf x' Fbf dfq geO{ cg]s hl6n /fhgLlts lj/f]wfef; 

ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lx¿df :jefljs sf}t'xn hfu]sf] b]lvPsf 5g\, u7aGwgleq . ptf cft+sjfbsf] 

lyof]– cflv/ cfh ;bg ga;]sf] lbgdf lsg laNnf / /]8sg{/ gf]l6; lkmtf{ ePkl5 

oqf] xNnf < g]kfnL sf+u| ]; -k|hftflGqs_sf ;f+;b dfcf]jfbLsf pRr:t/Lo / dWo:t/sf g]tfx¿ 

anaxfb'/ s];L cfºgf] sldhsf] 6fFs v'nf /fVb} sf7df8f} +df cfPsf 5g\ eg] /fhwfgLsf ljleGg 

ToxfF pkl:yt cfºgf ;dy{sx¿nfO{ xf};nf lbFb} efusf kvf{ndf pgLx¿sf /ftf gf/f kf]ltPsf 

lyP . tL ;dy{sx¿ kf6L{ ;efklt z]/axfb'/ 5g\ . ;Qfwf/L u7aGwg dgf]j}1flgs bafadf 

b]pjflj?4 rsf] cfjfhdf af]ln/x]sf lyP . cfpg yfn]sf] 5, ljb|f]xLx¿sf] . ;/sf/n] cfºgf] 

e|i6frf/sf] dfldnfdf cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7xl/Psf Ph]G8f k|:t't ug{ l9nfO ubf{ k|zf;gtGq / 

lr/~hLjL jfUn] k'gM:yflkt k|ltlglw;ef a}7sdf ;j{;fwf/0fdf TolQs} cGof]n ag]sf] 5 . 

b]vf gk/] klg ;+;bLo bnsf] g]t[Tj kbdf ut z'qmjf/ u7aGwg ;Defljt 7"nf] b'3{6gf 

b]pjflj?4 ljho uR5bf/sf] ;dy{gdf ;lqmo / g}lts k/fhoaf6 ar]sf] lyof] . p4f/stf{ 

lyP, s];L;Fu} . 

lyOg\, pk;efd'v lrqn]vf ofbj hf] sf+u| ]; 

/, ptf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] k|:tfljt lj:tf/ tyf k|hftflGqssf] /fhgLltdf b]pjflj?4sf] df]rf{df 

b"/ufdL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o dxŒjsf 3f]if0ff plqPsL 5g\ . 

k|ltlglw;efdf ug] sfd zlgjf/ x'g g;Sbf ;efd'v kbsf] pgsf] :jefljs bfaLnfO{ 

To;sf] bf]if d'Votof sf+u| ]; k|hftflGqsnfO{ sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 ;+;b\ 

lbPsf lyP . cem To;dfly hgdf]rf{sf ;f+;b ;b:otf / pk;efd'vsf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf 

nLnfdl0f kf]v| ]nn] b]pjfn] ljgfjbL{sf /fhf g} lbFb} eL8sf] ;xf/f lng] c7f]6 u/]sL lyOg\ 

;]gfsf] k/dflwklt x'g'kg]{ jsfnt u/]sf] pgn], ;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg 6' Fl8v]ndf ug{ ;ft 

;fj{hlgs jofg lbPkl5 /fhwfgLdf d+unjf/ bnnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb} . 

pu|lj/f]w k|bz{g e8\s]sf] lyof], h;n] sd;]sd Ps ;"qsf cg';f/ ;+;b\ ;lrjfnosf 

rf/ ;/sf/L tyf ;+:yfgsf uf8Lx¿df cfuf] dxf;lrj ;"o{ls/0f u'?ªn] To;f] gug{ pgnfO{ 

nufPsf] lyof], oftfoft 3G6f} +;Dd cj?4 x'g] cfu|x u/] . sf+u| ]; k|hftflGqssf u}/;+:yfkg 

u/L . …d}n] /fhfnfO{ k/dflwklt agfpg] s'/} kIfsf lr/~hLjL jfUn] / uR5bf/;d]tn] klg 

u/]sf] 5}g / d Tof] rfxGgF klgÚ, b]pjfn] ;do;Fu pgnfO{ /fhLgfdf gug{ cfu|x u/] . cGttM /f]bg 

eg] . 

ldl>t ljZjf;sf ;fy lgwf{l/t ;doeGbf b'O{ 

t/, ;Qfwf/L bnleqsf] ;d:of / 3f]if0ffdf 3G6fkl5 pgn] ;bgsf] cWoIftf ub} cfkm" 

ePsf] ljnDasf sf/0f b]pjf of pgsf] kf6L{ ;efd'vsf] bfa]bf/ gePsf] 3f]if0ff ub} ;'jf; 

3f]if0ffdf 

bafa 

g]Djfªsf] lglj{/f]w lgjf{rgdf ;xfos algg\ 

pgL . To;cl3 Pdfn] g]tf e/tdf]xg clwsf/L, 

emngfy vgfn / v8\u cf]nLåf/f lbOPsf] rfx]sf] 

ljefusf ;fy dlGqkl/ifb\df pgnfO{ 7fpF lbg] 

cfZjf;g klg ofbjn] c:jLsf/ u/]sL lyOg\ . 

oL ;a} ultljlw cu|udgsf gfddf 

/fhgLlt ul//x]sf ;ft bn / d'n'sdf zflGt 

/ l:y/tf rfx]sf cGt/f{li6«o hut\sf nflu 

lg/fzfsf sf/0f lyP, t/ d+unjf/ e8\s]sf] 

hgcfqmf]zdf k|ltlglw;efaf6 k|:tfljt 

3f]if0ff ug{ l9nf] u/]sf]df ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf 

ePkl5 u[xdGqL s[i0f l;6f}nfn] tTsfn kqsf/ 

;Dd]ng u/L jofg lbPsf lyP, …laxLjf/ kSs} 

pQm 3f]if0ff ug]{5 ;/sf/n] .Ú o;/L bafadf 

cfof] pQm P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ff . oBlk To;sf] 

sfg'gL / ;+j}wflgs x}l;ot ljjfb d'Qm gx'g 

;S5 . 

…of] 3f]if0ff;Fu aflemg] ;a} P]g / sfg'g tyf 

;+ljwfgsf k|fjwfg :jtM vf/]h x'g]5g\Ú, Ps dGqLn] 

eg] . t/, pQm 3f]if0ffdf sfg'gL zlQm / x}l;ot 

lglxt gx'g] ljrf/ s]xL ;+ljwfgljb\sf] 5 . 

;/sf/n] u7aGwgleq ;xdlt aGg g;s]sf] 

cj:yfdf Zj]tkq hf/L u/L /fhfsf] zf;gdf 

ePsf] a|x\dn'6sf] Joxf]/f lbP klg To;n] p;sf] 

sfo{bIftfaf/] hgdfg;df ljZjf; pTkGg ug{ 

;s]sf] lyPg . a? ;bgdf 3f]if0ffåf/f …Goflos 

cfof]uÚ u7g ug]{ k|0f u/] klg s[i0fh+u 

/fodfemLsf] g]t[Tjdf …pRr:t/Lo 5fglag 

cfof]uÚ u7g u/L cfºgf] låljwfk"0f{ dgl:ylt

g]Djfªsf] ;efd'v rog k|lqmof / zky u|x0f 

ug] { /fhgLlts lg0f{oaf/] ;+j}wflgs k|Zg p7g 

;Sg] ;Defjgf 5Fb}5 . t/, ;+ljwfgljb\, 

s'zn /fhgLlt1 / åGå Joj:yfkgsf l;kfn' 

eg]/ sxlnPsf ;'jf;n] cfp“bf lbgdf 

k'ghL{ljt k|ltlglw;efnfO{ h'emf? / 

qmflGtsf/L sfod /flv/fVg ;Snfg\ < 

;ef gfos g]Djfª 

{ 

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…d ;'jf; g]Djfª s]xL ;docufl8 ePsf] eg]/ sxlnPsf ;'jf;n] cfp“bf lbgdf k'ghL{ljt ug' {eof] pxfFn] .Ú 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf cfTd;ft ub} g]kfnL k|ltlglw;efnfO{ h'emf? / qmflGtsf/L sfod sfg'gsf 1ftf, d[b'efifL, cfGtl/s åGå 

hgtfk|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /xL ;efd'v kbsf] /flv/fVg ;Snfg\ < tLg;ftf cl3;Dd ;ft ldnfpg l;kfn' g]DjfªnfO{ cfºgf] Ifdtfsf 

sfdsfh d'n'ssf] ;f]emf] lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/ /fhgLlts bn;“u ;8sdf h'emf? hgtf lyP, ;fy} hghflt x'g'n] klg Pdfn]sf] g]t[Tj tx;Dd 

gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, k"jf{u|x / v/fa efjgf cfGbf]ngaf6 ag]sf] ;/sf/ / k|ltlglw;efsf k'¥ofPsf] dfGotf /fVg]sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] 5 . Pdfn]n] 

glnO{ Odfgbf/L;fy ub{5' .Ú 

;f+;bx¿aLr vf;} leGgtf b]lvFb}gYof] . ;8s, ;'jf;nfO{ b'O{ b'O{ k6s /fli6«o;efdf /f]Hof] 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] andf k'gM:yflkt ;bg / ;/sf/ ;a} Pp6} k|tLt x'GYof], eg] @)%^ ;fndf k|lt:kwL{ /fhgLltaf6 

k|ltlglw;efsf] j}zfv @( ut]sf] a}7sdf k|ltkIfLljxLg k|ltlglw;ef . lj:tf/} ;8s, ;bg k|ltlglw;efdf Nofof] . @)%! ;fnsf] Pdfn] 

g]Djfªn] /f]:6«daf6 o;/L zky lnFbf / ;/sf/aLrsf] b"/L a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . cNkdt ;/sf/ u7g x' Fbf ;'jf; To; a]nfsf 

;f+;bx¿n] nfdf] ;do tfnL 7f]s] . g]kfn ;+ljwfg;ef;Dd k'Ug] k|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] ^ hgf /fHodGqLx¿sf] ;"rLdf t];|f] gDa/df 

clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& sf] /fhf;dIf k|ltlglw;efnfO{ g]Djfªn] stf 8f]¥ofpg] x'g\ < lyP, czf]s /fO{ / eLd /fjneGbf kl5 tyf 

zky lng] k|fjwfg / k|rng Tofu]/ /f]:6«daf6} ljlwsf] zf;gcg';f/ cufl8 a9fpg] ls k| ]dl;+x wfdL / xl/k|;fb kf08]eGbf cl3, t/ 

zky lng] P]ltxfl;s lg0f{o u/]sf]df /fhgLlts lg0f{osf] cf8df hyfefjL ug{ sfg'g /fHodGqLdf lgo'Qm ;'jf; Ps ;ftf 

;f+;bx¿ lgs} xf}l;Psf lyP / x+;d'v lbg] < dfcf]jfbLn] k"0f{tM c:jLsf/ ub} tTsfn glaTb} dGqL agfOP . sfg'gdGqL Gofokl/ifb\sf] 

;+ljwfgljb\ g]Djfª klg k'nlst b]lvGy] . vf/]hL x'g'k5{ eGb} dfu p7fO/x]sf] cWoIf x'g' kg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgsf sf/0f 

k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:yfkgfsf] b'O{ ;ftfsf] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ s;/L n}hfg] / slxn];Dd hLljt pgn] /fHodGqLaf6 km8\sf] df/] . b'Mvk"0f{ 

cjlwdf g]Djfªsf] ;efd'v rogsf] ljjfb /fVg] k|z:t r'gf}tL 5g\, g]Djfªsf ;fd' . e"ldut /fhgLlt u/]sf To; a]nfsf] dfn]sf 

aflSnFb} lyof] . hgcfGbf]ngsf 36s Pdfn] / ;'jf; g]Djfªsf] Ifdtf, sfo{s'zntf tyf g/d w]/} g]tfx¿ kl5 kfb} ;'jf;n] Pskl5 csf] 

sf+u| ]; -k|hftflGqs_aLr o; dfdnfnfO{ lnP/ Jojxf/k|lt u'gf;f] b]lvFb}g . sfg'gsf 1ftf ;'jf;, v'6\lsnf] 6]s]sf x'g\ . 

s]xL dnf]dflnGo / c;Gtf]if pTkGg ePsf] Pdfn]df Joj;flos kmfF6af6} /fhgLltdf k|j]z ;–;fgf åGå ;dfwfgdf cg'ejL dflgPsf 

klg xf] . ;ft bn u7aGwgsf g]tfx¿ ljjfb u/]sf x'g\ . sl/a #) jif{cl3 tTsfnLg dfn]df g]Djfª kf6L{df dxf;lrj dfwj g]kfn;“u 

;fd;'d kfg{ ;kmn eP / ;efd'vnfO{ leqleq} sfd u/]sf g]Djfª jsfnt / k|fWofkg glhs dflgG5g\ . o;}n] klg cfºgf y'k| 

/f]:6«daf6} ;f+;bx¿;dIf zky u/fpg] If]q x' Fb} @)$^ ;fnkl5 dfq v'nf /fhgLltdf cu|hx¿nfO{ pl5g]/ pgL dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsfdf 

qmflGtsf/L lg0f{o u/] . 

cfPsf x'g\ . ljBfyL{ sfnb]lv g} d[b'efifL ;'jf;n] cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . ca x]g{ af“sL 5– lgikIftfsf] 

g]Djfªsf] ;efd'v rog k|lqmof / zky xfF;LxfF;L qmflGtsf/L gLlt / lg0f{o ug] glhsaf6 kb dflgg] ;efd'v kbsf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x 

u|x0f ug] /fhgLlts lg0f{oaf/] ;+j}wflgs k|Zg lrGg]x¿ atfp“5g\ . nfdf] ;do g]Djfª;“u ;+ut ub} k|ltlglw;ef k|efjsf/L agfpg g]Djfªn] 

p7g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5Fb}5 . t/, ;+ljwfgljb\, u/]sf sfg'gJoj;foL xl/s[i0f sfsL{ eG5g\, …k];fdf s:tf] e"ldsf v]Ng] x'g\ † 

s'zn /fhgLlt1 / åGå Joj:yfkgsf l;kfn' /x]/ klg /fhgLltdf :yflkt x'g] e"ldsf lgjf{x ä ljZjdl0f kf]v/]n÷sf7df8f}

cfj/0f k|ltlglw;ef 3f]if0ff 

afOafO M ;efd'vsf ¿kdf lrqn]vf ofbjsf] e"ldsf 

ca ;lsPsf] 5 

p;n] k|bz{g u/]sf] lyof] . ;'/Iff k|d'vx¿;Fu} 

cGo jl/i7 k|x/L / ;z:q clws[tx¿sf] 

lgnDagn] ;/sf/ / cfof]udf j}dg:o k}bf 

eO;s]sf] ;"q atfpF5 . 

k"j{ dGqLx¿sf] lu/ºtf/L / pgLx¿lj?4 ;'/Iff 

sfg'gsf] k|of]unfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 dfgjclwsf/ 

cfof]usf ljz]if k|ltlglw Oofg dfl6{gsf] 

sfof{non] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] 5 . of] cfnf]rgf 

To; a]nf cfPsf] 5, /fi6«;+3 dxf;lrj sf]kmL 

cGgfgsf k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf ;fd'on 6fd|f6 

d'n'ssf] zflGt tyf dfcf]jfbL lg/:qLs/0f 

k|lqmofdf /fi6«;+3sf] ;Defljt e"ldsfaf/] cWoog 

ug{ g]kfn tyf ef/tsf] e|d0fdf /x]sf lyP . 

…ef/t ;DejtM ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] e"ldsf g]kfndf 

xf];\ eGg]af/] OR5's 5}g, t/ g]kfnn] klg o;af/] 

cfºgf] wf/0ff /fv]sf] 5}gÚ, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf 

Ps clwsf/Ln] ;donfO{ atfP . 

ut ;ftf g]kfndf k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yfkgfkl5 

d'n'sdf JofKt v';Ldf ;xefuL x'g cfPsf] blIf0f 

Pl;ofnL :jtGq ;~rf/ ;+3 -;fkmdf_sf] 

k|ltlglwd08n;Fu k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb 

sf]O/fnfn] ;/sf/ pQm k|lqmofdf ;+o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3Lo e"ldsfsf] kIfw/ /x]sf] atfPsf lyP . 

t/ of] dfldnfdf ;fd"lxs lg0f{o dfcf]jfbL 

…/fhf g/fVg] lg0f{on] ;a}eGbf v';L x'g]5'Ú 

d}n] slxNo} klg /fhfnfO{ ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt 

lbg] ;'emfj /fv]sf] 5}g, lnlvt of df}lvs 

¿kdf . h'g /fhfn] dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L 

b'Mv lbof], dh:tf] e'Qmef]uLn] To:tf] /fhfnfO{ 

k/dflwklt agfpg] sNkgf klg ug} { ;lQmgF . 

;ft bndf gofF ;fyLx¿ 5g\ / xfdL 

cufl8sf] Ph]G8fdf Ps x'g] k|0fsf ;fy 

Pp6f d~rdf cfPsf xf}+ . d Tof] 

;xdlteGbf aflx/ hfg ;lQmgF . 

xf] of] ;]gfnfO{ d}n] xbeGbf a9L alnof] 

kf/]sf] x' F, t/ ;]gf alnof] ePkl5 To;}sf] 

pkk|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL 

andf /fhfn] dnfO{ lgsfn]sf x'g\ . 

lul/hfafa';Fu d]/f] /fhgLlts dte]b eP klg 

d pgnfO{ k/dflwklt dfGg tof/ 5', To:tf] 

;xdlt ag]df . 

/fhfn] dnfO{ ;]gfsf] andf vf];]sf] d]/f] cf/f]k 

5 . To;}n] /fhfnfO{ k'gM To:t} zlQmzfnL 

agfpg'k5{ eg]/ d s;/L eGg ;S5' < of] 

;fdfGo 1fgsf] s'/f xf] . ;ft bnsf] ;xdltdf 

d afFlwPsf] 5' . JolQmut ¿kdf d eG5', g]kfnL 

hgtfn] /fhf g/fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lbg ;aeGbf 

a9L v';L d x'g]5' . ä 

jftf{df cfPkl5 dfq lnOg] ;+s]t b'O{ kIfaf6 

cfPsf 5g\ . otf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf k|d'v 

Kof/h+u yfkf tyf anflws[t ?Sdf+ub s6'jfnn] 

k|wfgdGqL sf]O/fnfnfO{ e]6L zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf 

k|hftflGqs kl/kf6L / ;+ljwfgsf] k"0f{tof ;dy{s 

/x]sf] cfZjf;g lbPsf lyP . ;fy} dfcf]jfbL 

5fkfdf/x¿ ;lqmo /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] 

;'/Ifflgsfox¿nfO{ xtf]T;fxL gagfpg klg 

cfu|x u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbL ultljlw vf;u/L 

ha/h:tL rGbf c;'nL / xfn} klg pgLx¿åf/f 

ul/Psf] Ps JolQmsf] xTofkl5 bn–dfcf]jfbL 

;dembf/Ldf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] ef/t klg 

pgLx¿k|lt ;z+lst aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;ft bnaLr 

cfjZos lg0f{o lng] / ltgLx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog 

ug] { Ifdtfsf] cefj, sf]O/fnfsf] :jf:Yo / 

dfcf]jfbL ultljlwn] ef/t;Fu} cd]l/sf / ;+o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3nfO{ klg lrlGtt t'NofPsf] b]lvG5 . 

sf+u| ]; k|hftflGqssf] ;+;bLo bndf b]pjfsf] 

k|fljlws ljhokl5 bnsf] Pstfdf vt/f b]lvP 

klg To;n] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g / 3f]if0ffsf] 

cg'df]bgdf eg] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . To;sf 

;fy} o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ffkl5 ck]lIft ;/sf/L 

jftf{6f]nLsf] u7gdf b]lvPsf] Jojwfg klg 

dlGqkl/ifb\ lj:tf/n] x6fPsf] 5 . t/, u7aGwg 

;/sf/sf] gLlt / 3f]if0ff sfof{Gjog Ifdtf, 

dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{, ;'/Ifflgsfo ;'wf/;DaGwL 

b[9tf tyf cfjZos ;+j]bgzLntf cflbn] 

p;sf] cl:tTj tyf efjL /fhgLlts uGtJo 

:ki6 kfg] {5 . k|ltlglw;efaf6 ul/Psf] /fhgLlts 

3f]if0ff t lbzf dfq xf] . ä 

z]/axfb'/ b]pjf

cfj/0f dfcf]jfbL 

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;/sf/eGbf l56f] o'4lj/fd 3f]if0ff / jftf{ ;ldlt 

;fj{hlgs u/]kl5 ljb|f]xL g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ 

-dfcf]jfbL_n] cfufdL /fhgLltdf k|efjsf/L 

pkl:yltsf lglDt cfqmfds cleofg yfn]sf] 5 . 

sf7df8f} +nufot ;x/L If]qsf leQf dfcf]jfbL gf/fn] 

/+lug yfn]sf 5g\ eg] p;sf hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿sf] 

;lqmotf x]g{ nfossf] 5 . ljBfyL{, dhb'/, dlxnf, 

blntnufot dfcf]jfbL hgjuL{o ;+u7gx¿ clxn] 

/fhwfgLnufot ;x/L If]qdf lbgxF cfGtl/s / 

afx\o sfo{qmddf Jo:t 5g\ . clwsf+z :yfgdf 

pgLx¿n] ;Dks{ sfof{no klg :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\ . 

;x/L If]qdf ultljlw tLj| kfg{ dfcf]jfbLn] ufpFdf 

lqmofzLn ;of} sfo{stf{ /fhwfgL leœofPsf] 5 . 

cfºgf] v'nf /fhgLlts kbfk{0f wdfs]bf/ 

agfpg dfcf]jfbLn] h]7 !( ut] /fhwfgLdf x'g] 

cfd;efsf] Jofks k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . 

s[i0faxfb'/ dx/f, b]j u'?ª / bLgfgfy zdf{sf] 

jftf{ tof/L 6f]nL ToxL ;efdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs 

x'g] atfOPsf] 5, clxn] . oBlk, To; a]nf;Dd 

zLif{:y jftf{sf] jftfj/0f ag]df cWoIf k|r08n] 

g} Tof] ;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ atfpF5g\ . dfcf]jfbL ;Da4 

cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf sf]iffWoIf o'j/fh 

rf}nfufO{ +sf] egfOcg';f/ …clxn] cfz+sfeGbf 

;dembf/Lsf] ;Defjgf k|d'v /x]sf]Ú x' Fbf pQm 

;efdf k|r08sf] pkl:ylt c;Dej b]vfpFb}g . 

;xofqL ;ft bnsf] ;/sf/;Fu dfcf]jfbLsf] 

jftf{ cl3NnfeGbf km/s /x]sf] !# g]tfnfO{ jQmf 

agfP/ ;fj{hlgs ug{ 'n] klg k|dfl0ft u5{ . 

h]ndf /x]sf dft[sf ofbjnfO{ dfq geP/ 

dfcf]jfbLn] o;k6s rf/dWo] b'O{ ;}Go 8]k'6L 

sdfG8/x¿ hgfb{g zdf{ -k|efs/_ / rGb| vgfn 

-anb]j_nfO{ klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . jQmf 

agfOPsfdf /f]Nkfsf] dfcf]jfbL cfwf/ Onfsf 

OGrfh{ g]qljqmd rGb -ljKnj_ nfdf] ;do 

/fhwfgLdf ljBfyL{ /fhgLlt u/]sf b]j]Gb| kf}8]n 

/ lxtdfg zfSo, hgdf]rf{ cWoIf /lx;s]sL 

kDkmf e';fn, hghflt g]tf uf]kfn ls/fFtL, 

efif0fjfh /fd sfsL{, hgfb]zsf k"j{;Dkfbs 

gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{, k"j{ lzIfs g]tf clUgk|;fb 

;fksf]6f, ;'b"/klZrdsf n]v/fh e§ / blnt 

;d'bfosf g]tf v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{ 5g\ . 

t/, ;/sf/k|lt dfcf]jfbLsf] cljZjf; k"/} x6]sf] 

5}g . j}zfv !! ut] /flt zfxL 3f]if0ffaf6 

k|ltlglw;ef k'gM:Yffkgf ePnuQ} ;ft bnk|lt 

gsf/fTds b]lvPsf] dfcf]jfbL clxn] lgs} ;sf/fTds 

ag]sf] 5 . h]7 ! ut] ;ft bnsf] zLif{:y a}7sn] 

k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff hf/L ug{ ljnDa u/]sfn] 

;ft bn / ;/sf/k|lt cfz+sf ug{ kg{ l:ylt 

sfod /x]sf] k'li6 ePsf] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x¿sf] 

egfO 5 . /fhgLlts lg0f{ox¿ l56f] u/fpg 

k|ltlglw;ef / ;/sf/nfO{ ;8ssf] bafa cfjZos 

b]lvPsf] klg To; 36gfn] :ki6 kf/]sf] 7x/ 5, 

pgLx¿sf] . oBlk, h]7 @ ut]sf] /fhwfgLsf] k|bz{g 

/ cfuhgLdf cfºgf] ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] bfaL dfcf]jfbL 

pkTosf zfvfn] u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ffdf 

/fhfnfO{ ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt agfpg] ljrf/ g]kfnL 

sf+u| ]; k|hftflGqs ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] /fv]sf] 

;fj{hlgs ePkl5 h]7 @ ut] /fhwfgLdf :jM:km"t{ 

¿kdf lj/f]w k|bz{g / cfuhgL ePsf] lyof] . 

jftf{ ;'? gx' Fb} cfºgf] dfu{lrq k|:t't ug{ 'n] 

klg dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/nfO{ bafa lbg] /0fgLltd} 

/x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . ut ;ftf klZrd g]kfnsf] 

ef/tLo ;Ldfdf ePsf] dfcf]jfbL a}7sn] …o'4lj/fd 

ug{ ], cfrf/;+lxtf lglZrt ug] {, jftf{6f]nL u7g, 

cfd /fhaGbLsf] l/xfO, jftf{ cf/De ug] {, k'/fgf] 

;+;b\, ;+ljwfg / ;/sf/ lj36g / vf/]h ug] {, 

/fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh / ljleGg If]qsf 

k|ltli7t JolQmTjx¿;d]tsf] k|ltlglwTjdf 

/fhgLlts ;Dd]ng u/L cGtl/d ljwfg / cGtl/d 

;/sf/sf] u7g ug] {, g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;a} ju{, 

hflt, If]q / ln+usf hg;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj 

;'lglZrt x'g] u/L lgjf{rg If]qsf] lgwf{/0f, e/kbf] 

cGt/f{li6«o ;'kl/j]If0f;lxt ;+ljwfg;efsf] 

lgjf{rg ug] / lgjf{rgdf cleJoQm hgdtcg';f/ 

hgd'lQm ;]gf / zfxL ;]gf;d]t ;du| /fHosf] 

k'g;{ +/rgf ug] {Ú dfu{lrq ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] . 

k'/fgf] ;+;b\, ;+ljwfg / ;/sf/ lj36gsf] dfcf]jfbL 

k|:tfjdf ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg geP;Dd 

k|ltlglw;ef lj36g gug{ ;ft bnn] atfPsf 

5g\ / dfcf]jfbLsf] dfu{lrqk|lt cfºgf] c;xdlt 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . 

