lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
l;4fGt lqmoflzn x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g / d]/f] / k|TohL{sf aLrdf collateral contract ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . s/f/sf] k|efjsf/Ltf l/6 If]qaf6 x]g{ ldNg] xf]Og . dWo:y lgo'lQmsf] dfu xbDofb leq /x]sf] jf g/x]sf] eGg] laifo g} s/f/sf] k|efjsf/Ltfsf] k|Zg xf] . k|ToyL{n] dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ -!_ jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of cjnDag ug'{ ePsf] 5}g . pQm bkmf !^ -!_ jdf]lhdsf] dfu{ oyfjt /xFbf /xFb} bfo/ u/]sf] l/6 vf/]h efuL 5 . k|ToyL{n] d ;d]t pk/ bfo/ ug'{ ePsf] @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=))*! df ;d]t o; l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fpg' ePsf sfg"gL tYo ;+j}wflgs k|Zg p7fpg' ePsf]df of] l/6 c=a+=*% g+=/ g+=;d]t ljk/Lt 5 . k|ToyL{n] p7fpg' ePsf] d"n ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+=%! -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] ;Dk"0f{ k|s[ofsf] canDag x'g' kg] { lhls/ lng' ePsf] 5 . d}n] k|ToyL{ lgj]bsnfO{ ldlt @)^@.%.* sf] kqdf Ifltk'lt{ / e'QmfgLsf] bfjL k]z u/] kZrft k|ToyL{n] ;f] jdf]lhd gu/] kl5 k'gM @)^@.!).!& sf] kq dfk{mt ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf !$ cGtu{t lajfbsf] lg/f]k0fsf] dfu u/]sf] 5' . k'gM d]/f] @)^@.!).!& sf] lgj]bg k|ToyL{n] k|fKt u/] kZrft d"n ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf %! -#_ jdf]lhdsf] k|s[of ckgfpg] bfloTj k|ToyL{sf] xf] . k|ToyL{sf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] k|s[of ckgfpFbf dWo:y x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf b]vfpg ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . o; cj:yfdf dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf & -!_ cfslif{t eP kZrft k|ToyL{n] dWo:y lgo'lQm k|s[ofdf pbfl;gtf b]vfP kZrft 212 c+s @ cbfntn] P]gsf] bkmf & -#_ sf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { tk{m Goflos k|s[of cufl8 a9fpFbf d"n ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf %! -!_ -@_ / -#_ uf}0f x'g k'Ub5 . o; cj:yfdf dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% / dWo:ytf -cbfntlL sfo{ljlw_ lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod ^ jdf]lhd dWo:y lgo'lQm ubf{ lakIfLsf] df}lns xs jf sfg"gL xs cf3fltt gx'g] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k| ]m08; sg6«S;g k|f=ln=sf] lnlvt hjfkm . k|m]08; sG:6«S;g sDkgLn] bfjL u/]sf] /sd bfjLsf ;DaGwdf sfg"g jdf]lhdsf] dfu cjnDag u/] s'g} cfklQ gx'g] hjfkm g]zgn sG;6«S;g sDkgLaf6 k|fKt ePsfn] cbfntaf6 dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/kfpFm eGg] d'Vo dfu /x]sf]df Pg=;L=;L=Pg / hgsk'/ c+rn c:ktfnsf] aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+=%! -!_ -@_ / -#_ df pn]v eP jdf]lhdsf zt{nfO{ k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= / l/6 lgj]bg aLr ePsf] kl5Nnf] @)%&.*.# sf] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+=!# g+=df :jLsfl/P cg'?k o; cbfntaf6 l/6 lgj]bgnfO{ cfˆgf] tk{msf dWo:ysf] gfd k|:tfj ug{ cfb]z ul/Psf]df ldlt @)^#.$.!! sf] tf/]v g} u'hf/L a;]sfn] lgj]bs k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= sf] tk{maf6 al/i7 clwjQmf >L nIdLaxfb'/ lg/fnfnfO{ cWo:tf P]g, @)%% / dWo:tf lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod ^ jdf]lhd dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/Psf] xf] . ;f]xL lgodsf] !) jdf]lhd dWo:y lgo'lQmsf] hfgsf/L lgj]bs / dWo:ytfnfO{ ;d]t oyfzSo lbg' egL ldlt @)^#.$.@* df
o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePsf] x'Fbf pQm k}m;nf ab/ x'g g;Sg] e} l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] lnlvt hjfkm . o;df hgsk'/ c+rn c:ktfn tyf Pg=;L=;L=Pg=sf aLrdf @)%&.@.!# df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf %! -!_ -@_ - #_ x]bf{ k|yd kIf hgsk'/ c+rn c:ktfn / lakIfL k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= aLrdf ePsf] eGg] klg b]lvg cfpFb}g . Pg=;L=;L=Pg= / k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln=sf aLrdf ePsf] ldlt @)%&.#.