lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
tkm{af6 lbO;s]sf] lyof] . o;/L cl3 g} k6s k6s ljkIfL 7]s]bf/n] k]z u/]sf yk e'QmfgLsf] bfjL lgj]bs sDkgLn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbO;s] kl5 klg yk /sd lbnfO{ kfpF elg kq n]Vg] sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf]df lgj]bs ;+rfns ;ldltsf] txdf k]z e} ljrf/fwLg /x]s} cj:yfdf lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug{ elg ljkIfL ;DdfgLt k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 cfb]z ;lxt Dofb k|fKt x'g cfPsfn] ljkIfLsf] kl5Nnf] kqsf ;DaGwdf yk sf/jfxL ug'{ k]g{ cj:yf g/xL lgj]bs sDkgLn] cfb]z adf]lhdsf] dgfl;j cfwf/ sf/0f ;lxt Dofb leq} lnlvt hjfkm k|:t't u/L dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% tyf s/f/ P]g, @)%^ adf]lhd Dofb ;d]t gf3L k/]sf] lgj]bg / e'QmfgL /fkm;fkm e};s]sf] ljifodf dWo:ytfsf] k|s[of k|f/De ug{ gldNg] egL ;lj:tf/ lgj]bs sDkgLn] cg'/f]w u/L ;s]sf] cj:yf lyof] t/ ldlt @)^#.#.#@ ut]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] cfb]zaf6 lgj]bs sDkgL 7]SsfbftfnfO{ cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 dWo:y lgo'Qm x'g] # hgf JolQmsf] gfd / lghx?sf] ;xdlt !% lbg leq bflvnf ug{ nufO{ k]z ug'{ eGg] ePsf cfb]z k|rlnt dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% Pj+ sDkgL P]g, @)%^ ;d]tsf] Joj:yfn] lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd dWo:ytfaf6 lg0f{o x'g' kg] { jf x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] u}/ ljBdfgtfdf k|:t't sf/jfxL rfn' /fvL dWo:ysf] lgo'lQm ul/lbg] / tTkZrft dWo:ytf dfkm{tsf] sfd sf/jfxL cl3 a9\g] lglZrt ePsf] / pQm cfb]z sfof{Gjog x'Fbf lgj]bsn] u}/sfg"gL ?kdf dWo:yx?sf] lgo'lQmdf 208 c+s @ ;xdlt hgfPsf] 7xg] { tyf u}/sfg"gL sfd sf/jfxLn] dfGotf kfpg] / To;/L u7g ul/g] dWo:yx?sf] lg0f{oaf6 sfod x'g ;Sg] bfloTjx? ;d]t Joxf]g'{ kg] { cj:yf lgj]bs sDkgL h:tf] ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf :yflkt sDkgLn] sl7g cfly{s kl/l:yltdf cgfjZos yk cfly{s Jooef/ v]Kg' kg] { eGb} pQm ldlt @)^#.#.#@ sf] cfb]z ab/ u/fO{ dfUg ;Ddflgt cbfntdf ldlt @)^#.$.@! ut] l/=g+= ))*! df cGtl/d cfb]z ;lxt pTk| ]if0fo'Qm k|ltif]w ldl>t k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpg lgj]bg bfo/ e} pQm l/6 lgj]bg ;Ddflgt cbfntdf ljrf/flwg 5 . o;/L ljkIfL ;Ddflgt k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.#.#@ sf] cfb]z pk/ o; ;Ddflgt cbfntdf cGtl/d cfb]zsf ;DaGwdf k6s k6s 5nkmndf k]zL r9] klg ljljw sf/0fn] 5nkmn x'g g;s]sf] / pQm ldlt @)^#.#.#@ sf] cfb]z cg';f/ lgj]bs sDkgLn] gfd l;kmfl/; gu/];Dd tf/]v lbg OGsf/ u/L tf/]v u'hfg{ afWo kf/L ;f]xL cfwf/df ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] k|:tfj u/]sf JolQm dWo] >L nIdLaxfb'/ lg/fnf, jl/i7 clwjQmfnfO{ dWo:y lgo'Qm ug] { u/L u/]sf] ldlt @)^#.$.@* ut]sf] >L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf gSsn ldlt @)^#.(.!@ ut] ;f/L lnO{ yfxf hfgsf/L x'g cfPsfn] pQm km};nf jb/ u/fO{ dfUg cGo j}slNks pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf]n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@÷!)&-@_, !^& ;d]t cGtu{t pQm ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !! -#_ -r_, !( jdf]lhd