;/sf/–dfcf]jfbL ;dembf/Ldf dfcf]jfbLsf] 

rGbf cleofg klg ;d:of aGg] b]lvPsf] 5 . 

pkk|wfgdGqL s]kLzdf{ cf]nL nufot dGqLx¿n] 

dfcf]jfbLsf] rGbf cleofgn] cfufdL jftf{df 

;d:of kg{ atfPsf 5g\ eg] dfcf]jfbL cWoIf 

k|r08nufot g]tfn] …hg;]gfÚ kfNg / pgLx¿sf] 

cf}ifwL pkrf/sf lglDt rGbf cfjZos ePsf] 

:ki6Ls/0f lbPsf 5g\ . jftf{ / ;xdlt cl3 

a9\bf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ p;sf] ;]gf kfNg cfly{s 

;xof]u ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v u/]/ cy{dGqL /fdz/0f 

dxtn] dfcf]jfbL afWotf km'sfpg vf]h]sf 5g\ . 

oBlk, !% dlxg] zfxL ;/sf/sf] zf;gsf sf/0f 

cfkm} cfly{s ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf] ;/sf/nfO{ 

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf lglDt ah]6 5'6\ofpg' ;lhnf] 

eg] 5}g . ä 

/fhwfgLsf leQfx¿ dfcf]jfbL gf/fn] /+lug yfn]sf 5g\ 

wdfwd sfo{qmd

cy{–/fhgLlt Zj]tkq 

cy{dGqL /fdz/0f dxt 

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ä dw';"bg kf}8]n÷sf7df8f} 5g\, ljleGg b]zsf] e|d0fsf gfddf . pgn] cl:6«of, 

hfkfg, sf]l/of, yfONofG8 / ;fpbL c/]ljofsf] 

hgcfGbf]ngsf clGtd lbg;Dd cfÎgf] lg/+s'z e|d0fsf nflu pQm /sd vr] {sf lyP, h'g /fhfn] 

;Qf arfpg] k|of;df zfxL ;/sf/n] /fHosf]ifsf] 

r/d b'?kof]u u/]sf] km]xl/:t ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs 

g]t[Tj u/]sf] ;/sf/sf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf k/]sf] 

lyPg . pRr:t/Lo e|d0fsf gfddf ;/sf/sf 

u/]sf] 5, Zj]tkqdfkm{t . /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf g/x]sf / /fhgLlts 

cWoIftfsf] ;/sf/åf/f ut ;fpgkl5sf gf} 

dlxgfdf dfq} ;Qf l6sfpg] bfpdf cfÎg} 

lx;fan] dxŒj g} g/fVg] clk|msL d'n'sx¿sf] 

ofqfdf /fhf 1fg]Gb| :jod\n] #^ s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ 

;/sf/n] agfPsf] ah]6eGbf aflx/ uP/ # ca{ u/]sf 5g\, hgtfsf nflu ;8s, lah'nL, :jf:Yo 

!* s/f]8 ?k}ofF b'?kof]u ul/Psf] 5 . 

cfGbf]ng rls{ +b} hfFbfsf clGtd lbgx¿df 

/ vfg]kfgLdf vr{ ug' kg] /sd s6f}tL u/]/ . 

ljsf;df vr{g' kg] /sd s6f}tL ub} ;/sf/nfO{ 

tTsfnLg u[xdGqL sdn yfkfn] sl/a ^ s/f]8 bL3{sfnLg cfly{s bfloTj af]sfpg] u/L 

?k}ofF dgf]dfgL 9+un] vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] 

@)^@ k'; !@ b]lv @)^# j}zfv % ut];Dd 

;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+Vof / ;'/Iff vr{df cTolws j[l4 

ul/Psf] Zj]tkqdf pNn]v 5 . @)%*÷)%( df 

b}lgs % nfv ?k}ofF /fHosf]ifaf6 lgsf;f u/fP/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+Vof ! nfv @! xhf/ # ;o ## 

cfGbf]ng bdgsf nflu vr{ u/]sf lyP . 

nf]stGq :yfkgfy{ cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf hgtfsf] 

/x]sf]df pgLx¿sf] ;+Vof j[l4 u/]/ ! nfv ^% 

xhf/ @ ;o ^! k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . d'n'snfO{ tLj| 

6fpsf]df uf]nL / nf7L a;f{pg clGtd ;dodf ;}Gos/0fsf] lbzftkm{ ws]Nb} of] jif{ dfq} zfxL 

klg tTsfnLg cy{/fHodGqL ¿k Hof]tLn] u[xdGqL 

yfkfsf] dGqfnonfO{ yk ! s/f]8 ?k}ofF k7fPsf 

g]kfnL ;]gfdf !) xhf/ ;+Vof ylkPsf] 5 . @)%* 

df s'n ;'/Iffvr{ !@ ca{ * s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] 

lyP, t/ yfkfn] k|x/L lx/f;taf6} Ps lj1lKt jif{ pQm vr{ !* ca{ (( s/f]8 ?k}ofF k'¥ofOPsf] 

hf/L ub} cy{dGqL /fdz/0f dxtnfO{ o;sf] k'li6 

u/L cfkm"dfly sf/afxL ug{ r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . 

5, t}klg ah]6sf] bfo/fdf tf]lsPeGbf aflx/af6 

ug]{ vr{ klg pRr /x]sf] 5 . Zj]tkqdf 

x'gt !* c;f]h @)%( otf hgtfaf6 p7fPsf] hgfOPcg';f/ ah]6df pNn]v g} gu/L ;}lgs 

s/sf] ;a}eGbf a9L b'?kof]u /fhf cfkm}n] u/]sf 

5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)%*÷)%( df /fhfn] !@ s/f]8 

ljdfg / x]lnsf]K6/ vl/bsf nflu # ca{ #) 

s/f]8 ?k}ofF yk vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . ylkPsf ;}lgssf 

^@ nfv ?k}ofF vr{ u/]sf]df rfn" jif{sf gf} dlxgfd} nflu ! ca{ @! s/f]8sf] yk bfloTj /fHodfly 

pgn] &% s/f]8 !@ nfv ?k}ofF vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . 

k|ltlglw;ef lj36g ul/Psf] @)%( ;fnsf] 

yf]kl/Psf] 5 . ah]6df ljlgof]lht /sd klg 

cTolws dfqfdf vr{ ul/Psf] 5 . r}t d;fGt;Dd 

t'ngfdf of] /sd ^# s/f]8 ?k}ofFn] a9L 5 . aLrsf !^ ca{ $% s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ ul/Psf] tYof+sn] 

b'O{ jif{ @)%(÷)^) / @)^)÷)^! df /fhfn] 

qmdzM ^! s/f]8 () nfv / %& s/f]8 ^ nfv 

ah]6sf] /sd vr{ ePkl5 k'gM u}/ah]6/L vr{ 

lgsf;f ug] dg;fo b]lvPsf] 5 . 

?k}ofF vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . hgtfn] kl;gf aufP/ /fhfsf] zf;g alnof] kfg] gfddf ;/sf/sf 

hDdf u/]sf] /fHosf]if df3 !( kl5 /fhfsf] JolQmut 

dgf]dfgLsf cfwf/df ;+rfng ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

ljleGg lgsfon] c/fhs ¿kdf /sd vr{ u/]sf] 

b]lvPsf] 5 . ljleGg lgsfon] cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos 

/fHosf]ifsf] b'?kof]udf /fhkl/jf/sf cGo 5 eGb} df]6f] /sd dfu ug] k|j[lQ g} a;fn]sf 

;b:ox¿sf] klg plQs} ;+nUgtf 5 . ah]6dfkm{t 

cf}krfl/s ¿kdf 5'6\ofOPsf] vr{afx]s o'j/fh 

lyP . j}zfv !% ;Dd ah]6 aflx/ uP/ ;/sf/L 

lgsfon] dfu u/]sf] & ca{ /sdn] o;nfO{ :ki6;“u 

kf/;n] sl/a ;ft s/f]8 ?k}ofF b'?kof]u u/]sf lrq0f u5{ . tTsfnLg cy{/fHodGqLn] ;Dej 

32 

k|hftflGqs ;/sf/n] k"j{jtL{ zfxL ;/sf/n] 

/fHosf] 9's'6Ldf hyfefjL u/]sf] n'6sf] kf]n 

vf]Nb} /fhfsf] lg/+s'ztf nDAofpg ul/Psf 

sfnf s/t't ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 

sfnf s/t't 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 

eP;Dd u}/ah]6/L dfu k"/f u/]sf 5g\, t/ 

;/sf/sf] cfDbfgL g} sd eO{ /fHosf]ifdf /sd 

hDdf gePsfn] dfq} ;a} dfu k"/f x'g kfPsf] 

b]lvFb}g . /fh:jaf6 k|fKt /sdsf cltl/Qm & 

ca{ !) s/f]8 ?k}ofF cfGtl/s C0f p7fP/ klg 

pgn] o:tf u}/ah]6/L zLif{sdf # ca{ !* s/f]8 

lgsf;L lbPsf lyP . 

dgk/L vr{ 

/fhgLlts bnx¿n] alxisf/ u/]sf] gu/ 

lgjf{rgdf @* s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . 

@)%^ ;fnsf] cfdlgjf{rgsf nflu #% s/f]8 

?k}ofF vr{ ePsf]df zfxL ;/sf/n] gu/kflnsfdf 

lgjf{rg u/fpFbf @* s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ b]vfpg'n] 

klg pgLx¿n] /sdsf] Jofks b'?kof]u u/]sf] 

k|:6 x'G5 . gu/ lgjf{rgsf gfddf /sd lgsf;f 

u/fP/ pQm /sd tTsfnLg dGqLx¿, ;'/Iff 

lgsfosf pRr kbflwsf/Lx¿, lgjf{rg cfof]usf 

kbflwsf/Lx¿ / lgjf{rgdf efu lnPsf 

lg/+s'ztfsf kIfw/x¿aLr efuaG8f nufPsf] 

cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;'/Iffsf gfddf

;'/Ifflgsfox¿nfO{ !$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ?k}ofF 

lbOPsf] lyof] eg] u[x dGqfnon] gu/ lgjf{rgs} 

gfddf sl/a # s/f]8 ?k}ofF lnPsf] lyof] . 

u[xdGqL yfkfn] :yfgLo lgsfo lgjf{rgsf nflu 

ljljw vr{ zLif{sdf ! s/f]8 %) nfv / r'gfjs} 

nflu ;jf/L;fwg ef8f / dd{tsf gfddf ! 

s/f]8 $% nfv ?k}ofF lgsf;f u/fPsf lyP . 

/fhfsf ;Nnfxsf/sf] e"ldsfdf /x]sf e/ts]z/ 

l;+xnfO{ ljZj lxGb' ;Dd]ngsf gfddf $) nfv 

?k}ofF lbOPsf] lyof], t/ /fhfsf cGo ;Nnfxsf/x¿n] 

;/sf/af6 slt /sd lnPsf lyP eGg] lx;fa 

Zj]tkqdf b]vfOPsf] 5}g . u}/ah]6 lgsf;fsf 

¿kdf pkfWoIfåo 8f= t'N;L lu/L / sLlt{lglw 

lji6sf gfddf !! nfv, e"sDk kLl8t C0f ldgfxfdf 

!% nfv (! xhf/, aGb x8tfn lgoGq0fsf gfddf 

^% nfv, Eof6 sfof{Gjogsf nflu k;ndf 

v6fOPsf ! xhf/ lg/LIfssf gfddf %) nfv / 

lu/Îtf/ ul/Psf /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf 

sfo{stf{ Joj:yfkgsf gfddf ## nfv ?k}ofF vr{ 

b]vfOPsf] 5 . /fhfsf] :ylut ePsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 

dxf;ef e|d0fdf klg %( nfv ?k}ofF vr{ ul/Psf] 

5 . pQm /sd xf]6n a'lsª /2 rfh{ eg]/ vr{ 

ul/Psf] 5 . b/jf/sf] …ehgÚ ufpg' g} ljleGg 

lje"if0f kfpg] of]Uotf agfOPsf] k[i7e"lddf ltg} 

lje"if0f agfpg $^ nfv ?k}ofF u}/ah]6/L vr{ 

ul/Psf] 5 . 

cy{dGqL dxtn] lg/+s'ztf ;+:yfut ug{ lgo'Qm 

If]qLo k|zf;s / c~rn k|zf;sx¿sf] vr{ eg] 

Zj]tkqdf pNn]v u/]sf 5}gg\ . xtf/df Zj]tkq 

agfOPsf sf/0f ;a} ljj/0f ;d]6\g ;Dej gePsf] 

pgn] atfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L lhNnfx¿df 

;'/Ifflgsfo / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ul/Psf 

vr{ klg Zj]tkqdf ;d]l6Psf 5}gg\, h'g /sd 

klg cTolws ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . 

kf08]sf] ] gfddf ! s/f]8 ## nfv 

/fhfsf] ;Qf arfpg cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfosf] 

;dy{g h'6fpg] gfddf ljleGg d'n'ssf] ofqf 

u/]/ tTsfnLg k//fi6«dGqL /d]zgfy kf08]n] ! 

s/f]8 ## nfv ?k}ofF “ b'?kof]u u/]sf] Zj]tkqdf 

pNn]v 5 . ;/sf/n] cf}krfl/s e|d0fsf nflu 

vr{ 5'§ofOPeGbf clws /sd vr{ u/]/ pgn] 

s/sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf lyP . k|hftGqsf] …lg/+s'z 

df]8]nÚ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfodf JofVof u/]/ pgn] 

g]kfnsf] a]OHhtL t u/] g}, /fHosf] 9's'6L klg 

gi6 u/] . Zj]tkqsf cg';f/ pgn] o; cjlwdf 

stf/, h]g]ef, kfls:tfg, ¿;, rLg / ;+o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3sf] e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf 

ljb]zL s'6gLlt1nfO{ cfºg} 3/df lbOPsf] 

ef]hdf vr{ ePsf] eGb} pgn] !% nfv ?k}ofF “ 

dfu bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . 

;+rf/sf gfddf a|x\dn'6 

/fhfsf] ;Qf arfpg cfqmfds ¿kdf k|:t't 

x'Fb} cfPsf tTsfnLg ;+rf/ /fHodGqL 

>L;z;;]/ /f0ffn] …/fi6«jfbL kqsf/ÚnfO{ @ 

s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF af“8]/ /fli6«o 9's'6Lsf] 

b'?kof]u u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo ePkl5 

/fhfjfbL kqsf/x¿n] /fli6«o kqsf/ dxf;+3 

u7g u/]sf lyP, h;n] !^ nfv ?k}ofF 

/fHosf]ifaf6 bf]xg u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o kqsf/ 

dxf;+3sf gfddf h;f]bf k|wfgn] rf/ ls:tfdf 

sl/a ^ nfv ?k}ofF lnPsL 5g\ eg] lg/f]w/fh 

kf08]n] !) nfv ?k}ofF lnPsf 5g\ . Zj]tkqdf 

pgLx¿n] /sd lnPsf] v'nf;f ePkl5 /fhfjfbL 

kqsf/x¿aLr g} ljjfb rls{Psf] 5 . k|wfg / 

kf08]n] pQm /sd cfkm"v';L vr{ u/]sf] cf/f]k 

nfu]sf] 5 . ;Qf ;dy{s klqsf kf]:g cufl8 

;fl/Psf] Psåf/ lj1fkg gLltaf6 g]kfn 

;dfrf/kqn] ;a}eGbf a9L kmfObf p7fPsf] 

5, lghL k|sfzg u[xdWo] . pQm klqsfn] #^ 

nfv %@ xhf/ ?k}ofF nu]sf] 5 eg] /fhwfgL 

b}lgsn] & nfv *& xhf/, lxdfno 6fOD;n] 

$ nfv *# xhf/ ?k}ofF “ nu]sf] 5 . uf]/vfkqn] 

eg] ^! nfv $# xhf/ ?k}ofF nu]sf] 5 . 

Joj;flos k|sfzgu[xx¿nfO{ ;Qfsf] cGw 

;dy{g gu/]sf sf/0f :jtGq ;dfrf/ 

;Dk| ]if0fdf ;d]t Jojwfg v8f ul/Psf] ] lyof] . 

;~rf/dfWod lgoGq0fsf nflu ul7t 

cfd;+rf/ sfo{bnn] @ nfv %& xhf/, rnlrq 

ljsf; af]8{n] *) nfv, g]kfn s]a'n 6]lnlehg 

;+3sf gfddf xl/z/0f nfld5fg]n] @ nfv, g]kfn 

rnlrq snfsf/ ;+3n] # nfv, /fli6«o 

;dfrf/ ;ldltn] ^ nfv, ;Dkfbs k|sfzs 

dxf;+3n] ;jf % nfv ?k}ofF /fli6«o 9's'6Laf6 

lnPsf 5g\ . 

vr{ s6f}tL 

cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n] dgk/L vr{ u/]sf sf/0f 

jt{dfg ;/sf/ cK7]/f]df k/]sf] 5 . cy{dGqL dxtn] 

rfn" cfly{s jif{sf af“sL b'O{ dlxgfsf nflu vr{ 

wfGg klg ;/sf/ cK7]/f]df /x]sf] l:jsf/]sf 5g\ . 

pgn] of] jif{ vr{ s6f}tL ubf{ klg % ca{ ( s/f]8 

?k}ofF ;/sf/nfO{ sdL x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . 

vr{ h'6fpg] cfGtl/s C0f lng' Pp6f ljsNk 

eP klg cl3Nnf] ;/sf/n] & ca{ !) s/f]8 

?k}ofF C0f lnPsf] 5 . ah]6sf] nIocg';f/ of] 

jif{ !! ca{ *% s/f]8 cfGtl/s C0f lng] k|fjwfg 

/x]sf]df ca $ ca{ &% s/f]8 dfq} af“sL 5 . 

of] /sdn] vr{ wfGg g;lsg] / yk C0f lnFbf 

ljQLo c;Gt'ng a9\g uO{ cy{tGq yk ;d:ofdf 

kg] { dxtn] atfPsf 5g\ . vr{ s6f}tLsf nflu 

pgn] dGqL / pRr ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿sf] 

ljb]z e|d0fdf lgoGq0f, ;ef, uf]i7L h:tf 

sfo{qmd s6f}tL, ;jf/L;fwg vl/b / ejg 

lgdf{0fnufotsf sfd tTsfnsf nflu /f]s]sf 

5g\ . t}klg dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] jftf{, ;+ljwfg;ef, 

k|ltlglw;ef ;+rfng, ;lxb / 3fOt] 

Joj:yfkgsf] vr{ /f]Sg ;Sg] cj:yfdf 

;/sf/ 5}g . ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 33

t:jL/x¿ M ;do 

/fhkl/jf/ vr{ cWofb]z lgliqmo 

tna 36\of] † 

s;n] eGg] < 

ä ls/0f e08f/L÷sf7df8f} 

/fhfsf] tna slt < /fgL, o'j/fh, o'j/f1L, 

clw/fhs'df/L, zfxHofbf, zfxHofbL nufot 

/fHosf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds kfpg] /fhkl/jf/sf 

;b:ox¿sf] tna slt xf]nf < ;+ljwfg;efn] 

/fhfsf] …kf]lh;gÚ l5gf]kmfgf] gu?Gh]n ;8sdf 

gf/f nfu] klg /fhkl/jf/n] k|rlnt sfg'gn] 

tf]s]adf]lhd vr{;'ljwf lnO/xg] hfgsf/x¿ 

atfp“5g\ . 

/fhb/jf/ vr{ Joj:yf P]gdf cWofb]zdfkm{t 

ePsf] cf+lzs ;+zf]wgn] /fhf / kl/jf/sf] 

kfl/>lds r'NofOlbPsf]df j}zfv @# ut]b]lv 

k'/fg} cj:yf sfod ePsf] 5 . /fhb/jf/ vr{ 

P]gdf cWofb]zdfkm{t ePsf] ;+zf]wgn] /fhfsf] 

OR5fg';f/ vr{ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /flvPsf] 

lyof] . j}zfv @# ut]b]lv pQm cWofb]z lgliqmo 

34 

/fhf, /fgL / /fhkl/jf/ 

ljlgof]lht yk 

@)%*÷%( ! s/f]8 * nfv – – 

@)%(÷^) # s/f]8 % nfv @ s/f]8 

@)^)÷^! # s/f]8 !* nfv @ s/f]8 

@)^!÷^@ # s/f]8 @& nfv @ s/f]8 

@)^@÷^# # s/f]8 @& nfv @ s/f]8 

/fhf;lxt /fhkl/jf/ ;b:ox¿sf] tna sfg'gL¿kdf Jofks 36] klg ;/sf/sf] df}gtf / 

b/jf/sf] a'em krfOn] Jojxf/df a9]s} kfl/>lds sfod 5 . 

] 

{ 

{ + 

ePsfn] k'/fg} k|fjwfgdf kmls{Psfn] /fhfsf] tna kfp“5g\ eGg] /ftf] lstfadf g} 5fKg' 

tnaeQf rf/ jif{ k'/fgf] cj:yfdf kms] {sf] 5 . kYof{ . nf]s]Gb|axfb'/ rGbsf] k|wfgdlGqTjsfndf 

pbfx/0fsf] nflu /fhfsf] tna km]l/ jflif{s $* /fhb/jf/ vr{ cWofb]z ;+zf]wg eP kl5 /ftf] 

nfvdf em/]sf] 5 . ha ls c;f]h !* nuQ} lstfadf 5flkg 5f8]sfn] rf/ jif{b]lv /fhf, 

/fhfsf] jflif{s tna ! s/f]8 @ nfv agfOPsf] /fgL / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:osf] tnaaf/] 

bfaL ;|f]tsf] 5 . cGo ;b:osf] klg ;f]xL ;/sf/;d]t cgle1 5 . 

cg'kftdf a9]sf]df ca k'/fg}df em/]sf] 5 . t/ /fhfn] k|ToIf zf;g lnPkl5 /fhf, /fgL 

/fhf, /fgL / kl/jf/sf] kfl/>lds k+rfotsfnel/ / kl/jf/sf gfddf b/jf/df lgsf;f x'g] s'n 

Psgf; /x\of], jL/]Gb|sf] zf;gsfndf @)$%÷$^ /sddf tLg ;oeGbf a9L k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g'n] 

df Psk6s ;fdfGo jl[4 eof] . pQm kfl/>lds ;a}sf] kfl/>lds ToxL cg'kftdf a9]sf] 7f]s'jf 

k|hftGqsfndf l:y/ /x\of] eg] 1fg]Gb|sf] rf/jif] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 5 -x]g{ 'xf];\ aS;– /fhf, /fgL / 

zf;gsfndf g} sof}+u'0ff j[l4 eO;s]sf] kl/jf/sf] kfl/>lds_ . /fhb/jf/n] ug] s/f]8f} 

;|f]tx¿sf] bfaL 5 . 

vr{df cl86 ;d]t gx'g] x“ 'bf pgLx¿n] aflx/ 

c;f]h !* zfxL sbdeGbf cl3 gNofPsf] ;"rgf k"0f{ ¿kdf uf]Ko g} /xG5 . 

/fhkl/jf/sf] vr{ kf/bzL{ x'GYof] . k|To]sn] slt t/ nf]stGq :yfkgfkl5 /fhf, /fgL,

o'j/fhnufot /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds 

36]sf] ljifodf cy{ dGqfnon] ;d]t d'v kmf]g{ ] 

lxDdt ul//x]sf] 5}g . cy{dGqL /fdz/0f 

dxtn] h]7 ! ut] k|ltlglw;efdf k]; u/]sf] 

Zj]tkq ;d]t o; ljifodf df}g /xg'n] la/fnfsf] 

3f“6Ldf s;n] 3G6L em'G8\ofpg] eGg] cj:yf 

cem} af“sL /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 . 

cy{ dGqfno ah]6 dxfzfvfsf sd{rf/L / 

cGo pRrkb:y clwsf/LaLr b'O{ ;ftfb]lv 

/fhf/fgL;lxt /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:osf] tna 

;'ljwf 36]sf] ljifodf rrf{ eO/x] klg To;nfO{ 

:d/0f u/fpg] lxDdt s;}n] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . 

/fhb/jf/ vr{ cWofb]z lgliqmo ePsf]af/] b/jf/ 

eg] cgle1tfsf] gf6s ul//x]sf] 5 . 

;|f]tsf cg';f/ /fhb/jf/ 9's'6L ljefu, vr{ 

ljefu nufotn] h]7 dlxgfdf klg k'/fg} 

sfg'gL Joj:yfg';f/ /fhkl/jf/sf gfddf vr{ 

u/] . cy{ dGqfnon] :d/0f gu/fP;Dd b/jf/n] 

o:tf] anldrfOF hf/L /fVg] cf/f]k;d]t nfu]sf] 

5 . P]gsf k'/fg} k|fjwfg nfu" ePkl5 cfufdL 

cfly{s jif{b]lv /fhkl/jf/ / b/jf/sf] vr{ 

cf+lzs kf/bzL{ x'G5 . 

lj1x¿n] vf/]h jf lgliqmo ePsf] cWofb]zn] 

h'g h'g k|fjwfg ;+zf]wg u/]sf] lyof] Tof] x6]/ 

k'/fg} sfod x'g] atfp“5g\ . dxfGofoflwjQmf 

sfof{no / sfg'g dGqfnosf cg';f/ vf/]h 

jf lgliqmo ePkl5 cWofb]zdfk{mt NofOPsf 

Joj:yf ;a} cdfGo x'G5g\ / cWofb]z 

cfpg'k"j{s} sfg'g nfu" x'G5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf 

o1d"lt{ aGhf8] eG5g\, …cWofb]z vf/]h ePkl5 

k'/fg} cj:yfdf kms{G5 .Ú gof“ sfg'g d:of}bf 

u/]/ cWofb]z NofPsf] eP vf/]hLkl5 tfj]bf/L 

;dfKt x'G5 . cy{ dGqfnon] casf lbgdf 

/fhb/jf/sf] vr{ kf/bzL{ ug{ ' kg] { pgn] atfP . 

cWofb]z vf/]hL jf lgliqmo ePkl5 To:tf 

sfg'g hf/L x'g'cl3sf] cj:yfdf kms{g] hfgsf/L 

sfg'g dGqfnon] lbPsf] 5 . vf/]h ePsf] s'g} 

sfg'g ljz]ifsf] gfd glnO{ sfg'g dGqfnosf 

;lrj 8f= s'n/Tg e"t] {n eG5g\, …^ dlxgfsf] 

Dofbleq cWofb]znfO{ cg'df]bg gul/Pdf jf 

vf/]h 3f]if0ff u/]df To;cl3 h] Joj:yf lyof] 

Tof] g} cfslif{t x'G5 .Ú 

/fhkl/jf/sf ;b:osf] tna s]–slt 5 eGg] 

hfgsf/L b'O{ dlxgfleq ;fj{hlgs x'g] lglZrt 

5 . rf/ jif{b]lv crfSnL ¿kdf al9/x]sf] 

/fhf / kl/jf/sf] kfl/>ldsdf sfo{ut nufd 

cfufdL ah]6n] lbg]5 . 