* sf] ;Demf}tfdf 5'§} dWo:ytfsf] Joj:yf ePsf] klg kfOb}g . o; l:yltdf Pg=l;=l;=Pg / k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= aLrsf] lajfbsf] lgK6f/f klg dWo:yåf/f g} x'g] gx'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf] Joj:yf af/] la:t[t laj]rgf ul/g' kg] { l:ylt b]lvG5 . dWo:ytfsf] lgo'lQm e};s]sf] / lghn] sfd z'? ug] { k|jn ;Defjgf klg ePsf] x'Fbf tTsfnsf] nflu cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] g} b]lv+bf plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] lg?k0f e} of] l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd lg0f{o geP ;Dd dWo:ytfn] o; af/] s'g} sfd sf/jfxL cufl8 ga9fpg' egL ldlt @)^#.!).@@ df o; cbfntaf6 hf/L ePsf] cGtl/d cfb]z lg/Gt/ u/L lbPsf] 5 eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^#.!@.^.# sf] cfb]z . k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.$.@* sf] lg0f{o jdf]lhd dnfO{ dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/Psf] x'Fbf d}n] dWo:ysf] x}l;otn] sf/jfxL k|f/De ug] { g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ ;Gbe{df ;j{ k|yd lgikIftfsf] nflu ;ky u|x0f u/]sf] 5' . kmn:j?k d}n] ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L lgikIftfk"j{s lgjf{x ug] { jfx]s kIfkft ug] { 5}g eGg] lgla{jfb 5 . lgj]bs lsg dWo:yaf6 efUg vf]h]sf] xf], a'‰g sl7g 5 . h] cfwf/ a'Fbf lakIfLn] l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fpg' ePsf] 5 tL ;a} k|Zgsf] ;dfwfg dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ n] O+lut u/]s} 5 . ctM l/6 lgj]bg ;j{yf sfg"g / ;+ljwfgsf] ljk/Lt 5, vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dWo:y nIdLaxfb'/ lg/fnfsf] ldlt @)^#.!!.!@ sf] lnlvt hjfkm . lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"lrdf r9L k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg ldl;n sfuhft cWoog ul/of] . lgj]bs tk{msf ljåfg clwjQmf åo >L ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / >L of]u]Gb|axfb'/ clwsf/Ln] ædWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { k|fjwfg xfd|f] kIf / hgsk'/ c+rn c:ktfnsf jLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5 . xfd|f] kIf / lakIf k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= sf jLr ePsf] bf]>f] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5}g . lgj]bs / lakIfL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gn] tL ;Demf}tfsf] unt JofVof u/L dWo:y lgo'lQm ug] { k}m;nf sfg"g Pj+ ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{ ljk/Lt x'Fbf pQm k}m;nf pTk| ]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L xfd|f] kIf / lakIfL k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln=sf jLrsf] pTkGg k|:t't lajfbsf] clGtd lgK6f/f Pg=l;=l;=Pg=sf] board åf/f u/fpg' eGg] k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L xf]; eGg] ax; ug'{eof] . lakIfL k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= sf] tk{maf6 /xg' ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf 213
- Page 33 and 34: ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf/bftsf] k|ToIfb
- Page 35 and 36: kl/jf/sf xh/a'jf / gflt gftfsf JolQ
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51 and 52: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 53 and 54: g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57 and 58: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 59 and 60: ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63 and 64: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 65 and 66: cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79 and 80: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 81 and 82: df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf
- Page 83: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 87 and 88: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 89 and 90: ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o;
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
- Page 103 and 104: pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L rqm laqmd
- Page 105 and 106: appeal. Judicial review is directed
- Page 107 and 108: df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGt/f{li6
- Page 109 and 110: pQm Convention nfu" x'g] specialize
- Page 111 and 112: which an opinion is required, and a
- Page 113 and 114: pGd'lQm k|fKt x'g'kg] { clwsf/Lsf]
- Page 115 and 116: lg0f{o g+=&(#% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;af] {
- Page 117 and 118: ;Demf}tf /2 u/]df clGtd e'StfgL ePs
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- Page 131 and 132: lgh d[ts jf lghsf] xsbf/ plDsg kfpg
