lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
JolQm lkR5]sf] ljlzi6 km/s cg'ej xf] / To:tf] cfjZostfs]f ljz]if ;Djf]wg u/]/ g} ;dfhdf ;dfgtfsf] xs pkef]u ug] { ;fdfGo / ;dfg l:ylt v8f ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf] pk]Iff Pp6f ju{nfO{ ;'xfpg] u/L / csf] { ju{nfO{ k|lts"n x'g] u/L ef}lts jf cGo l:yltx? v8f ul/of] eg] cyjf cj;/x? l;h{gf ubf{ s;}nfO{ ljz]if ?kn] ;'xfpg] u/L / c?nfO{ k|lts"n x'g] u/L jf p;sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt gx'g] u/L l;h{gf ul/of] eg] lglZrt ?kdf ;j}n] dflg;sf] ?kdf k|fKt u/]sf] xssf] ;dfg pkef]u ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To:tf] l:ylt v8f ug] { sfg"gL /fHosf] clei6 x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] ckfË ePsf] sf/0fn] Tof] ju{n] Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] leGg c;'ljwfnfO{ ;Djf]wg u/L cGo ;Ifd elgPsf] ju{sf] ;/x lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L nufotsf] xs pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] u/fpg /fHon] To:tf] c;'ljwfhgs cg'ejnfO{ nIo u/L ljz]if sfo{qmd ;Grfng ug{ ' kg] { x'G5 . To;f] ug'{ eg]sf] ckfËtfjf6 k|efljt ju{sf] nflu ljz]if ;xof]u geO{ cGo ;fdfGo ;jn ju{nfO{ u/] ;/xsf] Jojxf/sf] ?kdf x]l/g' kb{5 . t/ oyfy{df ckfËn] ckfËtfjf6 zf/Ll/s ?kn] e]mNg' kg] { c;'ljwf eGbf w]/} u'0ff j9L ckfËtf ;DjGwL c1fgtf / ldYof cjwf/0ffn] ubf{ ckfËx? dfly ul/Psf] b'Jo{jxf/ jf e]befjsf] rf]6 j9L b]lvG5 . ckfËtfsf] sf/0fn] eGbf cGo sf/0fx?n] ckfËx? dfly pgLx?sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] ljljw kIfx?df Jofks pNn3+gsf 36gfx? JofKt x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . h:t}M c? ;/x hLjgsf] 186 c+s @ clwsf/ x'+bf x'+b} klg ckfËx? pk/ pgLx?sf] cGg, kfgL, cfjf;, cf}ifwf]krf/ cflbdf e]befj u/]/ u'0ffTds hLjg lhpg] xsdf c;/ k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . sltko d'n'sdf ckfË jfnssf] kfngkf]if0fsf] sl7gfO{n] 3f]/ nfk/jfxL jf st{Jo u/L dg] { ;Ddsf] cj:yfdf 5f8]sf] jf df/]sf] 36gfx? kfO{G5g\ . ckfËx?sf] xs k|ltsf] ;+jb]gzLntfsf] cefjdf To:tf] sfo{nfO{ sd ulDe/ dfgL sd ;hfFo ug] { k|j[lQ ;d]t obfsbf b]Vg kfO{G5 . tYofÍx?jf6 ckfËn] g} Hofbf q'm/, cdfgljo / lgGbgLo Jojxf/ ;xg k/]s]f / pgLx?n] of}g zf]if0f / zf/Ll/s oftgf j9L ef]u]sf] kfO{G5 . pgLx? dfly hj/h:tL cf}ifwL kl/If0f ug] { u/]sf] ;d]t kfO{G5 . pgLx?nfO{ :jtGqtf pkef]u ug{ lbg] eGbf d"n k|jfxjf6 jfx]s u/L y'g5]s ug] { jf O{R5f ljk/Lt /fVg] k|j[lQ kfO{G5 . jfx\o ;xof]u / ;dy{gsf] cefjdf pgLx?n] ;+3 ;+:yf v8f u/L cfkm\gf] lxt k|lt/Iff ug] { cj:Yff klg /xGg / gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] l:ylt /xGg . pgLx?sf] uf]klgotfsf] xs, kl/jf/ ;DjGwL xs klg c?n] g} lgwf{l/t u/L lbg] ugf{n] s'l07t b]lvG5 . o:t} u/]/ pgLx?s]f ljrf/ cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtfsf] pkef]usf] nflu rflxg] tslgsL ;xof]u / ;fwgsf] cefjdf Tof] emg j9L k|efljt x'G5 . gful/ssf] x}l;otn] d"nk|jfxsf] /fhlso lqmofsnfkdf pgLx?sf] kx'+r lgif]lwt k|fo /xG5 . &= cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df
ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t kb{5 . lzIff ljgf /f]huf/L x'+b}g / /f]huf/L ljgf cfly{s >f]t gh'6\g] x'+bf hLjgnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf pkef]u ug{ g;Sg] x'gfn] ljsf;sf] ;du| rqmdf oL ltg j6f tTjsf] ;ld>0f u/L ;3fpg /fHon] ;xof]u ug'{kg] { x'G5 . t/ oyfy{df ckfËsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofdf ljBfno v8f ul/Psf] x'+b}g, ltgLx?sf] cfjZostf ;'xfp+bf] >f]t, ;fwg / k4lt klg h'6fO{Psf] kfO{b}g . ;f+s]lts efiffdf jf j| ]n lnlkdf kf7\oqmd ;fdfu|L pTkfbg gug] {, cfjZos dfqfdf lzIfs tflnd glbg], z}lIfs jftfj/0f tbg's"n gjgfpg], To:tf] cfjZostfnfO{ sfg"gL ?kn] clgjfo{ u/fO{ dfGotf ;d]t lbg] Joj:yf gug] { cflb ;d:ofx? ljBdfg b]lvG5 . kl/0ffd :j?k To:tf ckfË ljBfyL{sf] rfxgf / ;DefJotf cg';f/ pRr lzIff ;Dd cWoog ug{ gkfpg] eO{ /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|efljt ePsf] kfO{G5 . /f]huf/bftfn] /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf ckfË d}qL cj:yfx? l;h{gf u/L /f]huf/sf] cj;/ glbPdf To;sf] kl/0ffd ckfË lzIffdf klg kg{ ;Sb5, lsgeg] /f]huf/sf] nflu sfd gnfu] k9fpg cgfjZos 7flgG5 . kl/0ffd:j?k eljiodf pgLx?sf] :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs cGt/lqmof, dgf]/Ghg / hLjg:t/ ;j} k|efljt x'G5 . oL ;j}sf] c;/ ;dfhsf] zflGt / ljsf;df kg{ hfG5 eGg] s'/f d'VotM ;dfhsf ;j} ;b:on] / /fHosf ;DjlGwt If]qn] x[bo+ud ug{ h?/L 5 . *= hg;+Vofsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f, hf];+u cGo ;Ifd eg]sf JolQmx? g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ ;/x of]ubfg lbg] ;j} ;DefJotf 5 To;sf] cltl/Qm klg /fHon] prLt k|fyldstf / Jojxf/ ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0fn] ltgLx?sf] of]ubfg k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' /fHosf] tkm{jf6 lgDTofPsf] 3f6f x'G5 eg] cGofo, z]fif0f / c;dfgtfsf] cg'ej jf]s]sf ckfËx?jf6 ;dfhdf zflGt / d}qL k|jw{g klg x''g ;Sb}g . o;/L ckfËx?sf] ;d:of jx'–cfoflds b]lvG5 eg] /fHon] pgLx?nfO{ c? gful/sx?n] ;/x ;dfg ?kdf ;dfhdf ;xeflutf /fVg] cj:yfx? klg l;h{gf ug'{ clgjfo{ b]lvg cfp+5 . jlx/fx?n] Joxf]/]sf] cg'ej pk/f]Qm pNn]lvt ckfËx?sf] j[xQ kl/j]z leqs} ;d:of ePsf]n] tb\g's"n pgLx?sf] ;d:ofsf] ;Djf]wg x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb ug'{kg] { b]lvGg . k|:t't lgj]bgdf jlx/f]kg / z}lIfs xssf] ;Gbe{df dfu k|:t't ul/Psf] x'gfn] ltgLx?sf] jLrsf] cGt{;DjGwsf] jf/]df 5nkmn ug'{ ;fGb{les g} x'g] b]lvG5 . dfly g} klg pNn]v ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 ls jlx/fx? nufot ckfËx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] xssf] bL3{sflng dxTj 5 . lzIff x/]s JolQmsf] nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] , of] :jtGqtf, / /f]huf/L nufotsf] cfly{s Pj+ cfTd;zlQms/0f (Self empowerment_ sf] nflu ;d]t h?/L 5 . g]kfn ;d]t ;b:o ePsf cGt/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL cfn]vx? h:t}M dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* sf] wf/f @^ -!_, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] cGt/fli6«o cg'jGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f @^, cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf 187