@)%* h]7;Dd /fhkl/jf/sf @# ;b:on] 

;/sf/L 9's'6Laf6 tna kfpg] u/]sf]df b/jf/ 

xTofsf08df * ;b:o 36]sf lyP . d'u'sf] 

/f/ftfndf ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/ b'3{6gfdf 

clw/fhs'df/L k| ]Iofsf] /x:ok"0f{ lgwg ePkl5 

/fHosf]ifaf6 tna kfpg]sf] ;+Vof !$ dfq 

sfod eof] . 

nfvf}+ kfl/>lds kfpg] gf} ;b:osf] 

c;fdlos d[To' x' “bf klg Tof] cfly{s jif{df 

c;f]h !* kl5 HofldtLo >]0fLdf j[l4 x'g yfn]sf] /fhkl/jf/ vr{ o;kfnf 

* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . /fhfsf] ;lqmo zf;gcl3 /fhkl/jf/sf] jflif{s tna 

! s/f]8eGbf sd lyof] eg] k~rfotsfndf %) nfv klg k'Ub}gYof] . 

k~rfot k|hftGq c;f]h !* kl5 

/fhf #^ nfv $* nfv uf]Ko 

/fgL @ nfv %) xhf/ !@ nfv uf]Ko 

o'j/fh $ nfv !@ nfv uf]Ko 

d'df a8fdxf/fgL # nfv @$ nfv uf]Ko 

clw/fhs'df/L @ nfv @% xhf/ # nfv uf]Ko 

zfxHofbf÷HofbL ! nfv %) xhf/ # nfv uf]Ko 

/fhkl/jf/sf gfddf b/jf/df hfg] /sddf 

s'g} sdL cfPg . /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] Psjif]{ 

zf;gsfn k"/f ePkl5 /fhkl/jf/sf gfddf 

b/jf/ hfg] /sddf HofldtLo >]0fLdf a9f]Q/L 

;'? eof] . /fHoaf6 tna kfpg] ;b:o ;+Vof 

rfnL; k|ltzt 36] klg z]/axfb'/ b]pjf ;/sf/ 

/ c;f]h !* kl5 /fhfsf] lgufxdf ag]sf ;a} 

;/sf/aLr /fhkl/jf/ kfl/>lds zLif{sdf a9L 

/sd 6qm\ofpg] xf]8afhL g} rn]sf] tYof+sn] 

k|:6 kf5{ . 

@)%( ;fndf h]7df k|ltlglw;ef lj36g 

ePkl5 cWofb]zdfkm{t cfPsf] ah]6df 

kfl/>ldssf] /sddf #)) k|ltztn] j[l4 eof] . 

cfly{s jif{ @)%*÷%( df ;+;b\n] ! s/f]8 * 

nfv ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df To;kl5sf rf/ cfly{s 

jif{df ;jf tLg s/f]8sf] xf/fxf/Ldf 

kfl/>ldsafkt e'QmfgL eof] . /fhkl/jf/ 

ah]6cGtu{t lx;fa gDa/ (%–#–($! af6 

rf/ jif{df yk !! s/f]8 /fhkl/jf/sf] 

kfl/>ldssf] gfddf b/jf/ lgsf;f ePsf] bfaL 

dxfn]vflgoGqssf] sfof{nosf] 5 . 

b]pjf ;/sf/ avf{:t u/L /fhfn] k|ToIf 

zf;g ;'? u/]kl5 /fhkl/jf/sf] kfl/>ldssf 

nflu To;/L rf]/af6f]af6 yk lgsf;f nfg ;'? 

ePsf] v'nf;f ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] Joo 

cg'dfgsf] ljj/0f -/ftf] lstfa_df @)%(÷^), 

^)÷^!, ^!÷^@ jif{sf] @ s/f]8 ?k}of“sf] b/n] 

To:tf] /sd /fhkl/jf/sf nflu uPsf] b]lvG5 . 

ljzfn cGt/sf] gof“ sLlt{dfg sfod ub} { rfn" 

cfly{s jif{df ;f]xL af6f]af6 kfFr s/f]8 

/fhkl/jf/sf] kf]N6fdf kl/;s]sf] 5 . 

…/ftf] lstfadf cGo zLif{sdf b]vfP/ b/jf/ 

lgsf;f lbOg] /sd ;Lw} /fhfsf] kf]N6fdf hfG5Ú, 

dxfn]vflgoGqs ;|f]t eG5, …/fhb/jf/ lgsf;f 

uPsf] /sdsf] lx;falstfa leq g} x'g] x“ 'bf 

xfdLnfO{ lj:t[t hfgsf/L x“ 'b}g .Ú ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 35

l/kf]6{ ;'/Iff sf/afxL 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkZrft\ o'lgkmfO8 sdfG8 

e+u eO{ ;z:q / hgkb k|x/Ln] zfxL ;]gfsf] 

cwLgaf6 5'6sf/f kfP . nfdf] ;dob]lv lvGg 

/x]sf hgkb / ;z:q k|x/Ldf v';Lsf] cfef; 

b]lvof] s]xL lbg, t/ /fodfemL cfof]u / ;/sf/n] 

k|x/Lsf] dgf]an Ifl0fs t'NofOlbP . 

/fodfemL cfof]un] xr'jfsf] e/df tLg 

;'/Ifflgsfo hgkb, ;z:q k|x/L / /fli6«o 

cg';Gwfgsf k|d'vx¿nfO{ lgnDagsf] l;kmfl/; 

u/]kl5 tL lgsfosf ;sn bhf{ b'vL ePsf 5g\ . 

csf] {lt/ /fodfemL cfof]us} gfddf dlGqkl/ifb\n] 

j}zfv @( ut] hgkb / ;z:qsf ^ pRr k|x/L 

clws[tnfO{ lgnDag u/]kl5 lg/fzfsf] cfotg 

c¿ a9]sf] 5 . 

lgnDag k/]sfdWo] ;z:qsf b'h{s'df/ /fO{ 

/ dfwj yfkf cfGbf]ng bafpg cdfgjLo 

lsl;dn] pBt ePsf sf/0f dfgjclwsf/ 

cfof]usf] ;d]t tf/]v v]lk/x]sf JolQm x'g\ . 

t/, lgnDagdf k/]sfdWo] ;z:qsf PcfOhL 

/lj/fh yfkf, hgkbsf PcfOhLqo 

/fh]Gb|axfb'/ l;+x, ¿k;fu/ df]Qmfg / s[i0f 

a:g]tdfly cGofo ePsf] cfjfh dl;gf] :j/df 

pl7/x]sf] 5 . 

hgcfGbf]ngaf6 :yflkt ;/sf/n] k|x/LnfO{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

] 

{ 

hgefjgf af]Sg ;Sg] agfpg sf]l;; ug' {kg] {df ;a}eGbf jl/i7 PcfOhL /lj/fh yfkf dfgj 

lgnDagn] k|x/L ;+oGqnfO{ b'vL t'NofPsf] a'lemPsf] ;+;fwg ljefusf k|d'v lyP t/ pgL cgfxsdf 

5 . o;n] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] dgf]andf gsf/fTds lgnDagdf k/]sf 5g\ . v'nf k|lt:kwf{af6 ;+o'Qm 

c;/ k/]sf] 5 . h]7 @ ut] yfkfynLdf ;fgf] /fi6«;+3 8«u Ao'/f]df Ps jif{ sfd u/]sf yfkf 

;d"xn] rf/j6f ;/sf/L df]6/ hnfPsf] Ps k|x/Ldf /x]sf ;Lldt af}l4sdWo]sf] cu|0fL gfd 

3G6f;Dd 36gf:yndf sf]xL klg k|x/L xf] . u[xdGqL s[i0fk|;fb l;6f}nf / k//fi6«dGqL 

gcfOk'Ug'nfO{ pgLx¿sf] dgf]an slt lu/]sf] /x]5 s]kL cf]nLsf] s[kf emfkf :yfoL 3/ ePsf jf;'b]j 

eGg] HjnGt pbfx/0f dfGg] w]/} 5g\ . cf]nLdfly lyof] xf]nf . 

k|x/Lsf] pkNnf] bhf{sf clwsf/Ldfly wfjf To:t}, tTsflng u[xdGqL / cfOlhkLåo 

af]Nbf kLl8t ePsf 5g\, PcfOhL /fh]Gb|axfb'/ sf/afxLdf kbf{ u[x;lrj afns[i0f k|;fO{ +n] lsg 

l;+x . ck/];g k|d'v elgP klg cfGbf]ng lSng lr6 kfP < Tof] csf] k|Zg ag]sf] 5 . 

cjlwdf pgL b'O{ ;ftf ljb]zdf lyP . /fh]Gb|axfb'/ l;+xdfly sf/afxL u/fpg / 

;dfgtfsf] Jojxf/ gePsf] pbfx/0f k|:6 clxn]sf] khgLdf k"j{ u[xdGqL uf]ljGb/fh 

x'g] pbfx/0f alg/x]sf l;+xnfO{ h'g ljefusf] hf]zLsf] xft /x]sf] cf/f]k;d]t nflu/x]sf] 5 . 

k|d'v ePsf]df sf/afxL ul/of], ;z:qdf ToxL b'g} sf08df l;+x dfg;/f]j/ uPsf] cf/f]kdf 

sfd ug] {nfO{ s]xL gePsf] dfq xf]Og, k'/:s[t tTsfnLg ;+:yfkgfn] sf/afxL ug{ vf]h]sf] lyof], 

g} ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] ;/sf/ gLlt lgodeGbf t/ tTsfnLg u[xdGqL hf]zL / cfOlhkL 

klg JolQm x]/]/ sf/afxLdf plqPsf] k'li6 cRo'ts[i0f v/]nn] /fhLgfdf lbg'k/]sf] lyof] . 

ePsf] 5 . 

o:tf ljifodf ;ts{ x'g' h?/L 5 . x}g eg] km]l/ 

;z:qsf ck/];g ljefu k|d'v PcfOhL bnx¿ ljjfbdf cfp“5g\ . 

jf;'b]j cf]nLn] ;a} vtdf cfddfkmLsf] dfnf ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] g]t[Tj ug] ;]gfnfO{ ;a} bf]ifaf6 

klxl//x]sf 5g\ . ;z:q k|x/L ann] cfGbf]ngdf pGd'lQm lbg], cfb]z kfngf ug] k|x/LnfO{ k|d'v 

w]/}sf] xTof u/]sf] / 3fOt] agfPsf] eP klg cleo'Qm agfP/ km]l/ Psk6s lgd'vfnfO{ cGofo 

To;}sf] lhDdf lnPsf cf]nL k'/:s[t ePsf 5g\ . kg] ;Defjgf 5 . ä 

lgd'vfsf] d'vdf 3f]rf] † 

lgnlDat k|x/L dxflg/LIfsåo ZofdeQm yfkf / ;xjL/ yfkf

t:jL/x¿ M t]haxfb'/ a:g]t 

l/kf]6{ ;z:q åGåkLl8t 

tLnaxfb'/ u'?ª 

lal;{Psfx¿ 

j]bk|;fb /]UdL 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf;Fu} d'n's clxn] zflGtsf] af6f]df cu|;/ 5 . ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL / ;Qf;Lg ;ft bnsf 

k|ltlglwx¿ åGå Joj:yfkgdf nfuL k/]sf 5g\, t/ of] qmddf ;z:q åGåsf a]nf a]kQf kfl/Psf / 3fOt] 

ePsfx¿nfO{ lal;{OPsf] 5 . clxn] pgLx¿ cfÎgf af/]df s;}n] ;f]lrlbG5 ls eg]/ cf; u/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . 

+ 

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…tkfO{ cf]5\ofg k/]sf] slt eof]

lzIff qmflGtsf/Lsf] sfo{qmd 

dfcf]jfbL ;dly{t ljBfyL{ ;+u7g clvn lyof], t/ Tof] z'Ns;Ldf nfu" ePsf] 5 ls 5}g ;'ljwf / cfoJoo kf/blz{tf hf]8bf/¿kdf 

qmflGtsf/Ln] b'O{ jif{cl3 aGb u/fPsf] sf:sLsf] eGg]tkm{ st}af6 cg'udg ePsf] 5}g . KofA;gn] p7fOPsf] 5 . 

lxn;fO8 af]l8{ª :s'n o;} z}lIfs ;qb]lv of] jif{ z'Ns ga9fpg] lg0f{o u/] klg w]/} dfp kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLn] eGb} cfPsf]h:t} ;+;b\ 

;~rfng ePsf]df ljBfno ;~rfng ul/Psf] ljBfnon] z'Ns j[l¢ u/]sf 5g\ . lghL / ;/sf/sf] vf/]h u/]/ cGtl/d ljwfg / 

s]xL lbgd} qmflGtsf/Lsf tkm{af6 ljBfnodf ljBfnodf ljs[lt al9/x]sf] s'/f af/Daf/ gcfPsf] ;/sf/sf] u7g u/]/ ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t 

tfnfaGbL ul/of] . 

klg xf]Og, Jojl:yt ug] { k|of; eg] clxn];Dd nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf hfg] lg0f{o cfpg'kg] { 

z}lIfs ljzfnahf/sf] cf/f]kdf qmflGtsf/Lsf] c;kmn 5 . lghL ljBfnodf ePsf eGg] /fhgLlts dfu klg k|d'vtf;fy p7fPsf] 

pbL{kl5 aGb ePsf d'n'ssf ;of} + ljBfno sdLsdhf]/L ;'wf/]/ Jojl:yt ul/g' kg] { KofA;gsf 5 qmflGtsf/Ln] . ljBfyL{ ;+u7g eP/ klg c¿ 

nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 klg v'Ng jl/i7 pkfWoIf ef]haxfb'/ zfx atfpF5g\ . kf6L{n] p7fPem} + u/L /fhgLlts d'2f p7fPsf] < 

;s]sf 5}gg\ . clxn] klg Onfd, kfFry/, /fli6«os/0fsf] s'/f c;Dej /x]sf] clxn]sf] cWoIf Gof}kfg] eG5g\, …/fhgLlts d'2fn] Pp6f 

wgs'6fnufot ljleGg lhNNffdf aGb ePsf cj:yfdf lghL ljBfnonfO{ Jojl:yt u/]/ af6f] g;dftLsg c¿ d'2f cl3 a9\5g\ eGg' 

lghL ljBfnon] o; jif{sf] gofF z}lIfs ;qdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug' { kg] { pgsf] 7DofO a]sf/ x'G5 . To;}n] /fhgLlts d'2fsf] l5gf]kmfgf] 

klg k9fO hf/L /fVg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . cleefjs 5 . zfx eG5g\, …ljBfno ;~rfng ug{ glbg' u/]/ dfq z}lIfs d'2fdf hfg'k5{ .Ú qmflGtsf/Ln] 

/ ljBfno ;~rfnssf] kxndf klxn] aGb eP/ / cfkm"n] 5fg]sf] ljBfnodf cfºgf aRrf k9fpg @)^) ;fn c;f/b]lv cfºgf] ;+u7gsf] gfdaf6 

clxn] v'n]sf ljBfnonfO{ klg qmflGtsf/Ln] kfOFb}g eGg' lgod;+ut s'/f xf]Og . o:tf s'/f rGbf glnPsf] hgfP klg d'n'ssf ljleGg 

aGb ug] { r]tfjgL lbO/x]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/Lsf c¿dfly ha/h:tL nfb\g vf]Hg'n] ;f]x|f} + ztfAbLsf] efudf lzIfs, sd{rf/Lnufot ljleGg If]qsf 

cWoIf n]vgfy Gof}kfg] lghL ljBfnon] ;dfhdf aa{/tfsf] emNsf] lbG5 . o:tf dfu hfoh dflg;af6 rGbf c;'Ng] sfd rln/x]sf] 5 . 

juL{o vf8n a9fPsfn] cfºgf] ;+u7gn] To:tf xf]Ogg\ .Ú 

qmflGtsf/Ln] kl5Nnf]k6s ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] 

ljBfnonfO{ kIfkf]if0f gug] { atfpF5g\ . pgL lghL ljBfnosf] /fli6«os/0fsf] ljifo 1fkg kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf dfudWo] s]xL c¿ 

eG5g\, …xfd|f] ;+u7g d'n'sdf b'O{ vfn] lzIffsf] qmflGtsf/Ln] w]/} klxn]b]lv p7fO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf dfu;Fu ldNbf klg 5g\ . 

cGTo rfxG5, To;}n] s'g} klg sf/0fn] klxn] d'n's cfly{s¿kn] hh{/ ePsf] cj:yfdf c¿ ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] p7fPem}+ ljBfno 

aGb ePsf ljBfno km]l/ v'nf ug] { xfd|f] gLlt vf;u/L ;x/L If]qsf lghL ljBfno aGb u/]kl5 ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmdsf] vf/]hL, z}lIfs 

n]vgfy Gof}kfg] 

5}g .Ú csf] {tkm{, clxn] rln/x]sf lghL ljBfno x'g] ljBfYfL{sf] rfk / sfo{/t lzIfs–sd{rf/Lsf] If]qnfO{ nf]stfGqLs/0f ug] {nufotsf dfudf 

eg] ank"j{s aGb u/fpg] kIfdf g/x]sf] klg ef/ y]Ug c;Dej k|foM 5 . /fli6«os/0f ;'Ggdf ;dfgtf kfOG5 . 

Gof}kfg] atfpF5g\ . o;af6 qmflGtsf/Lsf] lghL Gofok"0f{ nfu] klg Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ tTsfn j}zfvsf] t];|f] ;ftfdfq afuahf/df sfof{no 

ljBfnonfO{ x]g] { klxn]sf] b[li6sf]0fdf s]xL g/dkg ;Dej gx'g] b]lvG5 . jl/i7 pkfWoIf zfx /fv]/ ;lqmotf a9fPsf] qmflGtsf/L / c¿ 

cfPsf] cfef; eg] kfpg ;lsG5 . eG5g\, …lghL ljBfno ;~rfnssf] :jfYf{sf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7gaLr sfo{ut Pstf x'g] cj:yf 

d'n'ssf ljleGg efudf klxn] aGb ePsf nflu dfq v'n]sf xf]Ogg\, lghL ljBfnon] klg g/x]sf] ljBfyL{ g]tfx¿ atfpF5g\ . cg]/f:jljo'sf 

lghL ljBfno km]l/ ;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f ;fdflhs bfloTj lgjf{x ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fHon] cWoIf lvdnfn e§/fO{ eG5g\, …qmflGtsf/Ln] 

l;h{gf ul/g'k5{ eGg] dfu lghL tyf cfjf;Lo klg t ;/sf/L ljBfnodf nufgL u/]sf] 5 lg, p7fPsf w]/} dfu xfd|f dfu;Fu klg ldNbfh'Nbf 

ljBfno cu{gfOh];g -KofA;g_n] /fVb} cfPsf] v} t nufgLcg';f/sf] k|ltkmn

ljrf/ ;'/Iff lgsfo 

g]kfnsf] e"/fhgLlts cjl:yltsf sf/0f ;]gfsf] cfjZostf g} 5}g ls eGg] 

ax; klg ;'? ePsf] 5 . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] clxn]sf] ;+/rgf, cfsf/ / 

sfo{z}nL oflGqs, ckf/bzL{, lje]bsf/L, e2f / dflysf] lgufxdf rNg] ] 

ePsfn] o;nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] PSsfO;f} + ztfAbLsf] gofF cjwf/0ffg';f/ 

-hjfkmb]lxtf, pQ/bfloTj, kf/blz{tf, ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;}lgs–gful/s ;DaGw 

tyf gful/s k|zf;gsf] dftxt / lgb] {zg_ rNg] agfO{ of]Uotf, Ifdtf / 

bIftfsf] cfwf/df sfo{;Dkfbg / d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df ;+rfng ug' { kb{5 . 

k'g;{ +/rgf cfjZos ä 

8f= lji0f'/fh pk| ]tL 

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zflGtk"0f{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 d'n's ;+/rgfut ;'wf/df nufpg], tNnf] bhf{sf clxn] p7]sf k|d'v ljifo 

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;'/Iff / 

k//fi6«nufotsf ;a} If]qsf] cfd"n ¿kfGt/0fsf] 

sd{rf/Lx¿dfly ePsf / x'g] e]befj cGt 

ug] {h:tf ljifodf hg:t/af6 Jofks ¿kdf ax; 

clxn] g]kfndf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL eg]sf] 

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L / 

rf}af6f]df plePsf] 5 . hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ / eO/x]sf] 5 . ;]gfsf k"j{ hg] {nx¿n] klg o:tf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;du|tfd} k'gu{7g 

cfsf+Iff tyf PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ;'/Iff 

cjwf/0ffcg'¿k g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k'g;{ +/rgf / 

;jfn p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ eg] vf;u/L klxnf] 

;+s6sfnb]lv cfdgful/sn] ;]gfsf sf/0f ;'/lIft 

u/L ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/sf] cjwf/0ffcg'¿k 

hgpQ/bfoL, kf/bzL{ / plrt ;+Vofdf g]kfnL 

¿kfGt/0f cfjZos 5 . ;ft bn / x}g c;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ yfn] . ;'/Iffsf cGo /fli6«o;]gf / k|x/Ldf ¿kfGt/0f ug' g} xf] . 

dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf] afx|a' Fb] ;dembf/Ln] of] 

;jfn cufl8 a9fpg ;fdfGo ;}4flGts vfsf 

b'O{ lgsfo ;z:q k|x/L / g]kfn k|x/L klg o:t} 

vfnsf ljjfbdf 5g\ . 

;'/Iff If]qsf] k'g;{ +/rgfdf k|d'v ¿kdf 6' +uf] 

nufpg' kg] ;jfn lgDgcg';f/ 5g\ M 

klg k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . clxn] ;]gfsf] k'g;{ +/rgf clxn] hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k !_ ;]gfsf] ;+/rgf, cfsf/ / sfo{ljlwsf] d"Nof+sg 

/ ¿kfGt/0f cln sd a'emfOs} cfwf/df ax;sf] 

Ps k|d'v ljifo ePsfn] hgtfsf] 7"nf] cfsf+Iffsf] 

/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] ax;sf] ;'?jft;Fu} oL 

;jfn ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf p7]sfn] ulx/f] ax; 

/ k'gu{7g 

clxn];Dd ;]gfsf] ;+:s[lt, cEof; / afgL 

t'ngfdf ;txLh:tf] klg nfU5 . nf]stGqs} / ljZn]if0f u/L ;]gfsf] k'g;{ +/rgf / ¿kfGt/0f Joxf]/f JolQm s]lGb|t / k'/ftgjfbL ePsfn] 

d"Nodf @)^! Dff3 !( ut] /fhf 1fg]Gb|åf/f 

rflnPsf] clt dxŒjfsf+IfL sbd k"/f ug{ ;]gfn] 

v]n]sf] unt e"ldsf, hgcfGbf]ngsf] ljkIfdf 

plePsf] l:ylt / cfkm"nfO{ cfdhgtfeGbf leGg 

/ ljlzi6 b]Vg] ;f]rfO, gftfjfb, rfs/Lsf] ulx/f] 

;+:sf/ / ;]gfleq /x]sf] ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Jofks 

b'?kof]u h:tf sf/0fn] cfdhgtf ;]gfk|lt 

c;Gt'i6 5 . o;}n] klg ;'/Iff If]qdf Jofks 

kl/jt{g cfjZos b]lvPsf] xf], t/ s]xL 

oyfl:yltjfbLx¿ / ;]gfsf] glhsdf /x]sfx¿ 

eg] dl;gf] :j/df clxn]sf] hl6n cj:yfdf 

;]gfnfO{ rnfpg gx'g] ts{ klg ul//x] ]sf 5g\ . 

;]gf;DaGwL ;jfnx¿ 

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] gfd kl/jt{g, b/jf/sf] 

;}lgs ;lrjfno vf/]h, /fhfnfO{ ;]gfsf] 

ug'{ cfjZos 5 . 

;]gfsf] k'g;{ +/rgf / ¿kfGt/0fsf 

cfwf/e"t l;4fGtx¿ 

!_ hjfkmb]lxtf / pQ/bfloTjM ;]gf /fhfsf] 

;]jf / /fhd's'6k|lt jkmfbf/ x}g hgtf / hgtfn] 

5fg]sf] hgk|ltlglw kl/ifb\ -;+;b\_k|lt hjfkmb]xL, 

/fi6«sf] ;]jf / hgtfk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g'k5{ . 

@_ kf/blz{tfM /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf cx+ ;jfn / 

;/f]sf/afx]s ;]gfsf] cfr/0f, cfoJoo, 

;|f]t;fwgsf] k|of]u nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ultljlw 

kf/bzL{ x'g'k5{ . 

#_ ;dfj]zLs/0fM of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df 

/fi6«df /x]sf] ljljwtfsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 

;]gfsf] ;dfj]zL ;+/rgf x'g'k5{ . 

$_ ;}lgs–gful/s ;DaGwM ;]gfk|lt hgtfsf] 

/fhgLlts kl/jt{g;Fu} ;]gfsf] ;+/rgf, cfsf/ 

/ sfo{ljlwsf] d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df o;sf] 

k'gu{7g / cfw'gLs/0f clxn]sf] k|d'v sfo{ xf] . 

g]kfnsf] e"/fhgLlts cjl:yltsf sf/0f 

;]gfsf] cfjZostf g} 5}g ls eGg] ax; klg 

;'? ePsf] 5 . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] clxn]sf] 

;+/rgf, cfsf/ / sfo{z}nL oflGqs, ckf/bzL{, 

lje]bsf/L, e2f / dflysf] lgufxdf rNg] ePsfn] 

o;nfO{ ;'/Iffsf] PSsfO;f} ztfAbLsf] gofF 

cjwf/0ffg';f/ -hjfkmb]lxtf, pQ/bfloTj, 

kf/blz{tf, ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;}lgs–gful/s ;DaGw 

tyf gful/s k|zf;gsf] dftxt / lgb] {zg_ 

rNg] agfO{ of]Uotf, Ifdtf / bIftfsf] cfwf/df 

sfo{;Dkfbg / d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df ;+rfng 

ug' kb{5 . 

clxn] o'4 /0fgLltdf s]lGb|t /x]/ ;]gfsf] 

k/dflwkltaf6 cnu u/L ;}lgs kf];fsaf6 afx]s, ljZjf; / hgtfk|lt ;]gfsf] jkmfbf/L ;'lglZrt lj:tf/ eO/x]sfn] ;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+Vof wfGg} 

;]gfnfO{ ;+;b\sf] dftxt / k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb] {zgdf 

;+rfng, ;]gf kf/bzL{, hgcfGbf]ng bafpg] ;]gfsf 

x'g'k5{ . 