df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf * tyf dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^.& ;d]tåf/f k|bQ sfg"gL xssf] ;+/If0f Pj+ k|rng ul/kfpFm . ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g k|f=ln= n] ldlt @)^!.#.@@ df lgj]bs sDkgLsf] of]hgf sfof{no hgsk'/ dfkm{t k]z u/]sf] kqdf æTo; sDkgL cGtu{t h=a=g+=%^& sf] ljleGg k}s]h u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] OG8f]/ ejg ;d]tsf] e'QmfgL lnO{ ;s]sf] / pQm ejgdf h8fg ePsf] ljB't tyf ;]g]6/L nufot aLn adf]lhdsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg xfgL gf]S;fgL rf]/L cflb e} s'g} Iflt gPdf o; sDkgL lhDd]jf/ g/xg] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5Æ elg hfgsf/L lgh :jo+n] lbPsf] l:ylt 5 . pQm kqn] ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL / lgj]bs sDkgLsf aLrdf ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sfd ;DkGg e} x/ lx;fa km/kmf/s ;d]t e} ;s]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfd ;DkGg e} lng' lbg' kg] { /sd e'QmfgL lnO{ ;s] kZrft lgj]bs sDkgL / ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL aLr s'g} e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ljjfb g/x]sf] k'i6L x'G5 . tTkZrft clt/l~ht ;fy lgj]bs sDkgLdf e'QmfgLsf] nflu k6s k6s lgj]bg lbPsf]df lgj]bs sDkgLn] :ki6 hjfkm lb+bf lb+b} ljjfb g} gePsf] ljifodf dWo:yåf/f ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg u/fO{ kfpF eGg] lgj]bg lbPsf e/df ljjlGwt s'g} ljrf/ / ljj]rgf g} gu/L ul/Psf] km};nf q'6Lk"0f{ x'Fbf jb/ efuL5 . ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6g ;dIf lbPsf] lgj]bgdf @)^@.!).!& ut] lgj]bs sDkgLsf] g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ ;+rfns ;ldlt / ldlt @)^@.!!.!! df P]= ;ldltsf cWoIfHo" ;dIf ;d]t lghsf] bfjLsf] ljifodf lgj]bg lbPsf]df xfn;Dd hjfkm k|fKt gePsf]n] ;f]xL ldlt @)^@.!).!& sf] lgj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ldlt @)^#.!.!& df dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhd Dofb leq of] dWo:y lgo'Qm ul/kfpFm elg lgj]bg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . hasL lgj]bs sDkgL / ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL aLr e'QmfgL jf cGo s'g} ljjfb g/x]sf] eGg] s'/f ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] ldlt @)^!.#.@@ df lgj]bs sDKgLdf lbPsf] lgj]bgaf6 :ki6 b]lvG5 . tTkZrft ljkIfLn] lgj]bs sDkgLdf e'QmfgL bfjL ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg ul/kfpFm elg u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ ldlt @)^@.&.! sf] kqaf6 c:jLs[t e} ljkIfLn] ;f] pk/ lrQ a'emfO{ a;]sf] b]lvG5 . lglj{jfb ?kdf lgj]bs sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 lbPsf] ldlt @)^@.&.! sf] kqsf] ldltaf6 g} dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhdsf Dofb} leq lgh ljkIfLn] cfjZos sfg"gL sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg' kg] {df clt g} ljnDa u/L dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bgdf xbDofb h:tf] ulDe/ sfg"gL k|Zgdf ljrf/ g} gu/L ul/Psf] km};nf pQm bkmf ljk/Lt x'Fbf jb/efuL /x]sf]5 . lgj]bs sDkgL / ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL aLrdf ;DkGg ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= !# sf] sf/0fn] lgof]Qmf;+u ePsf] d"n ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= %!-@_ ljjfb g} gePsf] ljifodf cfs[i6 x'g'kg] { jf x'g ;Sg] s'g} cfwf/ sf/0f ljBdfg 5}g . ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ tyf lgj]bs sDkgLsf 209
