![lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...](https://img.yumpu.com/6479513/64/500x640/lg0fo-g-amp-gsfk-jfrr-cbfnt-ljzif-ohnf-dfgglo-.jpg)
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
u/]sf] k|utL jtfpg g;s]sf] / dfunfO{ ;Djf]wg ug] { sfo{of]hgfsf] cefjdf ljkIfLsf] ;s[otfsf] ;+k/LIf0f ug{ ;Dej x'g] s'/f ePg . hxf+;Dd pknJw >f]t / ;fwg cg';f/ cfjZos Joj:yf x'g] eGg] s'/f 5, of] klg c:ki6 5 . ckfË eg]sf] cGo JolQm ;d'xjf6 km/s lsl;dn] c;'ljwf dxz'; u/L /x]sf JolQmx? x'g\ / d"n k|jfxsf] /fHosf] ljsf; sfo{qmdx?n] lbPsf cj;/x?sf] nfe lng] ltg} ckfËtfsf] sf/0fn] g;sL /x]sf] l:yltn] ubf{ pgLx?n] ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] dfu ug'{ k/]sf] x'G5 . u}/ ckfËx?sf] nflu d'n k|jfxdf ul/g] lzIffsf] Joj:Yff g} ;fdfGo lzIff x'G5 eg] jlx/f ckfËx?sf nflu nlIft ljz]if sfo{qmd g} ;fdfGo lzIff x'G5 . ljljw cg'ej ePsf JolQmx?sf] nflu Pp6} jf Psgf;] lzIff lbO{g' k5{ eGg] xf] eg] ;j} /f]usf] nflu Pp6} cf}ifwL eg] h:tf] x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ /fHon] ljz]if ?kn] c;'ljwfdf k/]sf ckfËx?sf] nflu k|fyldstf ;fy sfo{d"ns ljz]if z}lIfs sfo{qmd cljnDj ;Grfng ug'{ ;+ljwfg Pj+ ;+ljwfgdf cleJoQm ;fdflhs Gofosf] efjgf cg's"n st{Jo x'g hfG5 . To;f] gu/L pknJw >f]t / ;fwgsf] cfwf/df cfjZos Joj:yf x'b} hfg] s'/f ;Dd JoQm ug'{n] ljifosf] ulDe/tf cg';f/ sfo{d'ns Jojxf/ x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . oxF +g]/ ;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] tTjfjwfgdf ;fwf/0f ;efjf6 !((# sf] l8;]Dj/df kfl/t ckfËx?sf nflu cj;/ ;dfgLs/0f ;DjGwL k|dfl0fs lgodx? - 192 c+s @ Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities_ sf] lgod ^ sf] lzIff ;DjGwL Joj:yfn] pNn]v u/]sf s'/fx? x[boFud ug{ nfossf] b]lvG5 . pSt Joj:yf cGtu{t vf; u/L lgDg Joj:yf pNn]vlgo 5 . /fHon] ckfË jfnjflnsf, o'jf / jo:ssf] nflu k|fylds , dfWolds tyf pRr dfWoflds lzIffsf] nflu ;dfg cj;/sf] l;4fGtnfO{ Plss[t ?kdf dfGotf lbg' k5{ . ckfË lzIff, ckfË lzIff k|0ffnLsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /flvg' k5{ . ;fwf/0f lzIffsf clws[t lgsfo g} Plss[t ?kdf ckfË lzIffsf] nflu pQ/bfoL x'G5g\ . ckfË lzIff /fli6«o lzIff of]hgf, kf7\oqmd ljsf; / :s'n k|0ffnLsf] Ps cleGg c+u x'g' kb{5 . ;fwf/0ftof :tl/o :s'nx?df lzIff lb+bf bf]efif] tyf cGo pko'Qm ;xof]u ;]jfx?sf] k|fjwfg pknJw 5 eGg]df cf:j:t eO{G5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf ckfËx?sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ rflxg] kx'+r / ;xof]u ;]jfx? kof{Kt dfqfdf :s'nn] k'¥ofPsf] x'g' kb{5 . -Rule 6- "state should recognize the principle of equal primary, secondary and tertiary educational opportunities for children, youth and adults, with disabilities in integrated settings. They should ensure that the education for persons with disabilities as an integral part of the educational system") g]kfnn] pSt lgodnfO{ ;g\ !((# df g} x:tfIf/ u/L ;s]sf] / g]kfn ;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;b:o ePsf] gftfn] /
cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|f] /fHosf] pQ/ bfloTjsf] efjn] ;d]t pSt lgodsf] /fHo leq sfof{Gjog ug'{ cf}lrTo / Gofo ;+ut b]lvG5 . ;Ifd eg]sf cGo JolQmnfO{ d"n k|jfxsf] lzIff Joj:yf ug{ tTk/ /fHon] l;dfGts[t ckfËsf lzIffnfO{ pk]Iff ug{ s'g} xfntdf klg ;Sg] b]lvFb}g . /fli6«o >f]tsf] ljlgof]hgdf ckfË lzIffn] prLt k|fyldstfsf] ck]Iff ug'{ c:jefljs b]lvg cfp+b}g . To;}n] k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqL kl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] jlx/fsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug] { jf/] lglZrt sfo{qmdsf ;fy cl3 j9g h?/L b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . ljkIfL dWo]sf lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno jlx/f lzIffsf] nflu sfd ug] { d'Vo hjfkm b]xL jf]s]sf] dGqfno ePklg pSt dGqfnosf] hjfkmdf klg lgj]bsx?sf] dfu jdf]lhd jlx/fx?sf nflu sn]h :yfkgf ug{ / kf7\ok':ts ;f+s]lts efiffdf cg'jfb ug] { ;DjGwdf ;sf/fTds /x]sf] dfq} pNn]v ePsf] kfO{of] . vf; sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u/]sf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfO{Pg . !)= jf:tjdf lgj]bsx? ;+ljwfg / sfg"g jdf]lhd cfjZos Joj:yfsf] nflu dfu lnO{ cfPsf] cj:yfdf pgLx? k|lt pSt dGqfno ;sf/fTds x'+b}df k'Ug] s'/f cfp+b}g . pgLx?sf] dfu k|lt ;sf/fTds x'g' :jo+ ;sf/fTds s'/f xf] t/ ;sf/fTds x'+b}df dfusf] ;Djf]wg x'g] jf sfg"gL bfloTjsf] sfof{Gjog x'g] ge} To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] efjgf cg's"n sfo{of]hgf ;lxt Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog ug'{kg] { x'gfn] g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ ljkIfL lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfnon] xfnsf] eGbf j9L lhDd]jf/ / lqmoflzn eO{ lgj]bssf] dfusf] ;DjGwdf ulDe/ k|of; ug'{ h?/L b]lvg cfp+5 . ljkIfL dlxnf jfnjflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnon] lbPsf] hjfkm cfkm\g} lsl;dsf] ck|Tofl;t b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . pSt dGqfnon] cfk'mn] lgj]bsx? pk/ s] s:tf] sfd u/]sf] e} lgj]bssf] xs xgg ePsf] v'nfpg g;s]sf]n] cgfjZos ljkIfL jgfPsf] eGg] cfwf/df l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpg dfu u/]sf] kfO{G5 . pSt ljkIfLsf] gfd x]bf{ dlxnf , jfnjflnsf / ;dfh sNof0f ug] { vfnsf] b]lvG5 . ckfË / jlx/f]klg :jefljs ?kn] dlxnf , jfnjflnsf / ;dfhsNof0f;+u klg ;Dj4 ljifo b]lvG5 . ;dfhdf l;dfGts[t ju{df kg] { o:tf] ;d'bfosf] nflu pSt dGqfnon] s] s:tf] tTk/tf b]vfPsf] 5 , b]vfpg' kg] { x'G5 . p;jf6 To:tf] ju{sf] lxtsf] k|ltlglwTj jf ;dGjo u/]sf] x'g' ck]lIft x'g]df To;sf] pk]Iff pSt dGqfnon] s] s:tf] gsf/fTds e'ldsf v]n]sf] gv'nfPsf] eGg] lnlvt hjfkm lbPsf] b]lvG5 . k|:t't ljifo h:tf] k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf pSt dGqfnon] s] u/]g dxTjk"0f{ xf]O{g, s] u¥of] Tof] dxTjk"0f{ xf] . lgj]bsn] p7fPsf] ljifodf dGqfnosf] tkm{jf6 s'g} sfd gx'g' eg]sf] /fHosf] tkm{jf6 ePsf] cs{d0otfnfO{ hgfp+5 . pk/f]Qm ;ldIffjf6 /fHosf] k|ltlglwTj ug] { ljkIfLx?sf] lnlvt hjfkmjf6 lgj]bss]f xsdf ug'{kg]{ ;sf/fTds sfd sf/jfxL geP gu/]sf] 193