%_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLltM ;]gfsf] k'g;{ +/rgf / 

g;lsg] u/L a9fOPsf] 5 . ;]gfsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f 

ubf{ d'Votof b'O{ l;4fGtsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . tL 

k|d'v nufotsf clws[tx¿Dffly sf/afxL, ¿kfGt/0f hl6n / bL3{sfnLg c;/ kg] k|s[ltsf] x'g\ M sfo{ cfjZostf / ;|f]tsf] pknAwtf . 

dflyNnf] txaf6 ePsf k]6«f]n, 7]Ssfk§f, lgdf{0f, 

;}lgs xltof/, uf8L / aGbf]a:tLsf ;fdfg vl/b, 

x'g] ePsfn] k|:6 / /fli6«o ;xdltsf] cfwf/df 

bL3{sfnLg ;'/Iff gLlt agfO{ ;f]xLcg'¿k u7g 

clxn]sf] ablnFbf] kl/:ylt, ;]gfsf] ;+Vof lgwf{/0f 

ug] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/ / cGo åGå/t b]zsf] 

>LdtL ;+3sf ultljlwx¿df ePsf] Jofks x'g] /fli6«o ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] g]t[Tjdf ;]gf cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;]gfsf] ;+Vof #%–$) 

e|i6frf/ / sld;gsf] 5fglagnufotsf d'2fx¿ 

clxn] rsf] ¿kdf pl7/x]sf 5g\ . o;cltl/Qm 

kl/rfngsf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . 

^_ gful/s k|zf;gsf] dftxt / lgb] {zgM 

xhf/eGbf a9L cfjZos b]lvFb}g . o;/L eO/x]sf] 

;]gfsf] ;+Vof s6f}tL ubf{ s]xL hl6ntf cfpg] 

dfgjclwsf/ Jofks xgg ug] {x¿dfly 5fglag Goflos If]qsf] sfg'gL lgoGq0f / ;+;b\sf] gLltut x'Fbf o;sf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu :yflkt 

u/L d'2f rnfpg], ;]gfsf] ;+Vof 36fpg], ;}lgs 

sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf /x]sf] 7"nf] /sd ;]gfsf] 

/]vb]vdf ;}lgs ;+/rgfn] hgtfk|lt jkmfbf/ 

eO{ sfd ug' {k5{ . 

dfGotfcg'¿k sfd ug'{ kb{5 . h;df 

dfgjclwsf/ xggsf] d"Nof+sg, :j]R5f, cfly{s 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 39


Kofs]h, ;]jf cjlw, /f]huf/Lsf cGo ljsNk 

cflb k5{g\ . 

clxn] ;'/IffsdL{sf] 5gf]6, tflndsf] ljifo, 

l/kf]l6{ª, sfo{;Dkfbg, ;?jfa9'jf, d"Nof+sg, 

j}b]lzs tflnd tyf zflGt;]gfdf k7fpg] k|lqmof 

cflb cfw'lgs ;'/Iff ;+u7gsf] Joj:yfkgsf 

dfGotf / l;4fGtcg'¿k gePsfn] ;]gfsf] 

k'gu{7g ubf{ oL ;jfnsf] ;Daf]wg ul/g' kb{5 . 

@_ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] cf}lrTo 

;z:q k|x/Lansf] :yfkgf g} cNksfnLg / 

ljb|f]xL dfcf]jfbL lgoGq0fsf] p2]Zon] ePsf], 

o;sf] sfo{z}nL cfw'lgs ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf ljlw 

/ l;4fGtsf] ljk/Lt ePsf] -o;sf] kl5Nnf] 

k|df0f xf] ;z:q k|x/Ln] hgcfGbf]ng bafpg 

b]vfPsf] aa{/tfk"0f{ /j}of_, of] ;+u7gsf] 

:yfkgfaf6 ;'/Iffsf cGo c+ux¿df b]lvPsf] 

c;Gtl'i6sf sf/0f logLx¿aLr /x]sf] ulx/f] 

åGåsf sf/0f o; ;+u7gsf] cf}lrTodfly k|Zg 

p7]sf] / b]zsf] ablnPsf] kl/l:yltdf 

;'/IffsdL{sf] ;+Vof 36fpg' kg]{ cfjZos 

b]lvPsf] x' Fbf ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ;+/rgf vf/]h ug' { 

Jojxfl/s b]lvG5 . 

40 

clxn] /fHodf ;]gfsf] ;+Vof 

cTolws ePsfn] of] ;+Vof 

7"n} dfqfdf s6f}tL ug' { kg] { 

l:ylt 5 . To;}n] klg 

ePsfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf ;a} 

hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o 

;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug{ sl7gfO 

x'g ;S5 . pgLx¿nfO{ of]Uotf 

/ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df cGo 

If]q -k|x/L, ljsf; ;+/rgfsf] 

;'/Iff, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, 

;Lkd"ns cfocfh{g 

sfo{qmd_df ;dfj]z u/fpg} 

kb{5 . cGoyf 

hLljsf]kfh{gsf] plrt ljsNk 

gx' Fbf pgLx¿ km]l/ lx+;fdf 

kms{g ;S5g\ . 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 

lglZrt cfjf; If]qdf -Sjf6{l/ª / OgSofDkd]G6_ 

/fVg ;lsG5 . 

v_ xltof/ ;+sng u/L 7"nf e08f/x¿ 

-sG6]g/_df /fvL tfnf nufP/ cGt/f{li6«o 

;'lglZrtstf{ -Uof/]G6/_n] ;fFrf] /fVg] / ;Demf}tf 

sfof{Gjogkl5 xltof/ gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 . 

u_ lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ lgif]w If]q -gf] 

uf] hf]g_ 3f]if0ff u/L ljb|f]xL ;]gfnfO{ pQm If]qdf 

/fVg] / /fHosf] ;]gfnfO{ Aof/]sdf ;Lldt /fVg 

;lsG5 . 

t/ ljb|f]xLsf] ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg u/]/ 

dfq k'Ub}g . /fHosf] ;]gfnfO{ klg pgLx¿n] zflGt 

k|lqmof / ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf cj/f]w gk'¥ofpg] 

;'lglZrttf ug' { kb{5 . o;sf nflu /fHo / 

ljb|f]xL kIfaLr ;xdlt eO{ cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o 

cg'udg / ko{j]If0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 . 

%_ dfgjclwsf/ xggstf{ ;'/IffsdL{dfly Goflos 

sf/afxL 

;z:q åGå ePsf b]zx¿df dfgjclwsf/sf] 

xgg ;a}eGbf k|d'v d'2f xf] / of] ;jfnnfO{ 

cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 / k|lqmofcg'¿k ;Daf]wg 

ug{ /fHo / ljb|f]xL kIf ;xdt eO{ b'j} kIfsf 

dfgjclwsf/ xggstf{nfO{ Goflos sf/afxL 

ul/g' kb{5 . dfgjclwsf/ xggstf{nfO{ Goflos 

s73/fdf gNofP b08xLgtf a9\g uO{ Psflt/ 

ck/fw sfod /xg] / csf] {tkm{ kLl8t kIfdf 

cGofosf] kL8f /lx/xg] x' Fbf zflGt ;Demf}tf 

sfof{Gjog ug{ ;d]t sl7gfO kb{5 . 

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#_ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f 

clxn];Ddsf] ljZjsf] cg'ejdf ;z:q of] ;+Vof 7"n} dfqfdf s6f}tL ug' kg] l:ylt 5 . 

åGåkZrft\sf] ;dodf zflGt ;'/Iff sfod u/L To;}n] klg ePsfn] / dfcf]jfbLsf ;a} hgd'lQm 

b]zdf /fhgLlts l:y/tf agfpg k|x/Lsf] cx+ ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug{ sl7gfO 

e"ldsf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . s'g} klg ;dfhdf x'g ;S5 . pgLx¿nfO{ of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf 

gful/s;Fu glhs /x]/ zflGt ;'/Iff sfod 

/fVg] lhDd]jf/L k|x/Lsf] x'g] xF 'bf of] ;+/rgfnfO{ 

;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/sf] cjwf/0ffg';f/ hjfkmb]lxtf, 

pQ/bfloTj, kf/blz{tf / dfgjclwsf/sf] 

;+/If0fsf cfwf/df cfw'gLs/0f u/L r':t / 

k|efjsf/L agfpg' kg] b]lvG5 . o'4n] IftljIft 

;dfhdf zflGt ;'/Iff sfod u/L hgdfg;df 

cfzf hufpg k|x/Lansf] ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L gful/s 

k|zf;gsf] k|ToIf lgb] {zg / cg'udgcGtu{t 

/flvg' kb{5 . 

cfwf/df cGo If]q -k|x/L, ljsf; ;+/rgfsf] 

;'/Iff, j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, ;Lkd"ns cfocfh{g 

sfo{qmd_df ;dfj]z u/fpg} kb{5 . cGoyf 

hLljsf]kfh{gsf] plrt ljsNk gx' Fbf pgLx¿ 

km]l/ lx+;fdf kms{g ;S5g\ . 

dfcf]jfbL xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] ;jfn cfufdL 

lbgx¿df k|d'v d'2f aGg]5 . dfcf]jfbL / ;ft 

bnaLrsf] afx|a' Fb] ;dembf/Ldf of] ;jfn klg 

k/]sfn] ;}4flGts ¿kdf o;sf] nflu vfsf 

pknAw eP klg Jojxfl/s ¿kdf w}/} hl6ntf 

cfpg ;S5g\ . dfcf]jfbL xltof/sf] 

^_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLltsf] th' {df 

cfw'lgs ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff, 

kl/jlt{t /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / g]kfnsf] 

ef}uf]lns–/fhgLlts cjl:ylt;d]t cfTd;ft 

u/L gofF /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLltsf] th' {df u/L o;} 

gLltcg'¿k g]kfnsf] ;]gf / hgkb k|x/Lsf] 

k'gu{7g / ;z:q k|x/Lsf] vf/]hL, dfcf]jfbL 

…hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ¿kfGt/0f 

ug] {nufotsf ;'/Iff;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;jfnsf] 

;Daf]wg ul/g' kb{5 . 

$_ dfcf]jfbL xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg / hgd'lQm 

;]gfsf] ;dfof]hg 

clxn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg 

/ dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lg/:qLs/0f jf 

pgLx¿nfO{ /fli6«o ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg ug] ljifo 

lgs} rrf{df 5 . åGå/t b]zx¿sf] cg'ejn] klg 

k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5, olb b]zdf lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf 

ug] xf] eg] ljb|f]xL kIf;Fu ePsf] xltof/ / 

pgLx¿;Fu /x]sf] ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] ljlw, 

k|lqmof / ljsNk h:tf ljifodf ljz]if Wofg lbg' 

kb{5 . dfcf]jfbL;Fu clxn] slt hgd'lQm 

;]gf 5g\ / slt / s:tf k|sf/sf xltof/ 5g\ 

eGg] oyfy{ hfgsf/L pgLx¿afx]s s;};Fu 5}g . 

of] tYof+sljgf oL b'j} ;jfnnfO{ ;xL ;Daf]wg 

ug{ ;lsFb}g . 

clxn] /fHodf ;]gfsf] ;+Vof cTolws ePsfn] 

Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;du| kl/jt{g Joj:yfkgsf] Ps 

c+usf] ¿kdf x]l/g' k5{ . ljleGg åGå/t b]zdf 

ljb|f]xLx¿sf xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu vf; 

vf; ljlw c+uLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . gfldljofdf 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] cfºg} OGkmf];{d]G6 kmf];{åf/f ljb|f]xL 

/ /fHosf] ;]gf / pgLx¿sf xltof/nfO{ lgliqmo 

u/fO{ cfkm}n] lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fPsf] lyof] . 

c+uf]nfdf o'Pg c+uf]nf e]l/lkms];g ld;g / 

kl5 o'Pg ld;g Og c+uf]nf -;g\ @))@_ dfkm{t 

lg/:q ;]gf / k|x/Lsf ;fy} gful/s lgjf{rg 

cjnf]sgstf{ v6fO{ lgjf{rgdf /fHo / ljb|f]xL 

;]gfaf6 x'g ;Sg] xltof/sf] k|of]usf] vt/f 

Go"gLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . 

åGå/t b]zdf ljb|f]xLsf] xltof/sf] Joj:yfkgM 

s_ åGå/t b]zdf ljb|f]xL ;]gfnfO{ xltof/;lxt 

dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{ / ;Demf}tf 

;+ljwfg;efsf] ljlw, k|lqmof / k|ltlglwTj, 

dfcf]jfbL;Fu ePsf xltof/ Joj:yfkg / 

lg/:qLs/0fsf] ljlw / k|lqmof, ;'/Iff If]qsf] 

k'g;{ +/rgf, cfGtl/s ¿kdf lj:yflktx¿sf] 

Joj:yfkg, dfgjclwsf/ xgg;DaGwL 

5fglag;lxtsf ;a} dxŒjk"0f{ ;jfndf b'j} kIf 

;xdltdf k'u]kl5 To;nfO{ zflGt ;Demf}tf 

-lk; Ps8{_df ;dfj]z u/L xfnsf] ;/sf/ / 

dfcf]jfbL kIfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] x:tfIf/ 

ul/;s]kl5 Tof] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ b'j} 

kIf / gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw;lxtsf] 

zlQm;DkGg cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] u7g ug' kg] 

x'G5 . clxn] /fHosf] nflu of] lgs} hl6n / 

dxŒjk"0f{ ;jfn xf] . ä


cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgi7f / jkmfbf/L /fhtGqsf] 

cl:tTj hf]ufpg hgtflj?4 ;+ul7t jf kl/rflnt x'g xf]Og, 

;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;jf] {kl/ lxtsf] ;'lgZro / clwsf/ 

/Iffsf nflu x'g' kb{5 . hgtfk|lt pQ/bfloTj axg ug'{ gkg]{ 

dflysf] cfb]znfO{ xf]Og, hgtfsf] pmhf{af6 l;l~rt zlQmsf] 

cfb]znfO{ lz/f]wfo{ ug'{ kb{5– ;'/Iffsf tdfd c+ux¿n] . 

;'wf/sf] k|Zg ä 

d'n's olt v]/ hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx¿sf] lgwf{/0fh:tf] /fhgLlts txaf6 dfq lg0f{o lng' 

hu]gf{ / ;+:yfkgdf ;z:q anaf6 eljioko{Gt kg] { gLltut ljifodf klg ;]gf xfjL /xg uPsf] 

r'gf}tL cfpg} gkfpg] Joj:yfsf] ;'lgZro :ki6 5 . gful/s lgoGq0f gx' Fbf ;]gf;DaGwL 

ug] {tkm{ Wofgfslif{t x'g' :jefljs xf] . k|hftGqsf] ;"rgf r'lxg] ;Defjgf g} g/xg] ePsfn] 

;+:yfkgsf l;nl;nfdf ;z:q anpk/ ;~rf/dfWod / hg;fdfGon] t emg\ ;}Goansf] 

k|hftflGqs lgoGq0fsf] ;+:yfut 9fFrf dxŒjk"0f{ lgof]u / ah]6 5nkmndf ;+nUg /xg kfpg] 

/x]sf] x'G5 . lgjf{lrt ;/sf/n] ;]gfnfO{ s'g} u'Ghfo;} 5}g . /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;gsfndf 

cfkm"cwLg:y /fVg ljkmn ePsf] cj:yfdf hg;fdfGo / /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] zflGtk"0f{ 

l;h{gf x'g] ;}Go :jfoQtfsf] l:ylt cS;/ cfGbf]nglj?4 pEofP/ ;/sf/ :jo+n] ;'/Iff 

k|hftGqk|lts"n x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|hftGqdf ;+oGq / hgtfaLr b"/L a9fpg ;3fp gk'¥ofPsf] 

;z:q anh:tf] df}lns ;jfndf ;/sf/n] xf]Og . /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngsf qmddf zfxL 

hjfkmb]xLaf6 5'6 kfpg] s'g} dt jf efjgf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] olt Jofks k|of]u pQm sfneGbf 

k|wfgtfnfO{ 7fpF lbg] ul/Fb}g . To;}n] s'g} klg klxNo} ;fob} slxNo} ePsf] lyof] xf]nf . 

k|hftflGqs ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf ;z:q anpk/ lg/+s'ztGqsf] k~hf dha't t'Nofpg] / 

gful/s lgoGq0fsf] :yfkgf x'g} kb{5 . hgclwsf/ s'lNrg lsl~rt\ kl5 gx6\g] ;'/Iff 

;du| g]kfn /fHosf] ;|f]t g]kfnL hgtf /x]sf] ;+oGqpk/ hgtfsf] ljZjf; /xFb}g . To;}n] ca 

/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf Pj+ /fhsLo ;Qf g]kfnL hgtfd} ;'/Iff ;+oGqpk/ hgtfsf] ljZjf; a9fpFb} n}hfg 

lglxt /x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfn] ;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] ;f]r, z}nL / rl/qdf jfl~5t 

k'gk' {li6 u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] clek|fo hgtf ;jf] {Rr kl/jt{g cfpg' kb{5 . hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ k|d'vtf 

x'g\, hgtfafx]s c¿ sf]xL ;jf] {Rr x'g} ;Qm}g glbg] k'/fgf] ;f]r / z}nLaf6 ;'/Iff c+ux¿ 

eGg] g} xf] . To;}n] ca zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnufot d'Qm geO{ x' Fb}g . elg/xg k/f]Og, ;lbof} +b]lvsf] 

/fHosf ;Dk"0f{ c+usf] dftxt s'g :j¿kdf /xg] afgLaf6 pgLx¿ :jo+ d'Qm x'g ;Qm}gg\ . 

eGg] s'/fsf] 7]ufg hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] nufpg' cfufdL lbgdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgi7f / jkmfbf/L 

kg] { ePsf] 5 . kl/jlt{t /fhgLlts ;Gbe{df /fhtGqsf] cl:tTj hf]ufpg hgtflj?4 ;+ul7t 

g]kfnL ;]gf hgk|ltlglwd"ns lgsfocGtu{t jf kl/rflnt x'g xf]Og, ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfsf] 

cfpg'sf cltl/Qm To;sf] :j¿k oyfy{d} /fli6«o ;jf] {kl/ lxtsf] ;'lgZro / clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu 

x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . s'g} JolQm jf x'g' kb{5 . hgtfk|lt pQ/bfloTj axg ug' { gkg] { 

kl/jf/k|lt jkmfbf/ ;]gf /fli6«o x'g} ;Qm}g . dflysf] cfb]znfO{ xf]Og, hgtfsf] pmhf{af6 

/fli6«o cv08tf / e"uf]nsf] /Iff tyf l;l~rt zlQmsf] cfb]znfO{ lz/f]wfo{ ug' { kb{5– 

cfGtl/s zflGt ;'Joj:yfsf] axfnL g} ;]gfsf ;'/Iffsf tdfd c+ux¿n] . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] 

k|d'v sfo{ x'g\ . oL sfo{df ;]gfsf] of]ubfg s] sfg'geGbf /fhfsf] x's'dnfO{ k|d'vtf lbg] ub{5 . 

s:tf] /xFb} cfPsf] 5 Tof] ;lj:tf/ rrf{sf] ljlw;Ddt zf;gsf] k|wfgtf /xg] k|hftflGqs 

ljifo xf]Og . cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf zflGt ;'/Iff zf;gk|0ffnLdf x's'dsf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;St}g 

sfod ug{ vl6g] u/]sf] eP klg Tof] zfxL eGg] ;j{ljlbt tYo;Fu ;]gfsf pRrclwsf/Lx¿ 

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|fylds bfloTj xf]Og . ;}Go ckl/lrt h:t} b]lvG5g\ . zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf 

;+u7gsf] :j¿k, 9fFrf, cfsf/, xltof/ Joj:yf nflu g x's'dL zf;gsf lbg uP, g sfg'gL 

jf:tjdf /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ffaf6 lgwf{l/t zf;gsf lbg g} cfP . d'n'sdf o'ufGtsf/L 

x'g] ub{5, t/ b'ef{Uok"0f{ s'/f s] xf] eg] xfn;Dd kl/jt{g x' Fbf klg To;sf] xfjf zfxL g]kfnL 

xfdLn] /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug{ ;]gfdf l5g{ kfPg . kl/jt{gk|lt olt lg/k]If 

;s]sf 5}gf} + . /fli6«o ;'/Iff cjwf/0ff gePs} ;+u7gx¿ c¿ x'g} ;Qm}gg\ . 

sf/0fn] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+u7gfTds :j¿k, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf /fi6« / hgtfk|lteGbf klg 

lj:tf/, xftxltof/ Joj:yf, aGbf]a:t / cfsf/ lglZrt¿kdf b/jf/k|lt jkmfbf/ /xFb} cfPsf] 

lgwf{/0fdf dfq geP/ /fi6«sf] ;'/Iff k|fyldstf b]lvG5 . ;]gfsf pRrflwsf/Lx¿ bf]xf]/f] dfkb08 

>LsfGt /]UdL 

k|bz{g ug{ slQ klg lxrlsrfpFb}gg\ . aflx/ 

v'nf¿kdf ;/sf/k|lt jkmfbf/ /x]sf] 3f]if0ff 

ug{ k6Ss} a]/ gnufpg] ;]gfsf 

pRrkbflwsf/Lx¿ zfxL g]kfnL h+uL c•fsf] 

kl/;/leq l5g]{lalQs} lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] 

;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu if8\oGqsf tfgfafgf a'Gg 

yflnxfN5g\ . /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿lt ;}lgs 

clwsf/Lx¿n] Ps vfnsf] 3[0ff x'sf{Psf 5g\– 

dfgf} + tL cfºgf zq' x'g\ . zfxL g]kfnL h+uL 

c•fleqsf] kl/j]z g} 5'§} 5 . ;}lgs 

;+u7gleqsf sof} + jf:tljstf aflx/ cfpFb} 

cfpFb}gg\ . hg;fdfGosf] kx' Fr} x'g g;Sg] rf/ 

lbjf/leq slt cGofo, cTofrf/, lyrf]ldrf], 

clgoldttf / e|i6frf/ x' Fbf] xf] < To;sf] 

df]6fdf]6L nv sf6\g dfq ;lsG5 . h] u/] klg 

s]xL gx'g] ePsfn] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfdf 

b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf 5 . 

To;}n] g} ;]gfdf cg'Q/bfoL rl/q ljsf; x' Fb} 

uPsf] xf] . ;]gfdf r/d cg'zf;gxLgtfsf] efjgf 

5 . ljleGg bhf{sf ;}lgsx¿df cfkm"n] h] u/] 

klg s;}n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] ljZjf; alnof] 

x' Fb} hfg'df b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[lt g} lhDd]jf/ 5 . 

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfpk/ hgtfsf] cljZjf; 

r'lnFb} hfg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f hgtflj?4 dgk/L 

ubf{ klg ;}lgsx¿n] s;'/cg';f/sf] b08 ;hfo 

ef]Ug' gkg] { cj:yf g} xf] . ljz]if u/]/ a]cbaLh:tf 

;}lgs ck/fwdf dfq ;}Go Gofo ;Lldt /xg' 

kg] {df ;]gfn] u/]sf h:tf;'s} 7"nf ck/fw klg 

;}Go cbfntaf6} x]l/g] kl/kf6L 5 . o;n] ubf{ 

Gofok|zf;gdf hg;fdfGon] eGbf ;}Go 

kbflwsf/Lx¿n] ljz]ifflwsf/ pkef]u ub}{ 

cfO/x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . cem sltko pRr bhf{sf 

clwsf/Lx¿pk/ t ;}Go cbfntdf d'2f klg 

rNb}g, pgLx¿n] ;xh} d'lQm kfpF5g\ . zfxL 

g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;sn bhf{sf ;}lgsx¿n] kb / 

zlQmsf] b'?kof]u ub{5g\ eGg] xf]Og k/Gt' h;n] 

ub{5g\ pgLx¿n] klg ;hfo gkfpg] x' Fbf ;du| 

ansf] 5lj w'ldn x'g uPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;]gfsf] 

5lj ;'wfg{ zlQm / kbsf] b'?kof]u ug] { h'g;'s} 

txsf ;}lgsx¿pk/ ljgfdf]nflxhf sf/afxL 

x'g cfjZos 5 . k|hftflGqs /fHok|0ffnLdf 

;}Go zlQm /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] ;jf] {Rr c+u geP/ 

Pp6f cfwf/ dfq xf] . ;}lgsx¿pk/ v'nf 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 41


cbfntdf d'2fsf] k'k{If x' Fbf /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf 

;]gf To:tf] :yfgdf /xg klg ldNb}g . To;}n] 

cfFr k'Ug ;S5 eGg] e|fGt wf/0ffaf6 ca ;a} 

;]gfsf] :yfg lgwf{/0f x'g} kb{5 . eljiodf ;]gfnfO{ 

d'Qm x'g ;Sg' kb{5 . 

hgclwsf/lj?4 k|xf/sf] cf}hf/ aGg glbg] 

h'g cf} +nfdf ljif nfUb5, pxL cf} +nf] em5{ eg]em} + 

Joj:yf k|Tofe"t ug] { ;do oxL xf] . o; qmddf 

h;n] zlQm / kbsf] b'?kof]u ub{5 p;}sf pk/ 

;'/Iffsf ;Dk"0f{ c+usf] k'g;{ +/rgf / nf]stfGqLs/0f 

sf/afxL eO{ pxL bl08t x'G5 . Gofo k|zf;gsf] ;Qm}g . cfºgf] kb / zlQmsf] cfjZos 5 . /fi6« / hgtfk|lteGbf /fhf / 

;j{dfGo l;4fGt g} oxL xf] . ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] 

/fhd's'6k|lt ;b}j jkmfbf/ /xg]x¿sf] h'g z[ +vnf 

dgf]andf k|lts"n c;/ kb{5 eGg] axfgfdf b'?kof]u ug] { ;]gfsf s'g} tof/ ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ g eTsfpFbf;Dd ;]gf 

;]gfaf6 ePsf jf x'g] HofbtL / dfgjclwsf/ kbflwsf/Lpk/ sf/afxLsf] hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfsf] dftxt /xg] s'/f 

pNn+3gsf 36gfnfO{ ljgf s'g} sf/afxL Tolts} 

sNkgf klg ug{ ldNb}g . gfgLb]lv a;]sf] afgL 

kG5fpg ldNb}g . dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g ubf{ k|;+unfO{ ;}Goansf] g"/ jf xQkQ kl/jt{g x'g ;Qm}g . :jtGq, lgikIf 

5'6 kfpg] ;]gf gful/ssf] :jtGqtf / df}lns xf};nf;Fu ufF:g' cg'lrt / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 

xssf] ;+/Ifs x'g} ;Qm}g . cfºgf] kb / zlQmsf] 

k'g;{ +/rgf clgjfo{ 5 . 

b'?kof]u ug] { ;]gfsf s'g} kbflwsf/Lpk/ sf/afxLsf] xf:of:kb x'G5 . 