- Page 7 and 8: $= l/6 g+= ))!) o;df s] s;f] ePsf]
- Page 9 and 10: p7fOPsf] ljifodf Gofo lg?k0f ug{ af
- Page 11 and 12: ;lsg]5 . t/ of] wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg ul
- Page 13 and 14: (= dfly k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)
- Page 15 and 16: aflx/ uP/ Gofo lg?k0f ug{;Sg] cj:yf
- Page 17 and 18: d'n'sL P]g, j]l/t;Fu y'Gbfsf] dxndf
- Page 19 and 20: sfg"gL Joj:yfn] oftgf lbg] sfo{nfO{
- Page 21 and 22: cy{jf]w x'g ;Sg] g} x'Fb}g . j]l/t;
- Page 23 and 24: km};nf Gof=/fdk|;fb >]i7M Gofo k|zf
- Page 25 and 26: gf/fo0f l;+x dfb]gaf6 xfdLn] lnPsf
- Page 27 and 28: d]/f] xs uPsf]n] c=j+= *^ g+=adf]lh
- Page 29 and 30: af]w uDo / :ki6 klg x'+bf To;df cnd
- Page 31 and 32: lk+9Ldf ;'lt/fv]sf] jvt nfQL / d'Ss
- Page 33 and 34: ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf/bftsf] k|ToIfb
- Page 35 and 36: kl/jf/sf xh/a'jf / gflt gftfsf JolQ
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51 and 52: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 53 and 54: g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63 and 64: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 65 and 66: cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79 and 80: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 81 and 82: df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf
- Page 83 and 84: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 85 and 86: o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePs
- Page 87 and 88: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 89 and 90: ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o;
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
- Page 103 and 104: pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmf >L rqm laqmd
- Page 105 and 106: appeal. Judicial review is directed
- Page 107 and 108: df ePsf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGt/f{li6
ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t<br />
kb{5 . lzIff ljgf /f]huf/L x'+b}g<br />
/<br />
/f]huf/L ljgf cfly{s >f]t gh'6\g] x'+bf<br />
hLjgnfO{ u'0ffTds ?kdf pkef]u ug{<br />
g;Sg] x'gfn] ljsf;sf] ;du| rqmdf oL<br />
ltg j6f tTjsf] ;ld>0f u/L ;3fpg<br />
/fHon] ;xof]u ug'{kg]<br />
{ x'G5 . t/ oyfy{df<br />
ckfËsf] nflu cfjZos ;+Vofdf ljBfno<br />
v8f ul/Psf] x'+b}g,<br />
ltgLx?sf]<br />
cfjZostf ;'xfp+bf] >f]t, ;fwg / k4lt<br />
klg h'6fO{Psf] kfO{b}g . ;f+s]lts ef<strong>if</strong>fdf<br />
<strong>jf</strong> j| ]n lnlkdf kf7\oqmd ;fdfu|L pTkfbg<br />
gug] {, cfjZos dfqfdf lzIfs tflnd<br />
glbg], z}lIfs <strong>jf</strong>tfj/0f tbg's"n<br />
gjgfpg], To:tf] cfjZostfnfO{ sfg"gL<br />