- Page 13 and 14: (= dfly k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)
- Page 15 and 16: aflx/ uP/ Gofo lg?k0f ug{;Sg] cj:yf
- Page 17 and 18: d'n'sL P]g, j]l/t;Fu y'Gbfsf] dxndf
- Page 19 and 20: sfg"gL Joj:yfn] oftgf lbg] sfo{nfO{
- Page 21 and 22: cy{jf]w x'g ;Sg] g} x'Fb}g . j]l/t;
- Page 23 and 24: km};nf Gof=/fdk|;fb >]i7M Gofo k|zf
- Page 25 and 26: gf/fo0f l;+x dfb]gaf6 xfdLn] lnPsf
- Page 27 and 28: d]/f] xs uPsf]n] c=j+= *^ g+=adf]lh
- Page 29 and 30: af]w uDo / :ki6 klg x'+bf To;df cnd
- Page 31 and 32: lk+9Ldf ;'lt/fv]sf] jvt nfQL / d'Ss
- Page 33 and 34: ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf/bftsf] k|ToIfb
- Page 35 and 36: kl/jf/sf xh/a'jf / gflt gftfsf JolQ
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51 and 52: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 53 and 54: g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57 and 58: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 59 and 60: ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79 and 80: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 81 and 82: df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf
- Page 83 and 84: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 85 and 86: o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePs
- Page 87 and 88: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 89 and 90: ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o;
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
- Page 103 and 104: pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L rqm laqmd
- Page 105 and 106: appeal. Judicial review is directed
- Page 107 and 108: df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGt/f{li6
- Page 109 and 110: pQm Convention nfu" x'g] specialize
- Page 111 and 112: which an opinion is required, and a
- Page 113 and 114: pGd'lQm k|fKt x'g'kg] { clwsf/Lsf]
u/]sf] k|utL jtfpg g;s]sf] / dfunfO{<br />
;D<strong>jf</strong>]wg ug] { sfo{of]hgfsf] cefjdf<br />
ljkIfLsf] ;s[otfsf] ;+k/LIf0f ug{ ;Dej<br />
x'g] s'/f ePg .<br />
hxf+;Dd pknJw >f]t / ;fwg<br />
cg';f/ cfjZos Joj:yf x'g] eGg] s'/f<br />
5, of] klg c:ki6 5 . ckfË eg]sf] cGo<br />
JolQm ;d'x<strong>jf</strong>6 km/s lsl;dn] c;'ljwf<br />
dxz'; u/L /x]sf JolQmx? x'g\ / d"n<br />
k|<strong>jf</strong>xsf] /fHosf] ljsf; sfo{qmdx?n]<br />
lbPsf cj;/x?sf] nfe lng] ltg}<br />
ckfËtfsf] sf/0fn] g;sL /x]sf] l:yltn]<br />
ubf{ pgLx?n] <strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> sfo{qmdsf] dfu ug'{<br />
k/]sf] x'G5 . u}/ ckfËx?sf] nflu d'n<br />
k|<strong>jf</strong>xdf ul/g] lzIffsf] Joj:Yff g} ;fdfGo<br />
lzIff x'G5 eg] jlx/f ckfËx?sf nflu<br />