;]gf hgk|ltlglw ;+:yf dftxt /xg' kg] { / 

k|;+unfO{ ;}Goansf] g"/ jf xf};nf;Fu ufF:g' cg'lrt 

hgrfxgfg';f/ To;sf] ;~rfng x'g' kg] { s'/fdf 

/ xf:of:kb x'G5 . kb / zlQmsf] b'?kof]u ug] { bnan;lxt k|wfgdGqL lgjf;df hfg' dgf]j}1flgs ljjfb ug{ ldNb}g . ;+;b\ dftxt cfP/ cfºgf] 

kbflwsf/Lx¿pk/ sf/afxLsf] k|;+u jf:tjdf qf; l;h{gf ug{ vf]Hg' xf] . o:tf] sfo{sf] k'g/fj[lQ ;+/rgf / z}nLdf kl/jt{g x' Fb}df ' ;]gfsf] le8\g] 

;]gfsf ;a} pRrflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;dfg ;/f]sf/sf] eljiodf s'g} klg xfntdf x'g' x' Fb}g . zfxL g]kfnL Ifdtf 36\5 eGg' lans'n} ctfls{s s'/f xf] . 

ljifo g} xf]Og . To:tf] ljifo ;fd"lxs geP/ ;]gf hgtfn] ;Gb]x ug] { ;+:yfsf ¿kdf geP/ hgk|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yf dftxt ;~rflnt x'g 

lgtfGt JolQmut xf] . To:tf] ljifonfO{ ;fd"lxs e/ ug{ ;Sg] ;+:yfsf ¿kdf ;~rflnt x'g' / hgtfk|lt jkmfbf/ /xg kfpg' ;]gfsf nflu 

agfpg vf]lhg'sf] clek|fo h:tf];'s} ck/fw jf jt{dfgsf] HjnGt cfjZostf xf] . hgtf / klg uf}/jsf] ljifo x'g' kb{5 . lghfdtL 

HofbtL u/] klg ;'/IffsdL{n] d'lQm kfpg' kb{5 k|hftGqlj/f]wL if8\oGqsf/L / dWoo'uLg kbflwsf/Lx¿k|lt ;]gfsf] Jojxf/ slxn] klg 

eGg] x'G5 . 

dfGotfaf6 ;~rflnt x' Fbf;Dd ;]gfn] hgljZjf; dof{bfk"0f{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOFb}g, a? hlxn];'s} klg 

;]gfsf cTo'Rr kbflwsf/Lx¿pk/ sf/afxLsf] cfh{g ug{ sbflk ;Qm}g . 

x]kfxf vfnsf] x'g] ub{5 . ;]gfsf] HofbtL;Fu 

;Gbe{df pRr bhf{sf ;a} ;}lgs clwsf/Lx¿ ;'/Ifflgsfox¿ kl/jt{gsf] hgcfsf+Iffk|lt ckl/lrt ;fob sf]xL xf]nf . To;}n] ;]gf nufot 

;fd"lxs ¿kdf uDeL/ 5nkmndf h'6\g' eg]sf] ;b}j gsf/fTds x'g] u/]sf] Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . /fi6«sf cGo ;'/Iff c+ux¿df Jofks ;'wf/ gu/L 

k|sf/fGt/n] ;/sf/nfO{ wDSofpg vf]Hg' / cfºgf] cfkm"n] rfx]sf] kl/jt{g ;Dej t'Nofpg zflGtk"0f{ x' Fb}g . dflysf] cfb]z kfngfsf cf8df ;]gfsf 

kbsf] b'?kof]u ug' { g} xf] . hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 cfGbf]ng ug' { hgtfsf] g};lu{s xs xf] . kl/jt{gsf] clwsf/Lx¿n] pGd'lQm kfpg] cj:yfsf] cGTo 

cfºgf] kfl/>lds a'‰g] ;}Go clwsf/Laf6 x'g] hgcfsf+Iff kl/k"lt{df To;}n] ;]gf afws x'g' x' Fb}g . cfhsf] ;jf{lws cfjZostf xf] . To;f] x'g ;s]df 

kbLo b'?kof]u IfDo x'g ;Qm}g . cfkm"pk/ ;]gf hgtf / ltgsf k|ltlglw zlQmx¿pk/ k|xf/ dfq ;]gfn] hgrfxgfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug] { gful/s 

sf/afxLsf] rrf{ rn]sf a]nf k|wfg;]gfklt ug] { ;+:yf xf]Og . lglj{jfb /fli6«o rl/q u|x0f ug{ zf;gsf] ck]Iff ug{ ;Dej x'g]5}g . ä 

42 

dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g ubf{ 5'6 

kfpg] ;]gf gful/ssf] :jtGqtf 

/ df}lns xssf] ;+/Ifs x'g} 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

ljrf/ ;+ljwfg;ef 

rf;f] dlxnf clwsf/ 

;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] jf:tjd} cfTd;ft u/]sf x'g\ eg] 

dlxnfsf nflu Ps ltxfO cf/If0fsf] dfu g clt/l~ht dfu xf] g t cJojxfl/s g}, t/ 

dlxnfx¿df klg Ps¿ktf 5}g . dlxnf eGg]lalQs} km]l/ klg vf; ju{, hft / x}l;otsf 

dlxnfsf] dfq} af]njfnf x'g gkfcf];\ eg]/ s]xL ljlzi6 Joj:yf ul/g' cTofjZos 5 . 

{ 

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ä c~h' If]qL÷d~h' yfkf 

Ps ltxfO :yfgdf klg hghflt, blnt / cGo 

cNk;+Vos ;d"xsf dlxnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] 

@)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 lgld{t ;+ljwfgn] cg'kftdf ;d'lrt k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] :ki6 

dlxnfnfO{ sfg'gL clwsf/sf nflu n8\g] af6f Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 . o;sf nflu tYodf cfwfl/t 

v'nf /flvlbPsf] lyof] . dlxnf clwsf/jfbLn] 

o;sf] pkof]u ub} ;fdfGo n8fOF n8]sf klg 

eP/ k}/jL ug] sfd dlxnfx¿ / gful/s ;dfhn] 

ug' k5{ eg] To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug] sfddf 

x'g\, t/ lkt[;Qfn] cwsNrf] clwsf/ lbFb} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] Odfgbf/L cTofjZos 5 . 

dlxnfx¿sf] ;+3if{nfO{ e'Q] agfp“b} nUof] / 

dlxnfnfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] :yfgd} ;Lldt 

o;/L ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ps ltxfO :yfg dlxnfsf 

nflu cf/lIft ul/g' k5{ eg] csf] Ps ltxfO :yfg 

/fVof] . clxn] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngn] PskN6 k'gM ;LdfGtdf /x]sf hghflt, blnt, dw];L nufotsf 

cfºgf ;a} vfnsf clwsf/ ;'/lIft agfpg] 

qmflGtsf/L cj;/ dlxnfnfO{ lbPsf] 5 . o; 

cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf lglDt 5'6\ofOg' k5{, t/ of] 

Ps ltxfO eg]sf] tL ;d'bfosf k'?ifx¿sf nflu 

P]ltxfl;s cj;/nfO{ dlxnfx¿n] s;/L dfq cf/lIft geO{ To;df klg dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj 

pkof]u u5{g\ < 

;+ljwfg;ef To:tf] nf]stflGqs k|lqmof xf], 

s;/L u/fpg] eg]/ ;f]lrg' k5{ . cfh;Dd 

/fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs ;fy} ;a}vfn] ;/sf/L 

h;df hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿n] lgsfodf k/Dk/fut¿kdf ;dfhsf s]xL ;Lldt 

d'n'ssf] d"n sfg'g cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug] 

/ To;sf] cg'df]bg ug] sfd u5{g\ . hgtfsf] 

ju{n] zf;g ub} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . e]befjk"0f{ of] 

k4lt gtf]8L jf:tljs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cEof; 

;fj{ef}d;QfnfO{ jf:tjd} dfGo u/fpgsf nflu ug{ ;lsGg . To;}n] af“sL /x]sf] csf] Ps ltxfOdf 

klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] cfjZostf k5{ . t/ 

ljlzi6¿kdf dlxnfsf lglDt ;+ljwfg;efsf] 

dfq k/Dk/fut¿kdf zf;g ub} cfO/x]sf] ;Lldt 

ju{sf dflg;x¿ lgjf{lrt eP/ cfpg ;S5g\ . 

dxŒj lsg eGg] ljifodf ax; x'g ;ls/x]sf] of] kl5Nnf] Ps ltxfOdf klg dlxnf, blnt, hghflt 

5}g . ;+ljwfg;efdf dlxnfsf] s] s:tf] 

;xeflutf x'g' k5{ / To;n] lgdf{0f ug] ;+ljwfgdf 

/ cNk;+Vos lgjf{rgdf n8\g / ljhoL x'g ;S5g\ 

lsgls of] cf/lIft geP/ v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf nflu 

dlxnf clwsf/sf ;jfnx¿ s;/L ;Daf]wg 5'6\ofOPsf] :yfg x'g' k5{ . 

ul/g' k5{ eGg] ljifodf uDeL/ 5nkmn / u[ [xsfo{ 

x'g h?/L 5 . 

@)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;+;f/sf] pTs[i6 

;+ljwfg eGg] ul/G5, t/ n} +lus b[li6sf]0faf6 

o;qmddf ;+ljwfg;efdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] s]nfp“bf of] ;+ljwfg g pTs[i6 /x\of] g k|ultzLn 

:yfg cf/If0fsf] dfunfO{ Uof/]G6L u/fpg ;Sg' 

k5{ . x'gt dlxnfx¿s} ;d"xaf6 hg;+Vofsf] 

g} 7xl/of] . of] ;+ljwfgn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ k"0f{ 

gful/ssf] bhf{ lbg ;s]sf] lyPg . To;}u/L o; 

cg'kftdf dlxnfsf lglDt %) k|ltzt cf/If0fsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fhgLlts k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fpg 

dfu klg cfO/x]sf] 5 . t/, ;+ljwfg;efdf 

sDtLdf klg clxn] ## k|ltzt :yfg dlxnfsf 

k|ltlglw;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k|To]s /fhgLlts bnn] 

sDtLdf % k|ltzt dlxnfsf nflu pDd]bjf/L 

nflu cf/lIft ul/g' kg] dfu ;dofg's"n / cf/If0f u/]sf] lyof], t/ o;sf] glthf Jojxf/df 

ljj]s;Ddt x'G5 . /fHosf ;a} lsl;dsf 

lgsfodf dlxnfsf nflu Ps ltxfO cf/If0fsf] 

k|ltlglw;efsf (% k|ltzteGbf a9L :yfg k'?ifsf] 

lglDt cf/If0f u/]h:tf] eOlbof] . To;}n] ca x/]s 

dfu clxn]sf] ljZjJofkL dfuh:t} xf] . lgsfo / :yfgdf dlxnf lglDt kf“r–b; jf aL; 

;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;a} 

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] jf:tjd} cfTd;ft u/]sf x'g\ 

k|ltzt geO{ k"/} Ps ltxfO :yfg -pDd]bjf/L 

x}g_ dlxnfsf lglDt 5'6\ofpg} k5{ / o;sf] ;'?jft 

eg] dlxnfsf nflu Ps ltxfO cf/If0fsf] dfu g ;+ljwfg;efb]lv g} ul/g' k5{ . o:tf] Joj:yf x'g 

clt/l~ht dfu xf] g t cJojxfl/s g}, t/ 

dlxnfx¿df klg Ps¿ktf 5}g . dlxnf 

;Sof] eg] dfq dlxnfx¿ jf:tjd} g]t[Tjdf cfpg 

/ cfkm"df g]t[TjbfoL Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;S5g\ . 

eGg]lalQs} km]l/ klg vf; ju{, hft / x}l;otsf s'g} klg gLlt, lg0f{o jf sfo{qmd th' {df ug' 

dlxnfsf] af]njfnf x'g gkfcf];\ eg]/ s]xL ljlzi6 

Joj:yf ul/g' h?/L 5 . dlxnfsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] 

k¥of] eg] Ps ltxfO :ki6 lg0ff{os dt xf] . 

t;y{ dlxnfx¿sf] of] ef}lts k|ltlglwTjn] 

;+ljwfg;efn] agfpg] ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf 

clwsf/;Fu hf]l8Psf ofjt\ ;jfn :ki6 / 

;xL¿kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng 

;S5 . o;/L ;+ljwfg;efdf dlxnfx¿sf] 

pNn]Vo ef}lts k|ltlglwTjn] g} nf]stflGqs 

g]kfnsf] gof“ ;+ljwfgdf ;dtfd"ns 

k|fjwfgx¿sf] ;f/e"t k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt 

u/fpg ;lsG5 . 

obfsbf l6Kk0fL s] ;'lgg yflnPsf 5g\ eg] 

dlxnfnfO{ t]QL; k|ltzt cf/If0f g} ul/lbg] xf] 

eg] klg Tolt w]/} of]Uo dlxnf sxf“af6 Nofpg 

;lsG5 < vf;u/L /fhgLlts bnsf k/Dk/fut 

zf;s ju{df kg] { g]tfx¿af6 o:tf k|Zgx¿ 

p7fOg] u/]sf] 5 . cyf{t\ Jojxfl/s cefj b]vfP/ 

o; dfunfO{ k/ ;fg] { s"6gLlt g]tfx¿n] ;f]Rg 

yfn]sf 5g\, t/ o; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg 

;lsG5 . g]tfx¿n] eGg] u/]h:tf] ;+ljwfg;efsf 

;b:o aGg of]Uo t]QL; k|ltzt dlxnf olb 

/fhgLlts bnx¿leq 5}gg\ eg] cGo lj1 jf 

k];fut dlxnfx¿n] klg tL cf/lIft :yfgsf 

nflu r'gfj n8\g ;Sg] jftfj/0f ldnfpg' kb{5 

rfx] pgLx¿ bns} emG8fd'lg lgjf{rgdf plqpmg\ 

jf :jtGq¿kdf . Pp6f ;dfwfg of] xf] eg] csf] { 

bnx¿leq} klg of]Uo dlxnfx¿ 5g\, t/ pgLx¿ 

vfln bnleqsf k'?if zf;sx¿af6 cj;/ 

vf]l;P/ dfly p7\g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . o; 

cf/If0faf6 bnLo /fhgLltdf lbg/ft, 3fdkfgL 

gegL, vfOgvfO{ vl6/x]sf dlxnfx¿n] jf:tljs 

zf;g cEof;df efu lng] cj;/ kfpg]5g\ . 

o;/L ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ps ltxfO :yfgdf 

dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ef}lts pkl:yltnfO{ Uof/]G6L ug] { 

jftfj/0f agfpg clxNo}b]lv u[xsfo{ ug{ h?/L 

5 . o;n] ubf{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k'u]sf ltg} dlxnfx¿n] 

ef]ln ;+ljwfg agfpg] qmddf ;dtfd"ns ;dfh 

lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos k|fjwfgx¿ ;dfj]z ug{ 

ts{k"0f{ / ljj]s;Ddt k}/jL ug{ ;s"g\, ;fy} l;+uf] 

dlxnf ;d'bfosf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft t'Nofpg 

;s"g\ . o;/L clxn] dlxnfx¿sf] ef}lts 

k|ltlglwTjsf nflu cf/If0f dfUb} k}/jL ug' { hlt 

dxŒjk"0f{ 5, gof“ aGg] ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf clwsf/ 

/ n} +lus ;dtfsf] ljifout cyf{t\ ;f/e"t 

;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;Gbe{ klg plQs} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . 

o; ;DaGwdf klg dlxnf clwsf/jfbL / gful/s 

;dfhn] a[xt\ u[xsfo{ u/L /fhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ 

k/fdz{ lbg' k5{ . ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 43

;do 

cfly{s jftf{ bLk kf08] 

lzv/ OG:of]/]G;, :yfkgfsf] @) dlxgfsf] 5f]6f] t/, ljdf Joj;fo cfkm}df ;':t ultdf lyPgg\, t/ u|fxsk|ltsf] xfd|f] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf 

cjlwd} ;kmn ljdf sDkgLsf ¿kdf :yflkt cufl8 a9\g ;Sg] b]lvG5 lg < / To;af6 k|fKt ljZjf;sf cfwf/df xfdLn] 

ePsf] 5 . ;f9] @ s/f]8 ?k}of“sf nufgLstf{ xf], ljdfaf6 cfhsf] tTsfn k|ltkmn kfpg sl7g lbg klg ;lhnf];Fu kf/ u/]sf 5f} + . 

;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ agfpg clxn] pQm /sda/fa/sf] ;lsFb}g, t/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts jftfj/0fdf casf lbgdf xfdL g];gn :6\ofG88{df /x]/ 

;]o/ hf/L u/]sf] 5 . o;} ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] casf] 8]9b'O{ jif{df xfdLn] sfd ug{ ;Ifd 5f} + . 

;don] dxfk|aGws bLk kf08];Fu u/]sf] w]/} pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;S5f} + eGg] dnfO{ 

s'/fsfgLsf d'Vo c+zM 

nfU5 . h:tf] ca xfdLnfO{ l/–OG:of]/]G;sf t/, ljdfsf gLltx¿ /fli6«o ¿kdf lgb] {lzt 

nflu ;lhnf] x'g]5 . lsgeg] o;af6 hf]lvdx¿ x'G5g\, ;a}sf nflu . h:tf] ls df]6/ 

lzv/ OG:of]/]G;sf] ;]o/df ;j{;fwf/0fn] sd x'G5g\ / ljb]zL ljdf sDkgLx¿ ljdfsf] z'Ns cTolws j[l4 xF 'bf dWodjuL{o 

nufgL ug{ plrt 5 eg]/ pgLx¿n] s;/L l/–OG:of]/]G;sf nflu tof/ x'G5g\ . o; u|fxs t x}/fg alg/x]sf 5g\ lg < 

ljZjf; ug]{ < 

Joj;fodf ul/Psf nufgL klg lkmtf{ x' Fb} hfG5g\ . xf], jf:tjdf eGg'x'G5 eg] df]6/ ljdf 

lzv/ OG:of]/]G;sf] s'n r'Qmfk' “hL ;f9] !@ 

olt w]/} eof] ls dnfO{ t nfh g} nfu]sf] 

s/f]8 ?k}ofF k'¥ofpg] ;Gbe{df k|df]6/x¿af6 ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g -8An'l6cf]_sf k|fjwfg 5 . Pp6f JolQmn] !@ nfv ?k}ofFsf] uf8L 

!) s/f]8 ?k}ofF nufgL ePsf] 5 . af“sL /x]sf] nfu" x'g] lbg glhlsFbf g]kfnL ljdf lsGof] eg] p;n] dfl;s ;f9] tLg xhf/ 

;f9] @ s/f]8 ?k}ofF ;j{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{sf Joj;foLx¿ ;r]t /xg' kg]{ cfjZostf b]Vg' ?k}ofF;Dd ljdfsf nflu ltg' { k5{ . p;sf 

nflu xfdLn] 5'6\ofPsf 5f} + . ;f]xLcg';f/ clxn] x'Gg < 

cGo bfloTj klg x'G5g\ . To;}n] xfdLn] of] 

;]o/ lgisfzg ul/Psf] xf] . 

lglZrt ¿kdf 5 . tLg jif{df cGt/f{li6«o ljdf z'Nsdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g' k5{ eGg] 

lzv/ OG:of]/]G; :yfkgfsf] klxnf] jif{df ljdf sDkgLx¿;Fu k|lt:kwf{df hfg ;Sg] dfGotfsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt lgsfodf 

@@ nfv ?k}ofF v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g ug{ ;kmn x}l;ot xfdLn] agfpg' k5{ . To;sf nflu cfjfh p7fO/x]sf 5f}+ . cfzf 5, o;df 

ePsf] 5 . rfn" jif{df Po/nfOG; ;]S6/af6 g]kfnsf ljdf sDkgLx¿ Psfk;df …dh{Ú x'g' k'g/fjnf]sg x'g]5 . s;}nfO{ klg afWo agfP/ 

!! s/f]8 / cGo If]qaf6 sl/a !@ s/f]8 u/L h?/L b]V5' d . ljb]zL sDkgLsf] t'ngfdf lahg]; rN5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . 

sl/a @# s/f]8 ?k}ofF lk|ldo/ p7fpg] nIo xfdL;Fu k' “hL, hgzlQm nufotsf kIfx¿ 

/fv]sf 5f} + . o;af6 sDkgLn] sl/a ! s/f]8 sdhf]/ 5g\ / xfd|f] lj1tf klg . o:tf] cGTodf, /fhgLlts kl/jt{gn] ljdf 

?k}ofF d'gfkmf cfh{g ug] {5 . dnfO{ s] ljZjf; cj:yfdf pgLx¿;Fu k|lt:kwf{df hfgsf nflu Joj;fodf s:tf] c;/ knf{ < 

5 eg] csf] { jif{ xfdL ;]o/ nufgLstf{nfO{ xfdL;Fu ePsf] Ifdtf a9fpg' h?/L x'G5 / d'n'sdf zflGt ;'/Iff / /fhgLlts 

nfef+z afF8\g ;Ifd x'g]5f} + . 

Tof] sfd sDkgL …dh{Úsf dfWodaf6 ug{ ;S5f} + . l:y/tfn] cfly{s ljsf; a9]/ hfg]5 . o;n] 

xfdL ls clt sdhf]/ x'g tof/ x'g' k¥of] ls cfly{s ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ kIfdf ;sf/fTds 

lzv/ OG:of]/]G;n] 5f]6f] ;dod} ;kmntf …dh{Úsf nflu . 

of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5 eGg] ljZjf; ug{ 

xfl;n ug{ s;/L ;Dej eof] < 

;lsG5 . cfly{s ;d[l4kl5 dflg;x¿n] 

o;df l6d js{n] g} ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ lzv/ of] k|lqmofdf uPsf] xf] < ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt dx;'; ug'{ 

e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . xfdL …jg Dofg xfdL] o; ljifodf uDeL/tfk"j{s ;f]Rb} 5f} + . :jefljs} xf], h'g ;]jf ljdf Joj;fon] 

;f]Údf ljZjf; /fVb}gf} + . sDkgLsf] pGgltsf w]/} sDkgLx¿eGbf lglZrt sDkgLaf6 pknAw u/fpg]5 . To;sf ;fy} ljsf; 

nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;d"xsf] ;fd"lxs k|of;n] dfq} u|fxsnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k'¥ofpg' /fd|f] x'G5 lgdf{0fsf of]hgf cufl8 a9\bf :jefljs} 

;Dej x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdLn] Jojxf/df ptf/]sf eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 . 

¿kdf tL If]q ljdfsf] bfo/fdf cfpg]5g\, 

5f} + . u|fxs ;]jfk|ltsf] ;dk{0f xfd|f] ;kmntfsf] 

h;n] ljdf Joj;fosf] ljsf;df of]ubfg 

csf]{ s8L xf] . k|df]6/x¿sf] ljZjf; / lzv/n] vf; of]hgf cufl8 NofpFb} 5 < k'¥ofpF5g\ . sltko If]qdf hf]lvd 36\g] 

lgb] {zsx¿sf] s'zn Joj;flos Ifdtf, oL u|fxssf] ;]jf g} ljdf Joj;fosf] st{Jo xf] x'Fbf ljdf ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; 

;a} kIf x'g\, lzv/ OG:of]/]G;nfO{ ;kmntfsf] / xfdL of] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ sl6a4 5f} + . gul/Pnf, t/ dnfO{ nfU5, o;sf] t'ngfdf 

dfu{df 8f]¥ofpg] . 

lat]sf @) dlxgf xfd|f nflu Tolt ;lhnf ljdfsf] bfo/f c¿ a9\g]5 . ä 

44 

…l6d js{n] ;kmntf kfof} +Ú 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

v]ns'b JolQmTj 

o'j/fhb]lv g} ;kmfO x'g'k5{ 

;DejtM g]kfnL v]ns'bdf pgL hltsf] 

hfgsf/ ;fob} 5g\ . g]kfndf v]ns'bsf] dxŒj 

lsg / slt 5 < ;DejtM o;sf] :ki6 pQ/ 

klg pgL;Fu} 5 . v]ns'bdf pgL 6]s/fhsf] 

gfdn] lrlgg] u5{g\, t/ pgsf] jf:tljs 

gfd xf], k|bLk hf]zL . pgL ljut b'O{ bzsb]lv 

g]kfnL v]ns'bdf JofKt e|i6frf/, x's'dL z}nL 

/ tby{jfbsf] lj/f]w ug] { Psdfq JolQmTjsf] 

¿kdf lrlgFb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . oltdfq xf]Og, 

df3 !( kl5 /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] k|ToIf zf;gdf 

o'j/fh kf/; ;+/Ifs /x]sf] /fli6«o v]ns'b 

kl/ifb\ -/fv]k_n] k|ltaGw nufPsf] Psdfq 

;+3 clvn g]kfn t]SjfGbf] ;+3 -PG6f_sf 

cWoIf klg x'g\ pgL . 

k|bLk hf]zL, g]kfnL t]SjfGbf]sf klxnf] k|lzIfs, 

h;n] ef/tsf g]kfnLd"nsf la|l6; nfx'/] k"0f{ 

PG8«Ø'h u'?ª, ef/tLo t]SjfGbf] ;+3sf k"j{ 

cWoIf lhdL cf/ hultofgLkl5 blIf0f Pl;ofdf 

t];|f] gDa/df jl/i7 8fg ;l6{lkms]6 lng] uf}/j 

c+uLsf/ u/]sf lyP . xfn $@ jif{sf] pd]/df 

klg plQs} ;lqmo 5g\, zfxL gft]bf/ / 

d08n]x¿sf] k"0f{ sAhfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL 

v]ns'bnfO{ pGd'lQm lbg . k|bLk g]kfnL v]ns'bsf 

Psdfq o:tf k|lzIfs x'g\, h;n] @)$# ;fndf 

zlQmzfnL dflgg] tTsfnLg ;b:o–;lrj 

z/brGb| zfxsf] tyfslyt v]ngLltsf] 

;fj{hlgs¿kd} cfnf]rgf u/]sf lyP . v]ns'bdf 

z/brGb|n] ;+:yfut u/]sf] e|i6frf/, nfu"cf}ifw 

t:s/L / d08n]s/0fsf] e08fkmf]/ u/]afkt pgn] 

tLg jif{ ef/t k|jf;df hLjg latfpg' k/]sf] 

lyof] . pgs} ljb|f]xsf] sf/0f @)#( ;fnb]lv 

v]ns'bsf] gfddf cgfjZos¿kdf nflbPsf] 

s/ p7fpg] k|yfsf] cGTo ePsf] lyof] . 

z/brGb|n] @)#( b]lv @)$# ;fn;Dd 

v]ns'bsf] gfddf nueu @ ca{ ?k}ofF p7fPsf 

lyP . o;df ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / v]n cfof]hgfsf] 

gfddf $) s/f]8 ?k}ofF vr{ eP klg 

af“sL ! ca{ ^) s/f]8 ?k}ofFsf] lx;fa cem} 

klg uf]ndfn 5 . 