- Page 133 and 134: d'2faf6 lgnDagdf k/]sf] xf] ;f] d'2
o; <strong>cbfnt</strong>df sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf<br />
ePsf] x'Fbf<br />
pQm k}m;nf ab/ x'g g;Sg]<br />
e} l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t<br />
Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg <strong>cbfnt</strong>, kf6gsf]<br />
lnlvt h<strong>jf</strong>km .<br />
o;df hgsk'/ c+rn c:ktfn<br />
tyf Pg=;L=;L=Pg=sf aLrdf @)%&.@.!#<br />
df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf %! -!_ -@_ -<br />
#_ x]bf{ k|yd kIf hgsk'/ c+rn<br />
c:ktfn / lakIfL k| ]m08; sG:6«S;g<br />
k|f=ln= aLrdf ePsf] eGg] klg b]lvg<br />
cfpFb}g . Pg=;L=;L=Pg= / k| ]m08;<br />
sG:6«S;g k|f=ln=sf aLrdf ePsf] ldlt<br />
@)%&.#.* sf] ;Demf}tfdf 5'§}<br />
dWo:ytfsf] Joj:yf ePsf] klg kfOb}g .<br />
o; l:yltdf Pg=l;=l;=Pg / k| ]m08;<br />
sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= aLrsf] la<strong>jf</strong>bsf]<br />
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;DaGwdf dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf]<br />
Joj:yf af/] la:t[t laj]rgf ul/g' kg] {<br />
l:ylt b]lvG5 . dWo:ytfsf] lgo'lQm<br />
e};s]sf] / lghn] sfd z'? ug] { k|jn<br />
;Defjgf klg ePsf] x'Fbf<br />
tTsfnsf] nflu<br />
cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg] g} b]lv+bf<br />
plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] lg?k0f e}<br />
of] l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd <strong>lg0f</strong>{o geP<br />
;Dd dWo:ytfn] o; af/] s'g} sfd<br />
sf/<strong>jf</strong>xL cufl8 ga9fpg' egL ldlt<br />
@)^#.!).@@ df o; <strong>cbfnt</strong>af6 hf/L<br />
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sf] cfb]z .<br />
k'g/fj]bg <strong>cbfnt</strong>, kf6gsf] ldlt<br />
@)^#.$.@* sf] <strong>lg0f</strong>{o jdf]lhd dnfO{<br />
dWo:y lgo'lQm ul/Psf] x'Fbf<br />
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g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)<strong>^%</strong>, c+ +s @<br />
;Gbe{df ;j{ k|yd lgikIftfsf] nflu<br />
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;'lDkPsf] lhDd]<strong>jf</strong>/L lgikIftfk"j{s lg<strong>jf</strong>{x<br />
ug] { <strong>jf</strong>x]s kIfkft ug] { 5}g eGg] lgla{<strong>jf</strong>b<br />
5 . lgj]bs lsg dWo:yaf6 efUg<br />
vf]h]sf] xf], a'‰g sl7g 5 . h] cfwf/<br />
a'Fbf<br />
lakIfLn] l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fpg'<br />
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P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ n] O+lut u/]s} 5<br />
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;+ljwfgsf] ljk/Lt 5, vf/]h ul/kfpFm<br />
eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dWo:y nIdLaxfb'/<br />
lg/fnfsf] ldlt @)^#.!!.!@ sf] lnlvt<br />
h<strong>jf</strong>km .<br />
lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"lrdf r9L<br />
k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg ldl;n<br />
sfuhft cWoog ul/of] . lgj]bs tk{msf<br />
ljåfg clwjQmf åo >L ab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{<br />
/ >L of]u]Gb|axfb'/ clwsf/Ln] ædWo:y<br />
lgo'lQm ug] { k|fjwfg xfd|f] kIf / hgsk'/<br />
c+rn c:ktfnsf jLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf<br />
pNn]v 5 . xfd|f] kIf / lakIf k| ]m08;<br />
sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= sf jLr ePsf] bf]>f]<br />
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5}g . lgj]bs /<br />
lakIfL k'g/fj]bg <strong>cbfnt</strong>, kf6gn] tL<br />
;Demf}tfsf] unt JofVof u/L dWo:y<br />
lgo'lQm ug] { k}m;nf sfg"g Pj+ ePsf]<br />
;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt zt{ ljk/Lt x'Fbf<br />
pQm k}m;nf pTk| ]<strong>if</strong>0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L<br />
xfd|f] kIf / lakIfL k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g<br />
k|f=ln=sf jLrsf] pTkGg k|:t't la<strong>jf</strong>bsf]<br />
clGtd lgK6f/f Pg=l;=l;=Pg=sf] board<br />
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xf]; eGg] ax; ug'{eof]<br />
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lakIfL k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln=<br />
sf] tk{maf6 /xg' ePsf ljåfg clwjQmf<br />
213