nlIft <strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> sfo{qmd g} ;fdfGo lzIff<br />
x'G5 . ljljw cg'ej ePsf JolQmx?sf]<br />
nflu Pp6} <strong>jf</strong> Psgf;] lzIff lbO{g' k5{<br />
eGg] xf] eg] ;j} /f]usf] nflu Pp6}<br />
cf}<strong>if</strong>wL eg] h:tf] x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltnfO{<br />
Wofgdf /fv]/ /fHon] <strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> ?kn]<br />
c;'ljwfdf k/]sf ckfËx?sf] nflu<br />
k|fyldstf ;fy sfo{d"ns <strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> z}lIfs<br />
sfo{qmd cljnDj ;Grfng ug'{<br />
;+ljwfg<br />
Pj+ ;+ljwfgdf cleJoQm ;fdflhs<br />
Gofosf] efjgf cg's"n st{Jo x'g hfG5 .<br />
To;f] gu/L pknJw >f]t / ;fwgsf]<br />
cfwf/df cfjZos Joj:yf x'b} hfg] s'/f<br />
;Dd JoQm ug'{n]<br />
lj<strong>if</strong>osf] ulDe/tf<br />
cg';f/ sfo{d'ns Jojxf/ x'g g;s]sf]<br />
cg'ej x'G5 .<br />
oxF +g]/ ;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf]<br />
tT<strong>jf</strong>jwfgdf ;fwf/0f ;ef<strong>jf</strong>6 !((# sf]<br />
l8;]Dj/df kfl/t ckfËx?sf nflu cj;/<br />
;dfgLs/0f ;DjGwL k|dfl0fs lgodx? -<br />
192<br />
c+s @<br />
Standard Rules on the Equalization of<br />
Opportunities for Persons with<br />
Disabilities_ sf] lgod ^ sf] lzIff<br />
;DjGwL Joj:yfn] pNn]v u/]sf s'/fx?<br />
x[boFud ug{ nfossf] b]lvG5 . pSt<br />
Joj:yf cGtu{t vf; u/L lgDg Joj:yf<br />
pNn]vlgo 5 .<br />
/fHon] ckfË <strong>jf</strong>n<strong>jf</strong>lnsf, o'<strong>jf</strong> /<br />
jo:ssf] nflu k|fylds , dfWolds tyf<br />
p<strong>Rr</strong> dfWoflds lzIffsf] nflu ;dfg<br />
cj;/sf] l;4fGtnfO{ Plss[t ?kdf<br />
dfGotf lbg' k5{ . ckfË lzIff, ckfË<br />
lzIff k|0ffnLsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf<br />
/flvg' k5{ . ;fwf/0f lzIffsf clws[t<br />
lgsfo g} Plss[t ?kdf ckfË lzIffsf]<br />
nflu pQ/bfoL x'G5g\ . ckfË lzIff<br />
/fli6«o lzIff of]hgf, kf7\oqmd ljsf; /<br />
:s'n k|0ffnLsf] Ps cleGg c+u x'g' kb{5<br />
. ;fwf/0ftof :tl/o :s'nx?df lzIff<br />
lb+bf bf]ef<strong>if</strong>] tyf cGo pko'Qm ;xof]u<br />
;]<strong>jf</strong>x?sf] k|fjwfg pknJw 5 eGg]df<br />
cf:j:t eO{G5 . ljleGg k|sf/sf<br />
ckfËx?sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ rflxg]<br />
kx'+r<br />
/ ;xof]u ;]<strong>jf</strong>x? kof{Kt dfqfdf<br />
:s'nn] k'¥ofPsf] x'g' kb{5 . -Rule 6-<br />
"state should recognize the principle of<br />
equal primary, secondary and tertiary<br />
educational opportunities for children,<br />
youth and adults, with disabilities in<br />
integrated settings. They should ensure<br />
that the education for persons with<br />
disabilities as an integral part of the<br />
educational system")<br />
g]kfnn] pSt lgodnfO{ ;g\<br />
!((# df g} x:tfIf/ u/L ;s]sf] / g]kfn<br />
;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;b:o ePsf] gftfn] /
Change language