…z/brGb| v]ns'bdf geP klg pgsf] x\ofª 

cf]e/ cem} v]ns'bdf ljBdfg 5Ú, ljut 

46 

tLg bzsb]lv g]kfnL v]ns'bnfO{ glhs}af6 

lgofln/x]sf k|bLk eG5g\ . @)^@ ;fn r}t 

@$ ut]b]lv b]zJofkL¿kdf ePsf] nf]stflGqs 

cfGbf]ngdf wgu9Ldf kqmfp k/]sf k|bLk xfn 

cfGbf]ng bafpg nfu]sf v]nf8L / 

kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] gfd ;+sng ug{ Jo:t 5g\ . 

…ca klg v]ns'bnfO{ hgkIfLo v]n ;+:yfsf] 

¿kdf ljsf; gug]{ xf] eg], o;n] csf]{ 

ljb|f]xnfO{ hGd lbg]5Ú, pgL eG5g\ . 

v]ns'bnfO{ b/jf/d'vL geO{ hgkIfLo agfpg' 

g]kfnL v]ns'bdf ;a}eGbf a9L b'Mv kfPsf] JolQmsf] 

¿kdf kl/lrt k|bLk hf]zL -6]s/fh_;Fu v]ns'b 

ljsf;sf nflu w]/} / 7f]; of]hgfx¿ 5g\ . g]kfnL 

v]ns'bsf] ;+/rgf gabnL v]ns'b ljsf; x'g g;Sg] 

wf/0ff /fV5g\, pgL . 

k8\sfOPsf] 36gfdf k|bLknfO{ klg d'5]/ 

z/brGb|n] wgu9Ldf kqmfp ug{ nufPsf lyP . 

Tolt a]nf pgL /fli6«o:t/sf] df;{n cf6{;\ 

k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgfsf nflu wgu9L uPsf 

lyP . pQm 36gf u/fpg] /fd/fhfk|;fb l;+xsf 

Ps sfo{stf{ sf7df8f} +df kqmfp k/]sf lyP . 

kqmfp kg] { JolQmn] @)$) ;fndf k|bLk k|lzIfs 

eP/ /fhlj/fh hfFbf pgL;Fu t]SjfGbf]sf] k|lzIf0f 

lnPsf] jofg lbPsf lyP . To;}nfO{ cfwf/ 

agfP/ z/brGb|n] l/;OjL ;fWg pgnfO{ kqmfp 

kg] { :ki6 wf/0ff /fVg] k|bLk @)$^ ;fnsf] ug] { cfb]z lbPsf lyP . 

k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf klg wgu9Ldf …z/b /fhfdfq xf]Og, v]ns'bdf clxn] klg 

lqmofzLn lyP . pgL @)$^ ;fnsf] cfGbf]ng y'k| } /fhfx¿ 5g\ . To;}n] tL /fhfx¿nfO{ 

;'? ePkl5 ef/t 5f]8]/ g]kfn kmls{Psf lyP . v]ns'baf6 x6fpg] sfd gx' Fbf;Dd g]kfnL 

…g]kfnL v]ns'b ca d08n] ;f]raf6 rNg v]ns'b ;xL lbzftkm{ cufl8 a9\g} ;Sb}gÚ, 

;Sb}g, v]Ng kfpg] ;a} g]kfnLsf] clwsf/ k|bLk eG5g\ . To;}n] pgL g]kfnL v]ns'bsf] 

xf] . ca s'g} klg g]kfnLnfO{ ju{, hflt / k'/fgf] ;+/rgfnfO{ g} km]g' { kg] { cfjZostf 

/fhgLlts cf:yfsf] cfwf/ agfP/ v]Ngaf6 ePsf] atfpF5g\ . …v]ns'bsf] cfjZostf 

jl~rt ug{ kfOFb}gÚ, k|bLksf] :ki6f]lQm 5 . eg]sf] g]kfnL v]ns'bdf o'j/fh ;+/Ifs /xg] 

k|bLkn] !# jif{sf] pd]/d} @)#$ ;fndf k|fjwfgb]lv g} ;kmfO cleofg ;'? ug' { k5{Ú, 

ef/tsf] nvgpdf ef/tLo t]SjfGbf] ;+3sf pgL eG5g\ . 

k"j{ cWoIf lhdL cf/ holtofgL / xªsªsf 

ä gjLg cof{n÷sf7df8f} + 

nL gfdsf u'?;Fu t]SjfGbf] l;s]sf lyP . 

k|ltalGwtsfndf ;'b"/klZrddf n's]/ 

t]SjfGbf] l;sfO/x]sf k|bLkn] @)#( 

;fn kmfu'g !^ ut] zfxL g]kfnL 

;]gf / g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f lbg 

bz/y /+uzfnfdf t]SjfGbf] 

;fj{hlgs ul/g'cl3 k|bz{gL klg 

u/]sf lyP . pgL / zLts/ 

/fhe08f/L g]kfnL t]SjfGbf]sf 

cu|h dflgG5g\ . 

…v]ns'bnfO{ /fhgLlts 

efuaG8f k'lu;s]sf] 5 . 

v]ns'bsf] casf] g]t[Tj 

;Ifd / :ki6 b[li6sf]0fsf] 

x'g' k5{, h;n] v]ns'bsf] 

dd{ a'emf];\Ú, pgL :ki6 

kf5{g\ . @)$@ ;fndf 

/fli6«o k~rfot ejg / 

cGgk"0f{ xf]6ncufl8 ad

;do 

v]ns'b 

dgfª d:of{ª\bLsf] km'6an 6f]nL 

dgfª aflx/ 

^ kN6sf] lnu RoflDkog dgfª d:of{ª\bL 

dn]l;ofdf eO/x]sf] bf];|f] k| ]l;8]G6sk km'6an 

k|ltof]lutfaf6 aflxl/Psf] 5 . Pl;ofnL 

km'6an dxf;+3n] …;LÚ ju{df juL{s/0f 

u/]sf cf7 b]zsf lnu RoflDkog Sna 

;xefuL k| ]l;8]G6skdf dgfª ;d"x r/0faf6} 

aflxl/Psf] xf] . dgfª k|ltof]lutfsf] u| 'k 

ckm 8]y cyf{t\ aL ;d"xdf ;xefuL lyof] . 

aL ;d"xdf klxnf] k| ]l;8]G6sk RoflDkog 

tfhls:tfg, kmfOgndf k'u]sf] lslu{:tfg 

/ >Ln+sfsf] lnu RoflDkog Sna ;xefuL 

lyP . dgfªn] ;d"xut v]ndf 

tfhls:tfgsf] efS; Snaafx]s cGo b'O{ 

SnanfO{ lhTg g;Sbf k|ltof]lutfaf6 

aflxl/g' k/]sf] xf] . dgfª cfºgf] klxnf] 

v]ndf >Ln+sfsf] /Tgd\ Snaåf/f @–) 

uf]nn] k/flht ePsf] lyof] . bf];|f] v]ndf 

tfhls:tfgsf] efS; SnanfO{ #–! n] 

k/flht ub} { k|ltof]lutfsf] ;]ldkmfOgndf 

k'Ug] cfzf hLljt} /fv]sf] dgfª clGtd 

tyf lg0ff{os v]ndf lslu{:tfgsf] 8f]8f] {O 

8fOgfdf];Fu @–) n] k/flht eof] . dgfª 

ljhoL ePsf] Psdfq v]ndf Snasf nflu 

ev{/} y|L:6f/af6 cg'aGwg u/]sf kf]v/fsf 

clgn u'?ª, v'd u'?ª / k"j{ /fli6«o v]nf8L 

j;Gt uf}rgn] uf]n u/]sf lyP . 

k|ltof]lutfsf] klxnf] r/0faf6} aflxl/P 

klg dgfªsf k|lzIfs l5l/ª nf]A;fªn] cfºgf] 

Snasf] k|bz{g :t/Lo ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

pgn] cu|k+lQmsf v]nf8Lx¿n] kfPsf] df}sf 

;b'kof]u ug{ g;Sbf cfkm"x¿ k|ltof]lutfaf6 

rfF8} g} aflxl/g' k/]sf] b'v];f] kf]v] . …t}klg 

k|bz{gsf] lx;fan] d ;Gt'i6 g} 5'Ú, nf]A;fªn] 

;do;Fu eg] . ut jif{ g]kfnaf6 ;'? 

ePsf] PPkm;L k|]l;8]G6sksf] klxnf] 

;+:s/0fdf @)^! ;fnsf] lnu RoflDkog 

y|L:6f/ Sna k|ltof]lutfsf] ;]ldkmfOgndf 

k'u]sf] lyof] . y|L:6f/ ;]ldkmfOgndf 

lslu{:tfgsf] 8f]8f] {O 8fOgfdf];Fu 6fOa| ]s/df 

k/flht ePsf] lyof] . ä 

uf]h'l/of]df 

;kmntf 

df]km;ndf kfOnf 6]s]sf] t];|f] dlxgfd} dx]Gb|gu/sf 

uf]h'l/of] s/f“t] v]nf8Ln] cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf 

;kmntf r'd]sf 5g\ . 8]9 ;ftfcl3 ef/tsf] /fhwfgL 

gof“ lbNnLdf OlG8og df;{n cf6{;\ P;f]l;P;gsf] 

cfof]hgfdf ePsf] OG8f] g]kfn s/f“t] RoflDkogl;kdf 

;xefuL k|foM ;a} g]kfnL uf]h'l/of] v]nf8L vfnL xft 

kmls{g' k/]g . 

lbNnLsf] k|zfGt ljxf/df ePsf] RoflDkogl;kdf 

dx]Gb|gu/sf slnnf v]nf8Ln] afO;j6f kbs xft 

kf/] . ljleGg tf}n ;d"xsf nlnt wfdL, xl/; 

wfdL, k|df]b lt?jf, ;Gtf]if d8} / ;'gLtf af]x/fnufot 

v]nf8Ln] !! :j0f{ lht] eg] ^ hgfn] /ht / % 

hgfn] sf“:odf lrQ a'emfpg' k¥of] . 

ef/tsf] l;lSsd, bfhL{lnª, lxdf~rn / 

pQ/f~rn /fHosf v]nf8Lsf] k|ltof]lutfdf afx'Notf 

lyof] eg] dxf/fi6«sf] d'DaO{af6 klg v]nf8L ;xefuL 

lyP . @% g]kfnL v]nf8L ;xefuL o; k|ltof]lutfdf 

vr{ ;a} uf]h'l/of] s/f“t] ;+3 dx]Gb|gu/ / :j+o 

v]nf8Lx¿n] Joxf]/]sf lyP . ;+3sf dxfsfnL c~rn 

k|d'v tyf k|lzIfs lg/~hg yfkfn] v]n cjlwdf 

/]k|mLsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x;d]t u/]sf lyP . 

ä Zofd e§÷dx]Gb|gu/ 

ljZjs} nfdf] 

Dof/fy'gdf g]kfn ;xefuL 

clk|msL d'n's df]/Ssf]df kg] { ;xf/f d?e"lddf k|To]s jif{ cfof]hgf x'g] 

Dof/fy'g bf}8df klxnf] k6s g]kfnLx¿n] cfºgf] b]zsf] emG8f af]s]/ ;xeflutf 

hgfPsf 5g\ . Dof/fy'g lb;;]jn gfds bf}8 ;+;f/s} nfdf] / ufx|f] bf}8 

dflgG5 . ut clk|n ( b]lv !% tfl/v;Dd ;+rflnt pQm k|ltof]lutfdf 

a| 'gfO{ uf]/vf nfx'/]sf] tkm{af6 s]bf/ l;~hfnL, ofdljqmd nfjtL / km'jf{a'l4 

tfdfªn] ;xeflutf hgfPsf lyP . 

ljZjsf rfnL;eGbf a9L b]zsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] of] Dof/fy'g k|ltof]lutfdf 

s'n $# l6dsf] ;xeflutf lyof], h;df g]kfnL 6f]nLn] gjf} + } :yfg k|fKt 

u/]sf] lyof] . k|jf;df a;]/ b]zsf] gfd /fVg] nfx'/]x¿nfO{ awfO{ . 

ä ljZjf;bLk ltu]nf÷a| 'gfO{ 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 47

48 

ljZjsk OªNof08 

tLg l;+xsf] k/LIff 

ä gjLg cof{n÷sf7df8f} 

cfkm"k|lt /fv]sf] ljZjf;nfO{ hd{gLdf k|dfl0ft Ps cGtjf{tf{df eg]sf 5g\ . 

ug{ ;Snfg\ < 

OªNofG8 cfpFbf] ljZjskdf $) jif{cl3 

rf/ jif{cl3 blIf0f sf]l/of / hfkfgdf ;DkGg OªNofG8n] cfºg} 3/]n' d}bfgdf ;g\ !(^^ 3/df lht]sf] ljZjsksf] P]ltxfl;s If0fnfO{ 

;qf}+ ljZjsk km'6an k|ltof]lutfsf] sf] ljZjsk lht]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 OªNofG8 ljb]zL e"lddf bf]xf]¥ofpg] ;+sNksf ;fy clxn] 

Sjf6/kmfOgnaf6 OªNofG8 b'ef{Uok"0f{¿kn] ljZjskdf ;kmntf r'Dg c;kmn /xFb} kf]r' {undf cEof;df Jo:t 5 . Ol/S;gn] 

aflxl/Pkl5, a]nfotdf 7"n} ax;n] hGd lnof] . cfO/x]sf] 5 . 

cEof;sf nflu b'O{ ;ftfcl3 g} 6f]nLsf] 3f]if0ff 

ljZjs} dxFuf] / lnu km'6ansf] nfdf] Oltxf; ljZjdf a]nfotL ldl8ofsf] alnof] u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 6f]nLdf 

af]s]sf] OªNofG8sf] ;w} + p:t} lgolt lsg < s] pkl:yltsf sf/0f Oªln; v]nf8Lx¿n] kl5Nnf] ljZj km'6andf 5fPsf cg'ejL / o'jf 

Oªln; km'6andf cem} ;'wf/sf] vf“rf] 5 < ls ;dodf ;+;f/el/sf km'6ank| ]dLx¿sf] Wofg v]nf8Lx¿sf] ;ld>0fn] OªNofG8sf] 

OªNofG8df cfNkm /fD;], Hof]km x;{6, uf]8f] {g cfkm"tkm{ cfslif{t ug{ ;kmn eP klg ljZjskdf ;DefjgfnfO{ alnof] klg agfPsf] 5 . Ol/S;gn] 

AofªS;, aaL rfN6{g, aaL d"/ / Uof/L pgLx¿sf] k|bz{g b]znfO{ pkflw lbnfpg eg] ;a}nfO{ rlst t'NofpFb} cGt/f{li6«o k|ltof]lutfdf 

lng]s/h:tf k|ltefzfnL v]nf8L hlGdg ckof{Kt aGb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} l:yltdf a]nfotL …8]Ao'Ú g} gu/]sf cf;{gnsf !& jifL{o lszf]/ 

5f]l8;s] < 

ldl8ofx¿n] -h]7 @^ ut]_ ( h'gb]lv hd{gLdf :6«fOs/ lycf] jfNs6b]lv lnP/ ljZj km'6andf 

of] nfdf] ax;sf] lgSof] {n lgsfNb} cGttM cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] ljZjskdf pkflwsf] :6f/ alg;s]sf cf;{gnsf …n]º6 AofsÚ cf:n] 

OªNofG8sf] :yfgLo km'6an ;+3 -PkmP_n] alnof] bfa]bf/sf] ¿kdf PskN6 km]l/ OªNofG8sf] sf]n, ;f]n SofDka]n, Dofgr]:6/ o'gfO6]8sf 

3f]if0ff u¥of], …Oªln; km'6an ;'wf/f]Gd'v ;DefjgfnfO{ phfu/ u/]sf 5g\, t/ s] o;kN6 cg'ejL Uof/L g]e]n, l/of] kml8{gfG8, lne/k'nsf 

lbzftkm{ cu|;/ 5 . To;}n] PkmPn] cfpFbf] Oªln; v]nf8Lx¿n] a]nfotL ldl8ofsf] ld8lkmN8/ sKtfg :6]kmg h]/f8{, r]N;Lsf hf]g 

ljZjsk;Ddsf nflu Oªln; km'6ansf] eljiojf0fLnfO{ plrt Gofo lbg ;Snfg\ < 6]/L, k|mof+s nfDkf6{ / hf]P sf]n, l/on Dofl8«8sf 

afu8f]/ ljb]zL k|lzIfs :jf“g uf]/fg …lgZro g} o;kN6 OªNofG8 6f]nL 8]le8 a]Sxofd, jfog{ Do'lgvsf cf]j]g xfu| ]E; 

Ol/S;gnfO{ g} ;'lDkg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .Ú rf/ ljutsfeGbf alnof] 5 . To;}n] OªNofG8sf] / Dofgr]:6/ o'gfO6]8sf :6«fOs/ jfOg] /f]gL / 

jif{cl3 PkmPn] cfkm"dfly u/]sf] Tof] ljZjf; ;Defjgf lgs} alnof] 5Ú, km'6ansf] dfofgu/L Go'Sof;n o'gfO6]8sf dfOsn cf]j]gh:tf 

k|dfl0ft ug{ olt a]nf Ol/S;g 86]/ nfu]sf OªNofG8sf] klxnf] ljb]zL k|lzIfs aGg] ;f}efUo hNbfaNbf v]nf8LnfO{ 6f]nLdf :yfg lbPsf 5g\ . 

5g\, t/ s] pgn] PkmP / Oªln; ;dy{sx¿n] kfPsf l:jl8; k|lzIfs Ol/S;gn] ev{/} dfq oL v]nf8Lsf] pkl:yltn] rfnL; jif{cl3 

sf] x'g\ lycf] < 

ljZjsk glhlsFb} hfFbf OªNofG8df clxn] Pp6f 

v]nf8Lsf] 5gf]6n] ;a}eGbf a9L x+ufdf drfO/x]sf] 

5 . lycf] jfNs6, k|lzIfs :jf“g uf]/fg Ol/S;gn] 

ljZjsksf nflu …6«d sf8{Úsf] ¿kdf 5gf]6 u/]sf 

!& jifL{o km'Rr] :6«fOs/ . Oªln; 6f]nLdf jfNs6sf] 

5gf]6n] k|lzIfs Ol/S;g ljZjskcufl8 g} 

a]nfotdf cfnf]lrt aGg k'u]sf 5g\, t/ Ol/S;gn] 

cfufdL ljZjskdf jfNs6 Oªln; 6f]nLsf] 

;kmntfsf] cWofo aGg] 3f]if0ff ub} { a]nfotL 

;dy{sx¿nfO{ pgsf] ;dy{g ug{ cfu|x u/]sf 

5g\ . b'O{j6f ljZjskdf Oªln; 6f]nLsf] k|lzIf0fsf] 

lhDd]jf/L jxg ul//x]sf Ol/S;gn] kTofPsf lszf]/ 

:6«fOs/ lycf] cflv/ sf] x'g\ t < 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 

lycf] jfNs6, ;g\ !($) / %) tfsf …8An'Ú 

qosf] ¿kdf ljZj lqms]6df txNsf drfPsf 

j]:6 OlG8h lqms]6sf :6f/ Aof6\;Dofg ;/ 

Snfo8 jfNs6sf cfkmGt x'g\ . lycf]sf a'af 

8gn] cfºgf] 5f]/f Oªln; 6f]nLdf 5flgPkl5 

kl/jf/sf] kl/ro lbg] qmddf afa{8f];sf Snfo8 

jfNs6 cfºgf] a'afsf] cfkmGt ePsf] hfgsf/L 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\, t/ *) jifL{o jfNs6n] 

eg] of] s'/fsf] v08g u/]sf 5g\ . km'Rr] jfNs6n] 

xfn;Dd cGt/f{li6«o v]n dfq xf]Og Oªln; 

lk|ldo/ lnudf klg …8]Ao'Ú u/]sf 5}gg\ . pgL 

-h]7 !^ / @) ut]_ d] #) / h'g # tfl/vdf 

OªNofG8n] ljZjsk cEof;sf nflu v]Ng] 

elgPsf] x+u]/L / hd}sflj?4sf] v]ndf Oªln; 

6f]nLaf6 plqPdf, OªNofG8af6 cGt/f{li6«o v]n 

v]Ng] ;a}eGbf sfG5f] v]nf8L aGg]5g\ . pgL

OªNofG8n] ljZjsk lhTbf 6f]nLdf /x]sf :6f/ v]nfpb} kf“r ld8lkmN8/sf] ;xof]un] $–%–! 

v]nf8L /fD;], x;{6, AofªS;, rfN6{g / d"/x¿sf] sf] /0fgLltnfO{ klg k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] pgn] 

ememNsf] lbPsf] 5 . t/ :6f/ v]nf8Lx¿sf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

rf]6sf] ;d:ofn] eg] k|lzIfs Ol/S;gnfO{ dfq cfufdL ljZjskdf OªNofG8sf nflu 

xf]Og Oªln; ;dy{sx¿nfO{ klg plQs} ;d"xut v]ndf d'Vo r'gf}tL l:j8]g g} x'g] 

;z+lst t'NofPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(^^ df OªNofG8n] nueu kSsf 5 . OªNofG8 of] ljZjsksf] 

ljZjsk lhTbf Oªln; 6f]nLsf Pshgf v]nf8L ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] ;d"x …aLÚdf pkl:yt 5 . of] 

klg 3fOt] lyPgg\ . oltdfq xf]Og, hd{gLnfO{ ;d"xdf l:j8]g, kf/fUj] / lqlg8f8 PG8 6f]afuf] 

kmfOgndf x/fP/ ljZjsk 6«kmL prfNbf ;dfj]z 5g\ . kf/fUj] blIf0f cd]l/sL ;d"xaf6 

OªNofG8n] k"/} gDa] ldg]6sf] v]n cltl/Qm a|flhn, ch] {lG6gf / OSj]8/kl5 rf}yf] gDa/df 

v]nf8Lljgf v]n]sf] lyof] . clxn] Oªln; 6f]nLsf 5gf]6 ePsf] b]z xf] . lqlg8f8 PG8 6f]afsf] 

b'O{ d'Vo xltof/ @) jifL{o o'jf /f]gL / ev{/} klg ax/fOg;Fu Kn]–ckm Dofrdf ljhoL eP/ 

@^ jif{ 6]s]sf cf]j]g 3fOt] 5g\ . cf]j]g cd]l/sf, d]lS;sf] / sf]:6fl/sfkl5 sgsfsfkm 

ljZjsksf] ;d"xut v]ncufl8 g} :jf:Yonfe ;d"xaf6 ljZjskdf 5gf]6 ePsf] lyof] . 

u/]/ 6f]nLdf kmls{g] ;Defjgf ePsf] atfOP OªNofG8n] ;g\ !(^* b]lv #^ jif{sf] cGt/fndf 

klg /f]gLsf] ljifodf :jo+ pgsf lrlsT;sx¿ !! kN6 ePsf] le8Gtdf clxn];Dd l:j8]gnfO{ 

g} ljZj:t x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . /f]gLnfO{ Oªln; x/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . 

lk|ldo/ lnucGtu{t r]N;L;Fu pkflwsf nflu ;g\ !(%) df a|flhndf ePsf] ljZjskb]lv 

ePsf] dxŒjk"0f{ le8Gtdf bfof“ v'§fdf rf]6 ;xeflutf hgfpg yfn]sf] OªNofG8 o;aLr 

nfu] ]kl5 pgL;Fu} /fli6«o 6f]nLdf /x]sf r]N;Lsf tLgkN6 ljZjskdf 5gf]6 x'g c;kmn eof] . 

k|efjzfnL l8km]G8/ sKtfg hf]g 6]/L / cGt/f{li6«o km'6andf tLg l;+xsf] gfdn] klg 

ld8lkmN8/ k|mof+s nfDkf6{ d}bfgd} b'MvL ePsf lrlgg] OªNofG8 ;g\ !(&$ sf] hd{gL ljZjsk, 

lyP . /f]gL ;g\ @))$ df kf]r' {undf ePsf] !(&* sf] ch] {lG6gf ljZjsk / !(($ sf] 

o'/f]skdf k|ltof]lutfs} cfsif{0f ag]sf lyP . cd]l/sf ljZjskdf 5gf]6 x'g c;kmn ePsf] 

!* jif{sf /f]gLn] Tolt a]nf $ uf]n u/]sf lyof] . ;g\ !(() sf] O6fnL ljZjskdf 

lyP . xfn Ol/S;g cf]j]gsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ OªNofG8n] ;]ldkmfOgn;Ddsf] ofqf to u/] 

Tolt tgfjdf g/x] klg /f]gLsf] rf]6n] pgnfO{ klg k'/fgf] k|ltåGbL hd{gLåf/f k]gfN6L 

lgs} cK7]/f]df kf/]sf] 5 . o;}n] pgL clxn]b]lv ;'6cfp6df k/flht ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 

g} cfºgf] /0fgLlt km]g] { cleofgdf h'6]sf 5g\ . OªNofG8 ljZjskdf ;]ldkmfOgn;Ddsf] ofqf 

Ol/S;gn] PkmPsf] cflwsfl/s j]e;fO6nfO{ klg to ug{ c;kmn x' Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . 

lbPsf] cGtjf{tf{df :6«fOs/åo cf]j]g / /f]gLn] olt a]nf OªNofG8 ljZjsksf] ;lhnf] 

ljZjsk cufl8 k"0f{¿kn] :jf:Yonfe ug{ ;d"xdf dfq pkl:yt 5}g, Oªln; 6f]nLdf 

g;s]sf] v08df cfkm"n] lne/k'nsf csf{ cUnf :6f/ v]nf8Lx¿sf] hd36 klg plQs} 5 . 