- Page 29 and 30: af]w uDo / :ki6 klg x'+bf To;df cnd
- Page 31 and 32: lk+9Ldf ;'lt/fv]sf] jvt nfQL / d'Ss
- Page 33 and 34: ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf/bftsf] k|ToIfb
- Page 35 and 36: kl/jf/sf xh/a'jf / gflt gftfsf JolQ
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51 and 52: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 53 and 54: g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57 and 58: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 59 and 60: ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63 and 64: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 65 and 66: cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 83 and 84: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 85 and 86: o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePs
- Page 87 and 88: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 89 and 90: ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o;
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
- Page 103 and 104: pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L rqm laqmd
- Page 105 and 106: appeal. Judicial review is directed
- Page 107 and 108: df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGt/f{li6
- Page 109 and 110: pQm Convention nfu" x'g] specialize
- Page 111 and 112: which an opinion is required, and a
- Page 113 and 114: pGd'lQm k|fKt x'g'kg] { clwsf/Lsf]
- Page 115 and 116: lg0f{o g+=&(#% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;af] {
- Page 117 and 118: ;Demf}tf /2 u/]df clGtd e'StfgL ePs
- Page 119 and 120: Kof8df ldlt ;d]t pNn]v 5}g . olb ;f
- Page 121 and 122: ;L_ adf]lhd lakIfLnfO{ ! dlxgfsf] ;
- Page 123 and 124: lg0f{o g+=&(#^ g]=sf=k= @)^% ;af] {
- Page 125 and 126: naxfb'/ kf}8]n, x]daxfb'/ kf}8]n ;d
- Page 127 and 128: o;df jf/bftdf pkl:yt 7fn'dfg kf}8]n
- Page 129 and 130: v'kf{ h:tf] hf]lvdL wfl/nf] xltof/s
df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf<br />
* tyf dWo:y P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^.&<br />
;d]tåf/f k|bQ sfg"gL xssf] ;+/If0f Pj+<br />
k|rng ul/kfpFm .<br />
ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ k| ]mG8; sG:6«S;g<br />
k|f=ln= n] ldlt @)^!.#.@@ df lgj]bs<br />
sDkgLsf] of]hgf sfof{no hgsk'/<br />
dfkm{t k]z u/]sf] kqdf æTo; sDkgL<br />
cGtu{t h=a=g+=%^& sf] ljleGg k}s]h<br />
u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] OG8f]/ ejg ;d]tsf]<br />
e'QmfgL lnO{ ;s]sf] / pQm ejgdf<br />
h8fg ePsf] ljB't tyf ;]g]6/L nufot<br />
aLn adf]lhdsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg xfgL<br />
gf]S;fgL rf]/L cflb e} s'g} Iflt gPdf<br />
