![lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...](https://img.yumpu.com/6479513/89/500x640/lg0fo-g-amp-gsfk-jfrr-cbfnt-ljzif-ohnf-dfgglo-.jpg)
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
ug{ ;Sg] . k|:t't ljjfb dWo:yn] lbPsf] award ab/ ;DaGwL gePsf] x'Fbf To; tkm{ ljrf/} ug{ k/]g . #= dWo:y lgo'lQm ;DaGwdf P]gsf] bkmf ^ / & df :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . bkmf ^ / & sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] x}l;ot dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { appointing authority sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ] 5 . P]gsf] bkmf ^ / & cfsif{0f x'g ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ s'/f kIfx? aLr s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To;/L pTkGg ljjfb dWo:yåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg] Joj:yf ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] x'g'k5{ . o;nfO{ agreement to arbitrate cyjf arbitration clause klg elgG5 . To;/L kIfx?n] ;Demf}tfdf agreement to arbitrate sf] Joj:yf ;Demf}tfdf /fv]df dfq k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] appointing authority sf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L dWo:y lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sb5 . olb ;Demf}tdf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] Joj:yf g} pNn]v gePdf jf dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg ug] { arbitration clause sf] Joj:yf gePdf P]gsf] bkmf #-@_ sf] cj:yfdf jfx]s k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] appointing authority sf] e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sg] b]lv+b}g . $= ;Demf}tf eg]sf] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L kIfx? ldnL s'g} sfd s] s:tf] zt{df ;DkGg ug] { egL cfk;L dGh'/Ln] n]va4 u/L tof/ u/]sf] zt{o'Qm lnvt xf], h;nfO{ ;Demf}tf, s/f/ cflb gfdfs/0f ul/G5 . agreement to arbitrate klg ;Demf}tfsf] Ps cleGg zt{ xf] . ;Demf}tfn] k"0f{tf / sfg"gL dfGotf kfpg ;Demf}tfdf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] Joj:yf ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g 216 c+s @ clgjfo{ x'Fb}g . ;Demf}tfdf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg] Joj:yf ;dfj]z u/]klg dWo:ytf ug] { JolQmsf] ;+Vof s] slt x'g]< dWo:y sf] x'g]< dWo:y s;/L lgo'lQm ug] { ljlw cflb ;Demf}tfdf s]lx pNn]v gePsf] klg x'g ;Sb5 . ;Demf}tfdf dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { ljlw, dWo:ysf] ;+Vof jf dWo:y x'g] JolQm jf s'g} authority g} dWo:y x'g] elg ;Demf}tfdf :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] x'g klg ;S5, o;/L ;+Vof ljlw cflb pNn]v ePsf]df pNn]lvt ljlw cg';f/ dWo:y lgo'lQm x'g ;Sbf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] appointing authority sf] s'g} e"ldsf x'Fb}g . ;Demf}tfdf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg] Joj:yf pNn]v ePsf] t/ dWo:y s] s;/L lgo'lQm ug] {, dWo:ysf] ;+Vof slt x'g], ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f pNn]v gePsf]df cyjf ;Demf}tdf dWo:y lgo'Qm ug] { ljlw / dWo:ysf] ;+Vof cflb ;d]t :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] t/ pNn]v ePsf] k|lqmof / ljlw ckgfpFbf klg dWo:y lgo'lQm x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf bkmf & adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] cfk"mdf ePsf] appointing authority sf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L dWo:y lgo'lQm ug'{kg] { x'G5 . %= dWo:y P]g @)%% sf] bkmf # o; k|sf/ 5M ÆdWo:ytfåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg] {M -!_ s'g} ;Demf}tf dWo:ytfåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg ul/g] Joj:yf ePsf]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf jf ;f] cGtu{tsf ljifo;+u ;DalGwt ljjfb ;Demf}tfdf g} sfo{ljlw pNn]v
ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o; P]g adf]lhd dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg] {5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ldnfkq x'g ;Sg] Jofkfl/s k|s[ltsf] s'g} b]jfgL d'2f ;DalGwt kIfx?n] dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPdf To:tf] ljjfb ;d]t dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg' kg] {5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] 5 . ^= bkmf # sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ b'a} kIfn] ;Demf}tfdf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg] Joj:yf pNn]v u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df voluntarily cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q oust u/]sf] elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt cbfntn] clwsf/ If]q u|x0f u/L ;Demf}tfdf pTkGg To:tf] s/f/Lo ljjfbsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;Sb}g . ;Demf}tfdf dWo:yåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg] Joj:yf tyf dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { ljlw dWo:ysf] ;+Vof cflb ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]df klg ;Demf}tfsf Ps kIfn] ljjfb ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg /fv]sf] k|:tfj csf] { kIfn] gdfgL dWo:y lgo'lQmsf] sfo{df c;xof]u u/L jf cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 dWo:y lgo'lQm gu/L ;Demf}tfsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg] Joj:yfnfO{ frustrate lg/y{s ug] { k|oTg ug{ ;Sb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|:t't ljjfbdf ljkIfL 7]s]bf/n] dWo:yåf/f g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ 217 ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg /fv]sf] k|:tfj lgj]bs sDkgLn] dWo:y lgo'lQm ug{ cfjZos 5}g eg]sf] eGg] kmfonaf6 b]lv+bf dWo:yåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg] ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf lg/y{s ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L pkrf/ :j?k dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf & n] k'g/fj]bg cbfntnfO{ appointing authority sf] clwsf/ lbPsf] xf] . &= bf]>f] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ljjfb ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg] Joj:yf Ps k|efjsf/L / ;zSt dfWod xf] . k/Dk/fut cbfntaf6 ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg u/fpg] Joj:yfsf] ljsNkdf dWo:ynfO{ lnOG5 . dWo:yåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg u/fpg] forum l56f] 5l/tf] / z'ne dflgG5 . k/Dk/fut cbfntaf6 ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{nfO{ cbfntsf] cfkm\g} sfo{ljlw sfg"g cg';f/ d'2fsf] sf/jfxL ul/G5 . cbfntdf tf]lsPsf GofofwLzx?af6 d'2f lg/f]k0f ul/G5 t/ dWo:yåf/f ljjfb ;dfwfg ug] { sf/jfxLdf ljjfbsf] ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg ePsf] JolQmnfO{ kIfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf] dWo:y /f]hL dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/G5 / To;/L lgo'Qm dWo:yx?n] ldnL d'Vo dWo:ysf] ?kdf t];|f] dWo:y rog u/L plgx? ;dIf cfkm\gf] ljjfb k]z u/L ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg u/fOG5 . o:tf] sf/jfxLdf cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw sfg"g k|of]u u/L /xg' kb} {g . kIfx? ldn]/ cfkm\gf] ljjfbsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} to ub{5g\ / o;sf] ;fy} cbfntdf h:tf] cfkm\gf] d'2fsf] kfnf] slxn] cfpnf elg k|ltIffdf /xg kb} {g . dWo:yåf/f
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51 and 52: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 53 and 54: g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57 and 58: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 59 and 60: ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63 and 64: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 65 and 66: cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79 and 80: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 81 and 82: df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf
- Page 83 and 84: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 85 and 86: o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePs
- Page 87: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
- Page 103 and 104: pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L rqm laqmd
- Page 105 and 106: appeal. Judicial review is directed
- Page 107 and 108: df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGt/f{li6
- Page 109 and 110: pQm Convention nfu" x'g] specialize
- Page 111 and 112: which an opinion is required, and a
- Page 113 and 114: pGd'lQm k|fKt x'g'kg] { clwsf/Lsf]
- Page 115 and 116: lg0f{o g+=&(#% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;af] {
- Page 117 and 118: ;Demf}tf /2 u/]df clGtd e'StfgL ePs
- Page 119 and 120: Kof8df ldlt ;d]t pNn]v 5}g . olb ;f
- Page 121 and 122: ;L_ adf]lhd lakIfLnfO{ ! dlxgfsf] ;
- Page 123 and 124: lg0f{o g+=&(#^ g]=sf=k= @)^% ;af] {
- Page 125 and 126: naxfb'/ kf}8]n, x]daxfb'/ kf}8]n ;d
- Page 127 and 128: o;df jf/bftdf pkl:yt 7fn'dfg kf}8]n
- Page 129 and 130: v'kf{ h:tf] hf]lvdL wfl/nf] xltof/s
- Page 131 and 132: lgh d[ts jf lghsf] xsbf/ plDsg kfpg
- Page 133 and 134: d'2faf6 lgnDagdf k/]sf] xf] ;f] d'2
- Page 135 and 136: lg0f{o g+=&(#* g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 137 and 138: ;d]t lsQf hUufsf] @)%^ ;fnsf] s'tjf
ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd /<br />
gePsf]df o; P]g adf]lhd<br />
dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg'<br />
kg] {5 .<br />
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f<br />
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg <strong>cbfnt</strong>df<br />
bfo/ ePsf] k|rlnt sfg"g<br />
adf]lhd ldnfkq x'g ;Sg]<br />
Jofkfl/s k|s[ltsf] s'g} b]<strong>jf</strong>gL d'2f<br />
;DalGwt kIfx?n] dWo:ytfåf/f<br />
;dfwfg ul/kfpFm egL lgj]bg<br />
lbPdf To:tf] lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;d]t<br />
dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg'<br />
kg] {5Æ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] 5 .<br />
^= bkmf # sf] Joj:yf<br />
cg';f/ b'a} kIfn] ;Demf}tfdf lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf]<br />
;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg] Joj:yf<br />
pNn]v u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df voluntarily<br />
<strong>cbfnt</strong>sf] clwsf/ If]q oust u/]sf]<br />
elgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfsf]<br />
Joj:yf ljk/Lt <strong>cbfnt</strong>n] clwsf/ If]q<br />
u|x0f u/L ;Demf}tfdf pTkGg To:tf]<br />
s/f/Lo lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf] ;'g'<strong>jf</strong>O{ ug{ ;Sb}g .<br />
;Demf}tfdf dWo:yåf/f lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg<br />
u/fpg] Joj:yf tyf dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] {<br />
ljlw dWo:ysf] ;+Vof cflb ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx?<br />
;d]t pNn]v ePsf]df klg ;Demf}tfsf<br />
Ps kIfn] lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f<br />
u/fpg /fv]sf] k|:tfj csf] { kIfn] gdfgL<br />
dWo:y lgo'lQmsf] sfo{df c;xof]u u/L<br />
<strong>jf</strong> cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 dWo:y lgo'lQm gu/L<br />
;Demf}tfsf] lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg u/fpg]<br />
Joj:yfnfO{ frustrate lg/y{s ug] { k|oTg<br />
ug{ ;Sb5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu k|:t't<br />
lj<strong>jf</strong>bdf ljkIfL 7]s]bf/n] dWo:yåf/f<br />
g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)<strong>^%</strong>, c+ +s @<br />
217<br />
lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg u/fpg /fv]sf] k|:tfj<br />
lgj]bs sDkgLn] dWo:y lgo'lQm ug{<br />
cfjZos 5}g eg]sf] eGg] kmfonaf6<br />
b]lv+bf dWo:yåf/f lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg u/fpg]<br />
;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf lg/y{s ePsf]<br />
b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L<br />
pkrf/ :j?k dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf]<br />
bkmf & n] k'g/fj]bg <strong>cbfnt</strong>nfO{<br />
appointing authority sf] clwsf/ lbPsf]<br />
xf] .<br />
&= bf]>f] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf<br />
x]bf{ lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg dWo:yåf/f u/fpg]<br />
Joj:yf Ps k|efjsf/L / ;zSt dfWod<br />
xf] . k/Dk/fut <strong>cbfnt</strong>af6 lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf]<br />
;dfwfg u/fpg] Joj:yfsf] ljsNkdf<br />
dWo:ynfO{ lnOG5 . dWo:yåf/f lj<strong>jf</strong>b<br />
;dfwfg u/fpg] forum l56f] 5l/tf] /<br />
z'ne dflgG5 . k/Dk/fut <strong>cbfnt</strong>af6<br />
lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg ug{nfO{ <strong>cbfnt</strong>sf] cfkm\g}<br />
sfo{ljlw sfg"g cg';f/ d'2fsf] sf/<strong>jf</strong>xL<br />
ul/G5 . <strong>cbfnt</strong>df tf]lsPsf<br />
GofofwLzx?af6 d'2f lg/f]k0f ul/G5 t/<br />
dWo:yåf/f lj<strong>jf</strong>b ;dfwfg ug] {<br />
sf/<strong>jf</strong>xLdf lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf] lj<strong>if</strong>oj:t'sf] 1fg<br />
ePsf] JolQmnfO{ kIfx?n] cf–cfkm\gf]<br />
dWo:y /f]hL dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/G5 /<br />
To;/L lgo'Qm dWo:yx?n] ldnL d'Vo<br />
dWo:ysf] ?kdf t];|f] dWo:y rog u/L<br />
plgx? ;dIf cfkm\gf] lj<strong>jf</strong>b k]z u/L<br />
lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf] ;dfwfg u/fOG5 . o:tf]<br />
sf/<strong>jf</strong>xLdf <strong>cbfnt</strong>sf] sfo{ljlw sfg"g<br />
k|of]u u/L /xg' kb} {g . kIfx? ldn]/<br />
cfkm\gf] lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf] ;'g'<strong>jf</strong>O{sf] sfo{ljlw<br />
cfkm} to ub{5g\ / o;sf] ;fy} <strong>cbfnt</strong>df<br />
h:tf] cfkm\gf] d'2fsf] kfnf] slxn] cfpnf<br />
elg k|ltIffdf /xg kb} {g . dWo:yåf/f
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