:6«fOs/ lk6/ qmfprnfO{ cufl8 / csf] { s'g} OªNofG8sf nflu clxn] $) jif{cl3 ljZjsk 

Ps v]nf8LnfO{ k5fl8 /fv]/ $–$–@ sf] lht]sf] Oltxf; bf]xf]¥ofpg] ;'gf}nf] df}sf klg 

/0fgLltdf v]nf8L ptfg] { atfPsf 5g\ . pgn] 5, t/ a|flhn, ch] {lG6gf, hd{gL, k|mfG; / 

of] cj:yfdf qmfprnfO{ dfq cu|k+lQmdf O6fnLnfO{ klg ljZjsksf bfa]bf/ 6f]nLsf] 

v]nfP/ b'O{j6f lju/sf] ¿kdf $–#–# sf] ¿kdf lrq0f ul/Psf a]nf s] OªNofG8n] 

/0fgLltnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug] { klg atfPsf 5g\ . bf];|f]kN6 ljZjsk lht]/ hd{gLdf csf] { Oltxf; 

clGtd ljsNksf] ¿kdf qmfprnfO{ cu|k+lQmdf /Rnf t < ä 

ut dfr{ !^ tfl/vdf !& jif{ k'u]sf lyP . v]nsf}zn / hf]8n] s'b\g ;Sg] v'aLsf sf/0f 

jfNs6nfO{ o;} hgj/Ldf cf;{gnn] % ldlnog pgnfO{ 6f]nLdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] k|lzIfs 

:6ln{ª kfpG8df ;fpyxfD6gaf6 cg'aGwg Ol/S;gn] atfPsf 5g\ . …p;n] v]nnfO{ 

u/]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sfsf] k|Voft uNkm v]nf8L s'g} klg a]nf kl/jt{g u/fpg ;S5Ú, 

6fOu/ p8sf h:tf] cg'xf/ ePsf sf/0f ;fyLefO JolQmut¿kn] jfNs6sf] v]n gx]/] klg 

dfem 6fOu/sf] pkgfdn] kl/lrt jfNs6sf] cEof; / lel8of]df pgsf] v]n x]/]/ k|efljt 

k| ]/0ffbfos v]nf8L eg]sf g} dfOsn cf]j]g x'g\ . ag]sf Ol/S;g eG5g\ . jfNs6 !! bzdnj 

pgn] ^ jif{cl3 r]N;Ldf anAjfOsf] ¿kdf %@ ;]s]G8df ;o ld6/ bf}8g] v'aL /fV5g\, 

sfd ubf{ clGtdkN6 cf]j]g;Fu kmf]6f] lvRg] df}sf h'g cGt/f{li6«o Dof/fy'gdf klg pTs[i6 

kfPsf lyP . …d}n] ;kgfdf klg ;f]r]sf] lyOgF, ;do dflgG5 . ut ;ftf OªNofG8sf] 

cfºgf] cfbz{ v]nf8L;Fu} ljZjsk v]Ng kfpF5' ljZjsk 6f]nLdf pgsf] gfd ;fj{hlgs 

eg]/Ú, ;g\ !((* sf] ljZjskdf ch] {lG6gflj?4 x' Fbf pgL 8«fOleªsf nflu ;}4flGts sIff 

cf]j]gn] u/]sf] ljZjrlr{t uf]n lgb|fsf sf/0f lnO/x]sf lyP . pgnfO{ clxn] z'esfdgf 

x]g{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ug] { jfNs6 Oªln; 6f]nLdf / ljleGg lj1fkg cg'aGwgsf nflu b}lgs 

cfºgf] gfd 5gf]6 ePsf] b]v]/ Hofb} rlst tLg ;oeGbf a9L 6]lnkmf]g cfpg] u/]sf 

5g\ . k|mfG;sf rlr{t :6«fOs/ lyo/L x]g/Lh:tf] 5g\ . ä 

afl;{nf]gfsf] 

;kmntf 

;g\ !((@ kl5 Sna km'6ansf] ;a}eGbf 

k|ltli7t km'6an k|ltof]lutf lhTg c;kmn 

x' Fb} cfO/x]sf] afl;{nf]gfn] of] jif{sf] 

RoflDkoG; lnudf sAhf hdfPsf] 5 . 

sl/a b'O{ dlxgfcl3 dfq :k]gsf] 3/]n' 

:k]lg; lnudf sAhf hdfPsf] afl;{nf]gfn] 

Pp6} jif{ o'/f]ksf] b'O{ k|ltli7t pkflw 

lht]sf] xf] . hd{gLdf cfof]hgf x'g] 

ljZjsk ;'? x'g tLg ;ftfcl3 ut 

a'wjf/ k|mfG;sf] ax'rlr{t :6]8 8] k|mfG; 

/+uzfnfdf ePsf] kmfOgn v]ndf 

OªNofG8sf] cf;{gn SnanfO{ @–! uf]n 

cGt/n] k/flht ub} { afl;{nf]gfn] pkflw 

lht]sf] xf] . b; v]nf8Ldf ;Lldt 

cf;{gnn] klxnf] xfkmdf Ps uf]nsf] cu|tf 

lnP klg v]n ;lsg !$ ldg]6 afFsL 

/xFbf $ ldg]6sf] cGt/df b'O{ uf]n kmsf{pFb} 

afl;{nf]gfn] bf];|f]kN6 RoflDkoG; lnusf] 

pkflwdf sAhf hdfPsf] lyof] . 

afl;{nf]gfn] ;g\ !((@ df klxnf] kN6 

Sna km'6ansf] k|ltli7t k|ltof]lutf lht]sf] 

lyof] . ;g\ !(^!, !(*^ / !(($ df 

Sof6nfg Sna lnusf] kmfOgndf k'u] 

klg pkflwljd'v /x]sf] lyof] . 

cf;{gnsf k|m]Gr :6«fOs/ lyo/L x]g/L / 

afl;{nf]gfsf a|flhnL Kn]d]s/ /f]gflN8Gxf]sf] 

le8Gtsf] ¿kdf x]l/Psf] o;kflnsf] 

RoflDkoG; lnudf ug;{sf nflu klxnf] 

xfkmsf] #& ldg]6df l8km]G8/ ;f]n 

SofDka]nn] x]g/Lsf] sg{/df x]l8ª uf]n 

u/]sf lyP . ljZjskdf :k]gsf] klxnf] 

/f]hfOsf uf]n/Ifs dflgPsf cf;{gnsf 

h]G; n]xDofg v]n ;'? ePsf] !* ldg]6df 

/ftf] sf8{ kfP/ aflxl/Pkl5 nG8g Sna 

k"/} ;do b; v]nf8Lsf ;fy ;+3if{ ul//x]sf] 

lyof] . RoflDkoG; lnudf /ftf] sf8{ kfpg] 

n]xDofg klxnf] v]nf8L x'g\ . 

cf;{gn klxnf]kN6 RoflDkoG; lnusf] 

kmfOgndf k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . 

RoflDkoG; lnu ;'? ePsf] %) jif{ k'u]sf] 

pknIodf *) xhf/ bz{s Ifdtfsf] 

/+uzfnfdf v]nsf] &^ cf}+ ldg]6df 

Sofd?gL :6«fOs/ ;fd'cn O6f]n] uf]n 

kmsf{pFb} a/fa/L u/]sf lyP . To;sf] rf/ 

ldg]6kl5 g} cltl/Qm v]nf8Lsf] ¿kdf 

d}bfg k|j]z u/]sf a|flhlnog l8km]G8/ 

h'lnofgf] a]n]6Ln] c;Lof} + ldg]6df lg0ff{os 

uf]n kmsf{pFb} afl;{nf]gfnfO{ P]ltxfl;s 

;kmntf lbnfP . afl;{nf]gfsf] of] 

;kmntf;Fu} RoflDkoG; lnu @* kN6 

lhTg] Oªln; Snasf] ;kmntfnfO{ 

:k]lg; Snan] a/fa/L u/]sf] 5 . ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 49

lstfa 

rnv]n / kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfP/ jftf{sf] ;Defjgf 

;dfKt ePsf] klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\, leGg leGg 

pkzLif{sdf . dfcf]jfbLsf ljutsf /fhgLlts 

lqmofsnfk / To;af6 g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf k/]sf] 

k|efjaf/] n]vs n]V5g\, …dfcf]jfbL Ps} bnleq 

cGt/;+3if{, bnx¿aLr dte]b, bn / b/jf/aLr 

b"/L lgdf{0f ug] {b]lv bnx¿nfO{ cfkm" glhs Nofpg] 

;a} sfo{df /0fgLlts ¿kn] ;kmn ePsf b]lvG5g\ . 

dfcf]jfbLsf] of] /0fgLlts ;kmntfdf kl5Nnf] 

;dodf /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g ug] { dxŒjfsf+Iff 

;xof]uL aGg k'Uof] . dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] 

dxŒjfsf+IffnfO{ cj;/ k|bfg u¥of] . kmntM d'n'ssf] 

k|hftGqnfO{ cft+sjfbaf6 hf]ufpg] lgx'Fdf 

k|hftGqsf] xTof / b]z c;kmn x'g] ljGb'df k'¥ofof] .Ú 

zfxL zf;gn] g]kfnL sf+u| ]; / sf+u| ]; k|hftflGqs 

bnx¿nfO{ /fhtGqaf/] cfºgf] k'/fgf] dfGotfdf 

k'glj{rf/ ug{ afWo agfPsf] pNn]v ub} { n]vsn] 

;+j}wflgs /fhtGqjfbL oL kf6L{sf o'jf ljBfyL{sf] 

rsf] { bafa sfdofj ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . cfºg} 

kf6L{sf] @)^@, k'; @!–@# df ;DkGg dxflwj]zgn] 

/fhtGqaf/] lnPsf] lg0f{osf ;DaGwdf n]vs n]V5g\, 

Ps JolQmsf] …kf6L{n] hgtfsf] rfxgf af]Sg] xf], /fhfsf] xf]Og . 

kf6L{n] /fhtGqsf] eljio /fhfsf] lrGtfsf] ljifo 

;gssf] km]xl/:t 

xf], hgtfsf] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf]Og eGg] gLlt lnof], 

t;y{ g]kfnL sf+u| ]; -k|hftflGqs_n] /fhgLlts 

b:tfj]hdf d'n'ssf nflu k|hftGq s]Gb|Lo / ckl/xfo{ 

/d]z n]vssf] …zfxL zf;gsf] Ps jif{Ú xfn} ljifo xf], /fhtGq s]Gb|Lo / ckl/xfo{ ljifo xf]Og 

;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . sf+u| ]; -k|hftflGqs_sf ;f+;b eGg] :ki6tfsf ;fy pNn]v u¥of] .Ú 

n]vsn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] ! jif{ # dlxgfsf] n]vsn] zfxL zf;gsf] l7s Ps jif{ kf/]/ k':ts 

zf;gsfnsf /fhgLlts 36gfqmdx¿, /fhfsf] lgsfNg] k"j{ of]hgfdf kl5 ;/]sf] b]lvG5, t/ o;af6 

sbdlj?4 /fhgLlts bnx¿n] ;+rfng u/]sf kf7snfO{ nfe ePsf] dfGg' kg] { x'G5 . jif{ lbgkl5sf 

cfGbf]ng Pj+ ;ft bn Joj;flos ;+3;+u7g / b'O{ dlxgf zLif{s cWofodf n]vsn] P]ltxfl;s 

gful/s ;dfhn] ;+rfng u/]sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng hgcfGbf]ngsf 36gf xtf/df k|:t't ug] { hdsf] { 

/ ;/sf/L bdgnfO{ d]xgt u/]/ kl:sPsf 5g\ . u/]sf 5g\ . n]vs hgcfGbf]ng ;+of]hs ;ldltsf 

c;f]h !*, df3 !( sf] k|:yfglaGb' lyof], t/ ;b:o klg lyP . 

;'?df /fhgLlts bnx¿n] /fhfsf] lgotnfO{ lrGg /fhgLlts ljj/0f / w]/} tYof+saf6 el/Psf] eP 

g;s]sf] pgsf] ljZn]if0f 5 . …c;f]h !* M df3 !( klg k':ts k9\g af]lemnf] 5}g, ;// aU5 . n]vsn] 

sf] k"jf{Eof;Ú zLif{sdf n]vsn] eg]sf 5g\, …c;f]h k':tsnfO{ gf} cWofodf afF8]sf 5g\ / k|To]s 

!* ut]sf] zfxL 3f]if0ff cj}wflgs tyf ck|hftflGqs cWofonfO{ ljleGg pkzLif{s lbP/ k9\g / zfxL 

t lyof] g} /fhgLlts ¿kn] klg cf}lrToxLg dfq zf;gsf /fhgLlts 36gf vf]tNg ;lhnf] kf/]sf 

geO{ of] Ps uDeL/ if8\oGq lyof] eGg] tYo df3 5g\ . 

!( n] :yflkt u¥of] .Ú 

/fhfsf ljleGg 3f]if0ff, ;ft bnsf dxŒjk"0f{ 

k':tsdf df3 !( sf] sbdkl5 /fhfsf] sbdlj?4 lg0f{o, bn–dfcf]jfbL ;dembf/L, dfcf]jfbL o'4lj/fd 

p7]sf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] pef/, k|x/L HofbtL, w/k8s 3f]if0ff, cd]l/sL l;g]6/ Kofl6«s n]xLsf] jQmJoh:tf 

/ oftgfsf ;–;fgf 36gfnfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; ul/Psf] dxŒjk"0f{ @* j6f b:tfj]h cg';"rLdf /fv]sf 5g\ . 

5 . k':ts ljj/0ffTds 5 . ;ft /fhgLlts k':tsnfO{ ;du|df zfxL zf;gdf ePsf /fhgLlts 

bnx¿af6 ;+rflnt hgcfGbf]ng b]z km}lnPsf] lyof] 36gfsf] ljj/0f eGg ldN5, /fhgLlts ljZn]if0f 

eGg] s'/fsf] Ps Ps l6kf]6 k|:t't u/]/ n]vsn] sd 5 / sltko cj:yfdf sdhf]/ klg . 

Oltxf;sf/sf nflu ;lhnf] agfOlbPsf 5g\ . k':tssf] lgisif{df n]vsn] /fhfsf] rf}wdlxg] 

;ft /fhgLlts bnaLrsf] Pstf aGg'cl3sf zf;gaf/] ;6Ls l6Kk0fL ub} { eG5g\, …Pshgf JolQmsf] 

r'gf}tL, /fhfsf] …km'6fp / /fh u/Ú gLltsf] ljj]rgf zf;g ug] { dxŒjfsf+Iff / ;gsn] b]z / ;du| 

tyf ;ft bn dfcf]jfbL;“usf] ;dembf/L / zfxL hgtfn] b'Mv kfpg] kl/l:ylt dWoo'uLg /fhtGqsf] 

;/sf/sf] k|ltlqmofnfO{ n]vsn] s]nfPsf 5g\ . Oltxf; b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . ef/tsf] t'uns afbzfx 

zfxL zf;g / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ zLif{ssf] d'xDdb lag t'unsn] lbNnLaf6 cf}/+uhfjfb ;fg] { 

cWofodf n]vsn] dfcf]jfbLaf6 /fhgLts bnsf cy{, cf}lrTo / ljj]sxLg lg0f{o u/]h:t} /x\of], 

g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ dfl/Psf P]ltxfl;s 36gf pNn]v /fhf 1fg]Gb|sf] df3 !( ut]sf] 3f]if0ff .Ú 

ub} { pgLx¿ /0fgLlts ¿kdf ;kmn ePsf] ljZn]if0f k':ts u0f]zdfg l;+x cWoog k|lti7fgn] k|sfzg 

u/]sf 5g\ . zfxL ;Qf;“u pgLx¿sf] /0fgLlts u/]sf] xf] . ä 

lstfa M sljtf–s';'d 

ljwf M sljtf 

n]vs M /Tglglw /]UdL …z'qmrfo{Ú 

k[i7 M (@ 

d"No M ?= $(=((÷– 

k|sfzs M dxfslj b]jsf]6f 

k|sfzgdfnf–$ 

lstfa M cleo'Qm OZj/ 

ljwf M tfª\sf 

n]vs M cd/ TofuL 

k[i7 M &* 

d"No M ?= %%=%%÷– 

k|sfzs M sf]lzsL ;flxTo k|lti7fg, 

sf7df8f} + 

lstfa M Zofdk|;fbsf lgaGwx¿ 

ljwf M lgaGw;ª\u|x 

slj M Zofdk|;fb zdf{ 

k[i7 M !%! 

d"No M ?= !))÷– 

k|sfzs M ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg 

k|fln, sf7df8f} + 

lstfa M cGToxLg klx/fx¿ 

ljwf M syf 

n]vs M l;h{gf zdf{ 

k[i7 M !$& 

d"No M ?= !))÷– 

k|sfzs M ljj]s l;h{gzLn k|sfzg 

k|fln, sf7df8f} + 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 51

52 

;flxTo÷syf 

s5f8lk|o ldqdfk{mt cfb]z hf/L klg ub{5' .Ú 

of] syg u'lGhP/ 6f]n ysf{odfg ePsf] lyof], 

t/ To;df >L >j0fs'df/ ys{dfg lyof] jf 

lyPg, of] leGg} s'/f x'g ;Snf . clxn] of] k"j{k|;+u 

olt dfq}— syf l´Fhf] dfG5 . o:tf] j0f{g af]Sbf– 

af]Sbf syf lzlyn dfq xf]Og, af]l´n klg 

ePsf] cg'ej syfsf/n] cg'e"t u/]sf] 5 . 

cGoyf b]zdf cg"e"t ug] { s'/f] s] g} afFsL 5 

/ < k|hftGq 5 t elgG5, t/ k|hf ;w} F tGqb]lv 

ql;t x' Fbf] 5 . s] ug] { < 

ä 

-dflysf] ;fdfGo sdl;{on a] |skl5 kf7sj[Gb 

tkfO+ {x¿nfO{ k'gM :jfut ub} { syfsf/ syfaf6 

cufl8 a9\g] cg'dlt cfu|x ;Dk| ]if0f ub{5 ._ 

ä 

cu|ufdL lgsf; syfsf] o:tf] 5— >L 

>j0fs'df/ cfk"m a]/f]huf/ ePkl5 ;w}F 

cfTdxTofsf] t/v/df b]lvg yfn]sf] lyof] . 

tkfO{ +x¿nfO{ s] 9fF6\g] < of]Uotf geP/ xf]Og, 

of]Uot} eP/ xf] . pm ;w} F eGYof], …d lau| F, ] a9L 

kl/lrt eP/ .Ú s;}sf] k|Zg x'GYof], …lsg t < 

pQ/ p;sf] lyof], lsgeg] o; d'n'sdf a9L 

kl/lrt x'g' eg]sf] :jf:Yosf ;fy;fy} O{iof{sf 

nflu klg k"/fk"/ xflgsf/s x'g] s'/f] xf] eg] d 

To;}af6 u|l;t 5' .Ú of] s'/f lxhf]cl:ts} xf] . 

cfhsf] s'/f t ´g\ csf] { lyof] h'g eofjx 

cf]9]/ k|blz{t x'g] t/v/df b]lvGYof] . 

ä 

dfggLo u[xdGqLsf] /fi6«elQm, :jfdLelQm / 

cf]hk"0f{ efif0fn] lsg xf] lsg, p;} t ;w} F cfTdxTof 

u¿F ls eGg] sNkgf af]Sg] >L >j0fs'df/— 

To;dfly cfh pQm efif0f ;'g]kl5 t cfFvf lrDn]/} 

cfTdxTof ul/xfn" F eGg] hf]; al9xfNof]— of] cg'e"t 

ub} { lyof] . /fi6«sf gfpFdf ;Gb]z eg]h:t} /fi6«sf 

gfpFdf Ps a]/f]huf/sf] cfTdxTof— ;dfrf/ s:tf] 

nfUnf < of] ;f]r]/ >L >j0fs'df/ d';'Ss xfF:g 

yfNof] . w]/} xf]Og, ;Lldt . elgGYof], p;n] w]/} 

ä /f]zg yfkf …gL/jÚ 

xfF:bf b]zdf kfgL kg] { ;Defjgf x'GYof] . o;}n] 

p;sf] xfF;f] b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ k|hfsf] x/fPsf] xfF;f]h:t} 

PSsfl; dfG5]x¿sf] eL8 b]lvg yfNof] . 8/ xf] wf/fsf] k|hftGqcGtu{tsf k|hf lyP . k|hftGq ePsf] lyof] . s;/L xfF:g] < 

jf s'grflxF ls+jbGtLsf] zf;gfn] xf] – ql;t, pgLx¿s} gfpFdf lyof], t/ k|hftGqrflxF s;sf 

ä 

ulnt, kLl8t, cfz+lst / cft+lst eP/ ltgLx¿ gfpFdf lyof]===< k|Zg eofjx x'g ;Sg] cfb]z …x}g, s] ul//x]sf] LdtLsf] ss{znfUbf] 

bf}l8g nfu] . ;DejtM ;'/Iff:yn vf]Hg xf]nf . syfn] u¥of], h:tf] ev{/} dfggLo u[xdGqLHo"n] :j/ . 

ä 

sºo{ ' 8/nfUbf] x'g] r]tfjgL a8f] uj{ / 8'qmFbf] pm ´:sg'nfO{ :jefljs …af/ P;f]l;P;gÚ 

-dflysf] o; jfSon] cltzo k|tLsfTds :j/df l6eLdfk{mt JoQm ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] . agfpg …cfFefufb{Ú x' Fb} lyof] . klxn], eGg} kb} {g, 

syfsf] cfzf u/]/ o; syfsf] k7g ug{ 'x'G5 

ä 

lax]sf] klxnf] klxnf] lbglt/ hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg 

eg] kf7s dxf]bo, of] syf gk9] x'G5 ._ -tL c;+Vo ;fwf/0f k|hfdWo] oxfF j0f{g x'g cfºgL >LdtLsf] ;f]x|l;Fuf/b]lv af]nL Jojxf/;Dd 

ä 

nfu]sf] Ps lgxTyf k|hfsf] lbgrof{ o:tf] 5 . :jefljs / noo'Qm nfUg ;SYof], kl5kl5 ToxL 

syfsf] pb\3f6g eJo xf]Og, ;fwf/0f tl/sfn] lbgrof{ eGgfn] syfrl/q eg]/ a'l´of];\ . noo'Qm s'/f] eoo'Qm nfUg] aGYof] . of] klg 

x' Fb} 5, lsgeg] of] ;fwf/0f dfG5]s} syf xf] . syfsf/sf] ;+ljwfgsf] of] cfu|x 5 ._ TolQs} ;To xf] . b]zsf] kfl/jfl/s pvfg–cfxfg 

Tof] ;fwf/0f dfG5], hf] o; d'n'sdf o'uf} Fb]lv 

ä 

xf] of] . >L >j0f s'df/ oxL ;f]r] ]/ xfF:t} lyof], 

ql;t, zf]lift / kLl8t eP/ kL8fsf] 7"nf] kf]sf] t, Tof] ;fwf/0f k|hfsf] gfpF xf] M ;DejtM . 

xf]Og, clezKt Oltxf; af]s]/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . >L >j0fs'df/ . ev{/} !@& wf/fsf] s§/ cg'ofoL …b]lvgf}, 5f]/L x]l//x]sf] †Ú 

ä 

>Ldfg\ k~rdxfan]Zj/ tfn'sf lz/n] p;sf] 5f]/L geGb} lj/fdL lyOg\ . afafaf u/]/ 

s'/f ;fwf/0f dfG5]sf] xf] . olt a]nf tL /f]huf/Lsf] d'xfg y'lglbP/ p;nfO{ ef]sf] / v]Nbfv]Nb} cfF;' ´f/]/ lj/fdL ePsL xf] lxhf] . 

;fwf/0f dfG5]df ;fwf/0ftfsf] vf]n w'hfw'hf a]/f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] /0f;+u|fddf w'/L0f agfP/ sf/0f s] xf] < -syfn] jf:tljstf b[li6uf]r/ 

Rofltg] qmd b]lvFb} yof] . sf/0f s]xL lyPg . 5f]l8lbPsf] lyof] / >Ldfg\ k~rdxfan]Zj/ ;f]Rbf] u¥of] / b]Vof]— lxhf] aGb / sºo{ 'sf] åGå lyof] . 

pgLx¿sf] afFRg';Fu ;DalGwt s]xL kL8f lyof] . xf], …of] d"nfn] w]/} ;fg b]vfpg' d]/f] k]6sf nflu sºo{ 'n] aGbdfly kmfn]sf] c>'UofF;sf] k|efj a8{ºn' 

ä 

ckfRo s'/f t xf] g} . o;}n] o;nfO{ ;a} wf/fsf k}mlnOP;/L >L >j0f s'df/sf] ‰ofnaf6 ;'6'Ss 

clxn] ltgLx¿ kfgL gePsf] wf/f xf]Og, !@& d'xfgdf aGb]h ug] { 3f]if0ff d d]/f nFuf}6L, kl;lbof] / 5f]/L ?g yflng\ . p;} t afGtf / 

sºo{ 'sf] lbg 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

5]/kf6 u/]/ lzlyn ePsf] z/L/ To;dfly -syfn] cfh olt eg]/ df}g eO{ al;lbP t 

c>'UofF;sf] cfudg—s] xf]nf t l:ylt Ps ;fgf] x'g] xf] . kf7sj[Gb, tkfO{ +x¿nfO{ va/ klg ;Dk| ]if0f 

cfsf/sf] k|f0fLsf nflu t eP/ ahf/f]Gd'v aGof] . s] ug] { < syf / kl/jf/ k|hftGq h:t} 

ä 

cGof]nu|:t eP . :jefljs 5 k|Zg, lsgeg] 

ahf/ eg] k|hftGqsf] 5f8fkgf h:tf] cZnLn b]zdf k|hftGq 5 elgG5, t/ k|hftGqdf 

nfUg] vfnsf] ag]sf] lyof] . s'lxPsf], af;L t/sf/L k|hfrflxF sxfF 5 < 

klg k|hftGqsf] sfkmn kfSof] xh'/ wd{/fh 

ä 

yfkfnfO{ rf}tkmL{ ´:sfpg] vfnsf] nf]sno pdfb} { aflx/ pQ/ xf]Og, eofjx b[Zosf] cg]s …km/ 

% ?k}ofF d'7fsf] ;fu !% ?k}ofF, % ?k}ofF kfpsf] PSHofDknÚx¿ t}gfy lyP . cfufsf] d':nf] . 

uf]ne]8f !% ?k}ofF k'u]sf] lyof], t}klg kLl8t k|hf Eofgsf] ;fO/g . uf]nLx¿sf] cfjfh . oL ;a}n] 

dg] { 8/n] xf/fn'6 u/L lsGb} lyP . lsg]/ lsGg af6f] x/fe/f u'Ghfodfg lyof] . >L >j0fs'df/n] 

;s]sf] uj{;fy lnP/ k|hftGq, !@& wf/f, sºo{ ', lg0f{o ug{ ;s]g—s] ug] { < aflx/ lqkIfLo åGå, 

aGb cflbnfO{ cf–cfºgf] tl/sfn] uR5]cg';f/ aGb, sºo{ ' / qf; pknAw b]lvGy] . pm To;dWo] 

ljZn]if0f jf ufnL ub} { kms{ +b} klg lyP . s;sf nflu ;dly{t x'g]—lg0f{o ubf{ gub} { of] 

ä 

csf] { eo b]vf kl/lbof] / of] eosf nflu cGttM 

dfggLo u[xdGqL k|hfs} hLpwgsf] ;'/Iffsf s]xL t ug} { k¥of] . pm cfºgf] ePe/sf k|hfkg 

nflu sºo{ 'nfO{ yk36 / eofjx—cfgGbdo ptf/]/ 5f]/LnfO{ vf:6fdf a]/]/ tn cf]ln{of] . cf]n] {/ 

agfpg] s'/f c´} kmnfSb} x'g'x'GYof] . l6eL / 9f]sf vf]N5 t— aflx/===< ´;+u . 

PkmPd /]l8of]af6 k|;fl/t eO/x]sf] lyof] . 

ä 

ä 

aflx/ !@& gDa/sf] :6]ug plePsf] lyof] . 

>L >j0fs'df/ klg @)) ?k}ofFsf] ;fgf] ´f]nf —P, stf hfg nfu]sf] < 

t/sf/L lsg]/ 3/ kms{ +bf 7"nf] k|hftGq k|fKt —aflx/ xl:k6n . 

ePsf] ;uj{ 5ftL af]s]/ kms{ +b} lyof] . af6fdf —Tof] kf]sf s] xf] < 

csf] { hGdhft lg/Lx cfj/0f af]s]sf] k|hf s]xL —d]/L lj/fdL 5f]/L . 