o; sDkgL lhDd]<strong>jf</strong>/ g/xg] Joxf]/f<br />
cg'/f]w 5Æ elg hfgsf/L lgh :jo+n]<br />
lbPsf] l:ylt 5 . pQm kqn] ljkIfL<br />
7]s]bf/ sDkgL / lgj]bs sDkgLsf<br />
aLrdf ;Demf}tf cg';f/ sfd ;DkGg e}<br />
x/ lx;fa km/kmf/s ;d]t e} ;s]sf]<br />
:ki6 b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfd<br />
;DkGg e} lng' lbg' kg] { /sd e'QmfgL<br />
lnO{ ;s] kZrft lgj]bs sDkgL /<br />
ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL aLr s'g} e'QmfgL<br />
;DaGwL lj<strong>jf</strong>b g/x]sf] k'i6L x'G5 .<br />
tTkZrft clt/l~ht ;fy lgj]bs<br />
sDkgLdf e'QmfgLsf] nflu k6s k6s<br />
lgj]bg lbPsf]df lgj]bs sDkgLn] :ki6<br />
h<strong>jf</strong>km lb+bf lb+b} lj<strong>jf</strong>b g} gePsf]<br />
lj<strong>if</strong>odf dWo:yåf/f lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf] ;dfwfg<br />
u/fO{ kfpF eGg] lgj]bg lbPsf e/df<br />
ljjlGwt s'g} ljrf/ / ljj]rgf g} gu/L<br />
ul/Psf] km};nf q'6Lk"0f{ x'Fbf<br />
jb/ efuL5 .<br />
ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] k'g/fj]bg<br />
<strong>cbfnt</strong> kf6g ;dIf lbPsf] lgj]bgdf<br />
@)^@.!).!& ut] lgj]bs sDkgLsf]<br />
g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)<strong>^%</strong>, c+ +s @<br />
;+rfns ;ldlt / ldlt @)^@.!!.!! df<br />
P]= ;ldltsf cWoIfHo" ;dIf ;d]t<br />
lghsf] bfjLsf] lj<strong>if</strong>odf lgj]bg lbPsf]df<br />
xfn;Dd h<strong>jf</strong>km k|fKt gePsf]n] ;f]xL<br />
ldlt @)^@.!).!& sf] lgj]bgnfO{ cfwf/<br />
dfgL ldlt @)^#.!.!& df dWo:ytf P]g,<br />
@)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhd Dofb leq<br />
of] dWo:y lgo'Qm ul/kfpFm elg lgj]bg<br />
lbPsf] b]lvG5 . hasL lgj]bs sDkgL /<br />
ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ sDkgL aLr e'QmfgL <strong>jf</strong><br />
cGo s'g} lj<strong>jf</strong>b g/x]sf] eGg] s'/f ljkIfL<br />
7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] ldlt @)^!.#.@@ df<br />
lgj]bs sDKgLdf lbPsf] lgj]bgaf6 :ki6<br />
b]lvG5 . tTkZrft ljkIfLn] lgj]bs<br />
sDkgLdf e'QmfgL bfjL ;DaGwL lj<strong>jf</strong>bsf]<br />
dWo:ytfåf/f ;dfwfg ul/kfpFm elg<br />
u/]sf] cfu|xnfO{ ldlt @)^@.&.! sf]<br />
kqaf6 c:jLs[t e} ljkIfLn] ;f] pk/<br />
lrQ a'emfO{ a;]sf] b]lvG5 . lglj{<strong>jf</strong>b<br />
?kdf lgj]bs sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 lbPsf]<br />
ldlt @)^@.&.! sf] kqsf] ldltaf6 g}<br />
dWo:ytf P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_<br />
adf]lhdsf Dofb} leq lgh ljkIfLn]<br />
cfjZos sfg"gL sf/<strong>jf</strong>xL cufl8 a9fpg'<br />
kg] {df clt g} ljnDa u/L dWo:ytf P]g,<br />
@)%% sf] bkmf ^-!_ adf]lhd k/]sf]<br />
lgj]bgdf xbDofb h:tf] ulDe/ sfg"gL<br />
k|Zgdf ljrf/ g} gu/L ul/Psf] km};nf<br />
pQm bkmf ljk/Lt x'Fbf<br />
jb/efuL /x]sf]5 .<br />
lgj]bs sDkgL / ljkIfL 7]s]bf/<br />
sDkgL aLrdf ;DkGg ;Demf}tfsf] zt{<br />
g+= !# sf] sf/0fn] lgof]Qmf;+u ePsf] d"n<br />
;Demf}tfsf] zt{ g+= %!-@_ lj<strong>jf</strong>b g}<br />
gePsf] lj<strong>if</strong>odf cfs[i6 x'g'kg] { <strong>jf</strong> x'g<br />
;Sg] s'g} cfwf/ sf/0f ljBdfg 5}g .<br />
ljkIfL 7]s]bf/ tyf lgj]bs sDkgLsf<br />
209