?kn] clg<strong>jf</strong>o{ u/fO{ dfGotf ;d]t lbg]<br />
Joj:yf gug] { cflb ;d:ofx? ljBdfg<br />
b]lvG5 . kl/0ffd :j?k To:tf ckfË<br />
ljBfyL{sf] rfxgf / ;DefJotf cg';f/<br />
p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff ;Dd cWoog ug{ gkfpg] eO{<br />
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ klg k|efljt ePsf]<br />
kfO{G5 . /f]huf/bftfn] /f]huf/Lsf] If]qdf<br />
ckfË d}qL cj:yfx? l;h{gf u/L<br />
/f]huf/sf] cj;/ glbPdf To;sf]<br />
kl/0ffd ckfË lzIffdf klg kg{ ;Sb5,<br />
lsgeg] /f]huf/sf] nflu sfd gnfu]<br />
k9fpg cgfjZos 7flgG5 .<br />
kl/0ffd:j?k eljiodf pgLx?sf] :<strong>jf</strong>:Yo,<br />
;fdflhs cGt/lqmof, dgf]/Ghg /<br />
hLjg:t/ ;j} k|efljt x'G5 . oL ;j}sf]<br />
c;/ ;dfhsf] zflGt / ljsf;df kg{<br />
hfG5 eGg] s'/f d'VotM ;dfhsf ;j}<br />
;b:on] / /fHosf ;DjlGwt If]qn]<br />
x[bo+ud ug{ h?/L 5 .<br />
*= hg;+Vofsf] dxTjk"0f{<br />
lx:;f, hf];+u cGo ;Ifd eg]sf JolQmx?<br />
g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)<strong>^%</strong>, c+ +s @<br />
;/x of]ubfg lbg] ;j} ;DefJotf 5<br />
To;sf] cltl/Qm klg /fHon] prLt<br />
k|fyldstf / Jojxf/ ug{ g;s]sf]<br />
sf/0fn] ltgLx?sf] of]ubfg k|fKt ug{<br />
g;Sg' /fHosf] tkm{<strong>jf</strong>6 lgDTofPsf] 3f6f<br />
x'G5 eg] cGofo, z]f<strong>if</strong>0f / c;dfgtfsf]<br />
cg'ej <strong>jf</strong>]s]sf ckfËx?<strong>jf</strong>6 ;dfhdf<br />
zflGt / d}qL k|jw{g klg x''g<br />
;Sb}g .<br />
o;/L ckfËx?sf] ;d:of jx'–cfoflds<br />
b]lvG5 eg] /fHon] pgLx?nfO{ c?<br />
gful/sx?n] ;/x ;dfg ?kdf ;dfhdf<br />
;xeflutf /fVg] cj:yfx? klg l;h{gf<br />
ug'{<br />
clg<strong>jf</strong>o{ b]lvg cfp+5 . jlx/fx?n]<br />
Joxf]/]sf] cg'ej pk/f]Qm pNn]lvt<br />
ckfËx?sf] j[xQ kl/j]z leqs} ;d:of<br />
ePsf]n] tb\g's"n pgLx?sf] ;d:ofsf]<br />
;D<strong>jf</strong>]wg x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf lj<strong>jf</strong>b<br />
ug'{kg]<br />
{ b]lvGg .<br />
k|:t't lgj]bgdf jlx/f]kg /<br />
z}lIfs xssf] ;Gbe{df dfu k|:t't<br />
ul/Psf] x'gfn] ltgLx?sf] jLrsf]<br />
cGt{;DjGwsf] <strong>jf</strong>/]df 5nkmn ug'{<br />
;fGb{les g} x'g] b]lvG5 . dfly g} klg<br />
pNn]v ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 ls jlx/fx?<br />
nufot ckfËx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] xssf]<br />
bL3{sflng dxTj 5 . lzIff x/]s<br />
JolQmsf] nflu cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] ,<br />
of] :jtGqtf, / /f]huf/L nufotsf]<br />
cfly{s Pj+ cfTd;zlQms/0f (Self<br />
empowerment_ sf] nflu ;d]t h?/L 5<br />
. g]kfn ;d]t ;b:o ePsf cGt/fli6«o<br />
dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL cfn]vx? h:t}M<br />
dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL 3f]<strong>if</strong>0ffkq, !($*<br />
sf] wf/f @^ -!_, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts<br />
clwsf/sf] cGt/fli6«o cg'jGw, !(^^ sf]<br />
wf/f @^, cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf<br />
187