;f]Wg p;sf cufl8 pleof], r'/f]6 ;Nsfpg —sºo{ ' nflu;Sof] . yfxf 5}g < xfdL k|hfsf] 

nfO6/ dfUg] tl/sfn] . 

hLpwg /Iffy{ v6]sf /Ifs . 7f]s" F uf]nL < 

—…x}g, ldq ca b]z s] x'g] L >j0fs'df/ :tAwM . x'g} k5{ . :jefljs 

—…s:tf] s] x'g] < h] x'g], ToxL x'g] .Ú xf], pm t Pp6f ;fwf/0f k|hf dfq g xf] . 

—…nf]stGq ls 7f]stGq L >j0fs'df/, /f]un] cfqmfGt p;sL 5f]/L, 

dxfzo k|hfn] a'´]g . a'‰g t s] a'l´G5 < tGqa4 k|hftGq / of] syf klg sºo{ 'sf] To; 

g k|hftGq g nf]stGq, g 7f]stGq . o;aLr If0f sfd]/ df}g aGg yfn] . pkfo dfq xf]Og, 

kLl8t k|hf ;w} F zf]lift— a;\ oxL a'´] eOxfN5 . zlQm g} 5}g, s] ug] { < 

—…tkfO{ +n] t/sf/L lsGg'eof] j0fs'df/ h:tf lgxTyf, lg/Lx, 

olt af]n]/ >L >j0fs'df/n] af6f] sf6Øf] . lgd'vf k|hfdf sxfFg]/, s;/L nfu" ug] { < cufl8 

Tof] k|hf lgd'vf cf]9]/ 6\jfF k/L x]l//x]sf] lyof] . pQ/ xf]Og, o'uf} Fb]lv hLjGt eofjx pkl:yt 

ä 

plePsf] lyof] ._ ä 

;"o{sf] ljho 

ä clgtf nfdf 

;f“emsf] dw'/ ;"o{n] 

ha zLtntf 5b} { } lyof] 

pm a]nf zLtntf tfKg]x¿ eGb} lyP, 

ef]ln pHofnf] x'g]5, 

xfd|f nflu vlr{Psf] ;lxbsf] /ut 

To;} v]/ hfg]5}g 

geGb} pgLx¿sf] cfFug 6]Sb} 

b}nf]sf] ;+3f/ pl5Gb} 

Tof] pHofnf] cfOk'Uof] 

Tof] laxfgL cfOk'Uof] 

/lQmd ls/0fdf ¿kfGtl/t eP/ 

ljhosf t/+lut cfjfhx¿ u'lGhP 

ev{/} lht]sf] n8fOFsf] pNnf;df 

:jtGqtfsf] ljhodf 

;a} cfNxflbt eP 

;a}n] tfk] ljhosf] k|r08 /fk 

Tof] :jtGqtfsf] ljhodfq lyPg 

Tof] ;"o{sf] ljho lyof] . 

ä 

a'´]F 

ä gf/fo0f ltjf/L 

3/sf 5fgfx¿ RofltPsf 5g\ 

a'em] F 

cfFvfsf] Hof]lt x/fPsf] 5 

a'em] F 

k]6 vf]qmf] 5 

a'em] F 

cfsfzdf x]lnsf]K6/ p8\5 

a'em] F 

8/fpF5' 

a'em] F 

h+unsfx¿af6 klg 8/ 5 

a'em] F 

zflGt rflxof] 

a'em] F 

:jtGqtfk"j{s afFRg kfOof];\ 

a'em] F 

r]k'jfdf 5' 

a'em] F 

a'em]/ dfq s;/L eof] < 

a'em] F – a'em] F 

x'G5 – x'G5 

a'em] F=== 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 53

+u l8h] ;+:s[lt 

+ 

{ 

{ 

+ 

…P gfgL † /fhfsf] zf;g x' Fbf latf{df]8 g[To k:sg] u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . u'Go'rf]nf] / 

xfGg] log} 5fkfdf/ xf]Ogg\

lxDdtL 

lxDdt 

s7f]/ dg lnP/ ;]gfdf k|j]z u/]sf 

lxDdt g]Djfªsf lktf df]xgs'df/ 

g]Djfªn] slxNo} ;f]r]gg\ – ;]gfdf 

l5/]sf] 5f]/fsf] xftaf6 olt /fd|f 

jf:t'snfsf gd'gf aGnfg\ eg]/ . pgdf /x]sf] jf:t'snf / 

lrqsnfk|ltsf] df]xn] ef/tLo ;]gfaf6 :j]R5fn] cjsfz lnP/ 

cfºgf] k|ltef ltvfg{ nfuL k/]sf pgL emfkfdf snf ;fwssf 

¿kdf lrlgG5g\ . 

;}lgs ;]jfdf 5Fb} cfºgf] k|ltef k|bz{g u/]/ ef/td} ljleGg 

;Ddfg kfO;s]sf g]Djfª aflx/ rrf{df gcfP klg :yfgLo:t/df 

;w+ } rrf{sf kfq x'g\ . cfkm"df ePsf] snf b]vfP/ ;dfhdf cnUu} 

klxrfg agfPsf pgL clxn] o;}nfO{ k];f agfP/ hLjg wflg/x]sf 

5g\ . ;g\ !((@ df ef/tLo ;]gfdf k|j]z u/]sf g]Djfªn] b; jif{ 

ef/tLo ;]gfdf ;]jf u/]kl5 cfºgf] wf]sf] k"/f ug{ pgL k~hfasf] 

hfnGw/ sn]htkm{ nfu] . snf ljifodf :gfts tx;Ddsf] cWoog 

u/]kl5 cfºgf] hGdynf]df kmls{Psf pgnfO{ clxn] 9' +ufsf d"lt{x¿df 

hLjg sf]g{ EofOgEofO 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] 

;Ddfgsf kfq ;d]t ag]sf 5g\, g]Djfª . 

df]km;ndf a;]sf sf/0f /fli6«o rrf{sf gcfP klg k|z:t dfg 

;Ddfg / k'/:sf/n] pgsf] sf]7f el/Psf] 5 . ut jif{ ;flxTo 

rf}tf/L latf{df]8 emfkfåf/f lrqsnftkm{sf] pTs[i6 o'jf ;Ddfgåf/f 

k'/:s[t ePkl5 o; If]qdf pgL nf]slk|o alg/x]sf 5g\ . ä 

bf]xf]/f] k|rf/ 

sltnfO{ alnp8sf l;g]dfeGbf lj1fkgx¿ a9L dg k5{g\, dg 

gk¿g\ klg lsg † 5f]6f] ;dodf cfsif{s lj1fkg k:sg 

alnp8sdL{x¿ dflx/ g} eO;s] . ca xfn}sf] Pp6f lj1fkg g} 

x]/f} + g † alnp8 gfos hf]g ca|fxdn] v]n]sf] of] lj1fkgdf 

pgnfO{ lSnlgs cn lSno/ ;]Dk' / ofdfxf b'j}sf] k|rf/ ul//x]sf] 

b]Vg ;lsG5 . 

b'j} a|fG8sf PDAof;8/ hf]gn] Ps}k6sdf b'O{j6f pTkfbgsf] 

k|rf/ u/]sf] sfObf lj1fkgdf k|of]u ?rfpg]x¿n] lgs} dg k/fPsf 

5g\ . s]xL lbgb]lv dfq k|;f/0f x'g yfn]sf] of] lj1fkgaf/] w]/} s'/f 

atfpg eg] lgdf{0f sDkgLn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . ä 

56 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^#

+u 


sljtf k|bz{gLdf cfPsf bz{sx¿ 

9f]sf vf]N5' 

deGbf klxnf 

xtf/ ub} { 

cfsfz k:5 

3/leq 

d'lQm k:5, gLnf] k:5 clg v'nf xfjf 

k:5 leq 

clg d k:5' 

lrGtfx¿ k:5g\, ysfgx¿ k:5g\ 

Pp6f cs} { cfsfz k:5 

slj 8f= cle ;'j]bLn] b'O{ dlxgfcl3 l;¢fy{ 

cf6{ Uofn/Lsf] kl/;/df :jb]zL / ljb]zL 

v'nf 9f]sf / l;h{gf 

snfsf/n] agfPsf lrq x]/sf lyP, tL lrq 

…v'nf 9f]sfÚdf cfwfl/t lyP . jf:tjdf tL lrq 

x]/]kl5 clen] cfkm"leqsf] sljTjnfO{ klg …v'nf 

9f]sfÚdfkm{t g} kf]v], kl/0fd:j¿k sljtf hlGdof] . 

pgsf] ToxL sljtf clxn] l;¢fy{ cf6{ Uofn/Ln] 

5fk]sf] v'nf 9f]sf lstfadf ;dfj]z 5, dflysf] 

sljtf To;}sf] Psc+z xf] . 

…v'nf 9f]sfÚdf # bh{ghlt sljsf sljtf / 8]9 

bh{ghlt snfsf/sf lrq 5g\, ;a}n] O+lut u/]sf 

5g\ – v'nf 9f]sfsf] dfWodaf6 hLjg / hut\nfO{ . 

v'nf 9f]sfnfO{ sltko ;h{sn] ;d;fdlos 

kl/j]z;Fu bfFh]sf 5g\, sltkon] hLjgbz{g;Fu 

t'ngf u/]sf 5g\ . sltkon] :jtGqtfsf] kof{osf 

lgsf]n ls8Dofgsf] lax] † 

xlnp8 gflosf lgsf]n ls8Dofgsf] Xbodf csf]{ dflg;sf nflu klg 7fp“ /x]5 . 

cf]:sf/ ljh]tf oL gflosfsf] dgdf clxn] klg cfºgf k"j{klt 6d qm'hk|lt dfof t 

5“b} 5, h'g pgn] xfn} :jLsf/;d]t u/]sL 5g\ . oBlk, cfºgf gof“ k|]dL lsy 

ca{g;“u lax] ug]{ kSsfkSsL eO;s]sf] klg pgn] hfgsf/L u/fPsL 5g\ . 

ufossf ¿kdf k|z:t Voflt sdfO;s]sf lsy;“usf] pgsf] ;DaGwn] slxn] 

k"0f{tf kfpg] xf]nf eGg] dlxgf}+sf] cg'dfg lsgf/f nufp“b} lgsf]nn] ca pgL;“u lax] 

ug]{ kSsf eO;s]sf] atfPsL 5g\ . 

…pm;“u d]/f] lax] ug] { s'/f l5lgO;s]sf] 5Ú, oxL ;ftf lgsf]nn] …lkk'nÚ Dofulhg;“u 

elgg\, …ca lsy d]/f] k|]dLdfq /x]g .Ú 

lgsf]n / lsyaLrsf] ;DaGw ut h'nfO{df ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] eg] gf]e]Da/df 

pgLx¿sf] s'/f l5lgPsf] va/n] lgs} rrf{ kfPsf] lyof] . lgsf]nsf] cf}+nfdf 

xL/fsf] ;'Gb/ cf}+7L b]lvPkl5 of] xNnf r'lnPsf] lyof] . clxn] cfP/ pgLx¿sf] 

s'/f l5lgPsf] kSsf eP klg lax]sf] ltly eg] tf]lsPsf] 5}g . 

6d qm'h;“usf] b;jif]{ j}jflxs hLjgaf6 kf“r jif{cl3 lgsf]n cnlUuPsL lyOg\ . 

rf/ jif{eGbf nfdf] ;do PSnf] hLjg latfPkl5 aNn lgsf]nsf] hLjgdf sf]xL 

cfPsf] 5 eg] q'mh csL{ xlnp8 gflosf Sof6L xf]D;;“u /dfO/x]sf 5g\ . ut 

dlxgf qm'h–xf]D;sf] ;DaGwaf6 Ps aflnsfsf] hGd;d]t eO;s]sf] 5 . 

¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ . 

Pp6} ljifodf slj / snfsf/sf cleJolQm 

;d]6]/ tof/ kfl/Psf] lstfa lj/n} ;fj{hlgs 

ePsf] lyof] . o;cy{df of] lstfanfO{ klg 

Pp6f gf}nf] k|of;s} ¿kdf x]l/g'k5{ . ls/0f 

dfGfGw/, d's]z dNn, uf]ljGbk|;fb zfx cfhfb, 

;+uL >]i7, uf]kfn snfk| ]dLnufot snfsf/n] 

k|tLsfTds cleJolQmnfO{ ptf/]sf 5g\ lrqdf . 

To:t} cle ;'j]bL, gf/fo0f 9sfn, ljdn lgef, 

8f= ;~hLj pk| ]tL, cr{gf, 6+s pk| ]tL, /Tgdl0f 

g]kfn, ;+uLtf yfkf, Jofs'n kf7s, d~h'n, 

ljKnj k|tLs, cf/Pd 8+uf]nnufot sljn] 

cfºgf cleJolQm kf]v]sf 5g\, sljtfdfkm{t . ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 55

;do 

cg'xf/ 

ljZjfl;nf ;xof]uL 

nfdf] ;do g]kfnL sf+u| ];sf] d'Vo ;lrj 

eP/ sfd u/]sf j;Gts'df/ uf}td clxn] 

k|wfgdGqL lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lghL 

;lrjfnosf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfln/x]sf 5g\ . 

d[b'efifL / sd af]Ng] uf}td lelqof sfd 

ug{ s'zn dflgG5g\ . @)%# b]lv @)^@ 

df3;Dd uf}tdn] sf+u|];sf b'O{j6f 

cl3j]zg / g]kfnuGh dxf;ldlt a}7s 

;DkGg ug{ ;+:yfkg kIfsf] ljZjf;kfq 

ag]/ e"ldsf v]n]sf lyP . 

ef}lts lj1fgsf] k|fWofkg 5f]8]/ @)$^ 

;fn kl5 sf+u| ]; kf6L{df nfu]sf uf}td 

sf]O/fnfsf ljZjfl;nf ;xof]uL x'g\ . 

@)^@ df3df pgn] crfgs d'Vo 

;lrjaf6 /fhLgfdf lbP . cfºgf 

lgs6x¿;“u pgL k|fWofkgd} kms{g] 

atfp“y] . 

t/, sf]O/fnf k|wfgdGqL 

ag]kl5 uf}td k|d'v :jsLo 

;lrjsf] kbdf 6'Kn'Ss 

cfOk'u] . w]/} sf+u| ];hg 

uf}tdsf] gfd ;'g]/ 

cfZro{df k/]sf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] k|d'v 

;lrjaf6 /fhLgfdf u/]sf uf}td s;/L 

/ s'g Ifdtfn] Toxf“ k'u] eGg] k|Zgsf] 

lrQa'‰bf] pQ/ vf]Hb} 5g\, ljutdf 

sf]O/fnfsf] glhs eP/ sfd u/]sfx? 

klg . 

hgcfGbf]ngsf] andf k|wfgdGqL ag]sf 

sf]O/fnfsf sfFwdf k|Zf:t r'gf}tL 5g\ . 

/fhfsf] /fhgLlts dxŒjfsf+Iff 7]ufg 

nufpg] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ 

/fhgLltdf NofP/ lx+;f ;dfKt ug]{ 

r'gf}tLdf /x]sf sf]O/fnfnfO{ cfºg} 

:jf:Yon] eg] ;fy lbO/x]sf] 5}g . o:tf] 

cj:yfdf …j;Gt ;/Úsf] Ao'/f]qm];L slQsf] 

;xof]uL aGg ;Sg] xf] sf]O/fnfsf nflu, 

clxNo} cg'dfg ug{ ldNb}g . 

uf}td eG5g\, …sl7g kl/l:yltdf d 

PSnf]n] u/]/ dfq x' Fb}g, l6dn] 

;xof]u ug'{ k5{, d ToxL 

dfGotfaf6 lul/hfafa'sf] 

cfu|xdf ;xof]u ug{ 

cfPsf] x' F .Ú ä 

b'u{daf6 s]Gb|df 

b]zs} ljs6 lhNnf x'Dnf, To;df klg x'Dnfsf] 

clt ljs6 dflgg] ;fofdf hlGdPsf bn 

/fjn . P;Pn;L kf; u/]kl5 pgn] k|lt1f 

u/]sf lyP, …ca of] ljs6 lhNnfdf lzIffsf] 

pHofnf] km}nfpg /fd|f] lzIfs aG5' .Ú pgsf] 

of] lg0f{osf] 3/kl/jf/n] ;dy{g klg u/] . 

nfdf] ;do pgL o;df cl8u klg . 

t/ ;fyL;FuLx¿sf] ;+utn] s]xL jif{leq} 

pgsf] hLjgdf csf] { df]8 cfof] . pgn] 

s0ff{nLsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/]/ ljs6 x'Dnfdf 

klxnf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf vf]Ng] lgwf] u/] . 

o;}dfkm{t pgL x'Dnfsf] ljsf;df cgj/t 

h'l6/x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] sfdsf] d"Nof+sg ub} { 

ut ;ftf sf7df8f} +df ePsf] u}/;/sf/L 

;+:yf dxf;+3sf] lgjf{rgdf pgL g]t[Tj 

txdf lgjf{lrt eP . ;w} + g]t[Tjsf] cefj 

/xg] s0ff{nLdf hGd]/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf 

dxf;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd cfOk'Ug] pgL 

klxnf] JolQm x'g\ . 

…ca u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf k|rf/d'vLeGbf klg 

tNnf] / lg/Lx ju{df k'u]/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;]jf 

lbg] nIosf ;fy cufl8 a9\g' k5{Ú, /fjn 

eG5g\ . pgL s0ff{nL / s0ff{nLjf;LnfO{ 

/fli6«o d"nwf/df hf]8\g dxf;+3df cfºgf] 

ljz]if e"ldsf /xg] :ki6 kf5{g\ . …s0ff{nLnfO{ 

k|fyfldstfdf /fVg s]Gb|df kxn ug{ ]5'Ú, pgL 

eG5g\ . ;fdflhs d"No dfGotfdf cl8u 

/x]/ …;+:yf JolQmd'vL geO{ ;dfhd'vL x'g' 

k5{Ú, eg]/ cfjfh p7fpFb} cfO/x]sf /fjnsf] 

casf] of]hgf 5, s0ff{nLdf ;+ljwfg;efsf 

af/]df b]lvPsf] cGof]nsf] cj:yfsf af/]df 

hfu/0f km}nfpg] . ä 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 57 

t]haxfb'/ a:g]t

ef:j/ cf]emf 

58 

o'j/fh l3ld/] 

z"Go ;do 

;jf] {Rr x'g ;Qm}g ;+;b\ 

/fhfsf] ljz]ifflwsf/df s6f}tL :jefljs ck]Iff / st{Jo aGg hfG5 jt{dfg ;+;b\sf], 

t/ ;f+;bx¿sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ / ;'ljwf klg sfg'gåf/f kl/eflift -sf]l8kmfO8_ x'g} 

k5{ . ;jf]{Rr x}l;ot ;+;b\n] xfl;n u/]df ;f+;b / ;+;b\ lg/+s'z aGg]5g\ . 

{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

xfn} ;DkGg hgcfGbf]ngnfO{ cGwfsf] xfQL 

agfpg] k|of;df s]xL ;f+;b nfu]sf 5g\ . 

e+u ug' {kg] dfcf]jfbL dfu / ;+;b\nfO{ ;jf] {Rr 

3f]lift ug] cleofg b'j} plQs} vt/gfs 5g\ . 

Psflt/ pgLx¿ cfGbf]ngsf] :ki6 rfxgfg';f/ /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] k|hftflGqs / ;+j}wflgs ;+:yf 

/fhf tyf /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] 

ljz]ifflwsf/ tyf ;'ljwfsf] s6f}tL ug] cEof;df 

gi6 u/L pTkGg l/Qmtfaf6 /fhgLlts nfe 

lng] c;kmn k|of; u/] . dfcf]jfbL;Fu k|f/lDes 

h'6]sf 5g\ eg] csf] {lt/ cfkm"nfO{ sfg'g / ;xdlt -vf;u/L xltof/ Joj:yfkg tyf 

;+ljwfgeGbf dflysf] Pp6f gjju{sf ¿kdf 

3f]lift ug{ pBt 5g\ . ;+;b\sf] / To;sf 

;+ljwfg;efsf] :j¿k / lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf/]_ 

gagL ;+;b\ / ;+ljwfg e+u ubf{ d'n's ljlwsf] 

sl/a @)) ;b:osf] ;jf] {Rrtf sfg'gL¿kdf k|lqmofaf6 aflx/ ws]lnG5 . Tof] cj:yfnfO{ 

q'l6k"0f{ dfq x}g, ;fj{ef}d hgtfk|ltsf] 3f]/ 

ckdfg / ck/fw x'g]5 . 

dfcf]jfbLn] cfºgf] ;kmntf dfGg] uNtL ug' {x' Fb}g . 

;+;b\ of Joj:yflksf / GofokflnsfaLrsf] 

;+;b\ sfg'g agfpg] ynf] xf] . p;n] ;+sNk zlQm k[ysLs/0f / …r]s PG8 Aofn]G;Úsf] 

kfl/t ub} {df To;df sfg'gsf] x}l;ot xfl;n 

x' Fb}g . ;+sNk s]jn c7f]6sf] cleJolQm xf], 

l;4fGtnfO{ cfGbf]ngsf] dgk/L JofVofåf/f 

w/fzfoL agfPdf jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ;+;b\sf] 

t/ o;}df ;do latfP/ ;+;b\ d'n'snfO{ tfgfzfxL :yflkt x'g ;S5 . To;}n] s]xL 

;+qmd0f tyf åGåaf6 d'lQm lbg]tkm{ cufl8 

al9/x]sf] 5}g, h'g cToGt} b'Mvb s'/f xf] . 

k/Dk/fnfO{ Tofu] klg k'gM:yflkt ;+;b\n] 

cfjZos sfg'g agfpg] tyf ljBdfg sfg'gnfO{ 

k|ltkIfljxLg ;+;b\ /fli6«o ;xdltsf Ph]G8f ;+zf]wg ug] k|rng / k|lqmofcGtu{t g} pm 

3f]lift ug{ lsg olt k5fl8 kl//x]sf] 5 < 

o;df vf;u/L tLgj6f k|d'v sf/0f b]vfk/]sf 

/xg' kg] x'G5 . /fhfsf] ljz]ifflwsf/df s6f}tL 

:jefljs ck]Iff / st{Jo aGg hfG5 jt{dfg 

5g\ . ;ft bn u7aGwgdf /fhgLlts lgsf; ;+;b\sf], t/ ;f+;bx¿sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ / ;'ljwf 

/ dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x ;dfwfgaf/] afx|a'Fb] 

;dembf/Lsf afah'b Psdt aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . 

klg sfg'gåf/f kl/eflift -sf]l8kmfO8_ x'g} k5{ . 

;jf] {Rr x}l;ot ;+;b\n] xfl;n u/]df ;f+;b / 

bf];|f], ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿ ;8s ;+;b\ lg/+s'z aGg]5g\ . 

dfgl;stfaf6} u|:t 5g\ / t];|f] dfcf]jfbLsf] 

jftf{k|ltsf] 3f]lift k|lta4tf ljkl/t rGbf 

cufl8sf] ofqfsf nflu ;ft bn / dfcf]jfbL 

;dembf/Lsf] cflwsfl/s JofVof / 3f]if0ff t 

cft+s / c;'nL hf/L 5Fbf pgLx¿dfly hgtfsf] cfjZos 5 g}, Tof];Fu} dfcf]jfbL kIf s]df :ki6 

cljZjf; sd x'g;s]sf] 5}g . 

To;}n] oL ljs[ltx¿sf] ;dfwfg geP;Dd 

x'g' cfjZos 5 eg] xltof/ Joj:yfkg / To;k"j{ 

To;nfO{ k|of]u gul/g] jrg pgLx¿n] glbP;Dd 

jt{dfg /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f / dfcf]jfbL g ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f aG5, g 

;d:ofsf] plrt ;dfwfg e]6\g ;xh b]lvFb}g . 

jt{dfg ;+ljwfg / k'gM:yflkt ;+;b\nfO{ tTsfn 

t To:tf] lgjf{rgnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o hut\n] g} dfGotf 

lbG5 . afx|a' Fb] ;dembf/Ldf bn / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 

;do á h]7 !!, @)^# 

;Fu} Nofpg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] ef/t;d]t 

dfcf]jfbLåf/f hf/L rGbf cft+s tyf x]6f} +8fdf 

cflwsfl/s of cGoyf pBf]uwGbf aGb ug] { 

wDsLkl5 dfcf]jfbL lgotdfly ;z+lst x'g yfn]sf] 

5 . o;sf ;fy} zflGtjftf{ / xltof/ Joj:yfkg 

lgu/fgLdf dfcf]jfbLn] ?rfPsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] 

;d]t afnetL{ aGb / lzIff If]qnfO{ afwf gk'¥ofpg 

dfcf]jfbLnfO{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . 

t/ ;ft bnsf] cu|udg / lbuf] zflGtdf 

afws dfcf]jfbL dfq geO{ bnx¿ cfkm}df 

cfTdljgfzsf] zlQm 5 . ;ft bn u7aGwgsf 

nLnfdl0f kf]v|]nn] ;]gfsf] k/dflwkltaf/] 

z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] d'vdf Pp6f jfSo xflnlbFbf 

emG8} sf7df8f}+df Clts /f]zg sf08sf] 

k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] lyof] . b]pjfn] To;sf] v08g 

u/]sf 5g\, t/ u7aGwgn] cfºg} 36sx¿sf 

nflu cfrf/;+lxtf agfPsf] 5}g . Pdfn] 

;/sf/df 5, t/ dxf;lrj dfwjs'df/ g]kfn 

;/sf/nfO{ leqaf6 bafa lbg'sf] ;f6f] 

;fj{hlgs ¿kdf cfnf]rgf / dfu /fVg] u5{g\ . 

;/sf/sf] ;'ljwf / k|ltkIfsf] :jtGqtf ;+;bLo 

k/Dk/fdf ;Qfwf/L bn;Fu x' Fb}g . Pscsf{ lj?4 

;fj{hlgs l6Kk0fL aGb ug{ / u7aGwgsf 

kf6L{x¿ rf]Ol6Fbf hGd]sf] ;d"xnfO{ u7aGwgleq 

7fpF glbg] ;xdlt gag]df u7aGwg /fhgLlts 

l9sLRofpF aGg'sf ;fy} aflx/L k|efjaf6 sdhf]/ 

x'g] ;Defjgf k|z:t /xG5 . 

t/ ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] ;/sf/– 

dfcf]jfbL jftf{sf] ;'?jft :jLsfo{ k|lqmof / 

;sf/fTds jftfj/0fcGtu{t / Tof] k|lqmof 

;+j}wflgs l/Qmtfdf x'g ;Qm}g . To;n] g} 

zflGt, k|hftGq / ;d[l4sf] kfOnf agfpg]5 .

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