lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ... lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo ...
s'g} klg cfwf/df lje]b ug] { clwsf/ /fHonfO{ 5}g, j? k5fl8 k/]sf ju{nfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . ;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff kq !($* df ckfËx?sf] lzIff nufotsf xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu /fHon] cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg] { s'/fsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . To:t} u/L ;dflhs , cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DjGwL cGt/fli6«o cg'jGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f @ -u_ n] pRr lzIffdf ;j}sf] kx'+r x'g' kg] { s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] pSt cg'jGwdf x:tfIf/ ;d]t u/]sf] / ;GwL P]g, @)$& n] cGt/fli6«o ;GwLsf] kl/kfngf ug'{kg] { bfloTj pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . b]ze/ slj/ % nfv jlx/fsf] ;+Vof ePklg gt k|fylds txdf pgLx?nfO{ kof{Kt lzIff cfh{g ug] { jftfj/0f /fHon] u/]sf] 5 , gt pRr z}lIfs lgsfodf ;fFs]lts efiff cg'?k ljz]if z}lIfs Joj:yf g} u/]sf] kfO{G5 . h;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k zfl/l/s ?kdf ckfFu ePs} sf/0f lzIff h:tf] cfwf/e"t dfgjLo cfjZostfjf6 ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf jlGrt x'g' jfWo ePsf]n] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !!- !_ -#_ ,!* / @^-(_ åf/f k|bQ ;+j}wflgs xssf] ;fy} ckfFu ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g, @)#( sf] bkmf %-!_ / (-#_ n] ckfFusf] nflu lzIff k|fKtL nufotsf sfg"gL xs clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug'{kg] { bfloTj ljkIfLx?nfO{ t]flsPsf]df xfn;Dd klg 180 c+s @ To; tkm{ cfjZos kxn gu/]jf6 ;Ddflgt cbfnt ;dIf k|:t't lgj]bg;fy pkl:yt ePsf 5f} + . ctM jlx/f ljBfyL{x?sf nflu ljz]if kf7\ok':tssf] Joj:yfsf] ;fy} ;fFs]lts efiffsf] dfWodjf6 k9fO{ x'g] u/L b]ze/ :s'n tyf pRr lzIffnosf] :yfkgf ug'{ , u/fpg' egL ljkIfLx?sf] gfp+df k/dfb]z nufot hf] rflxg] cf1f cfb]z hf/L u/L kfp+m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg dfu bfjL . o;df s], s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg] { xf] < of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s !% lbg leq lnlvt hjfkm lnO{ pkl:yt x''g egL ljkIfLnfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ lgod adf]lhd k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^#.^.@& sf] cfb]z . cGwf , jlx/f, ;':tdgl:ylt ePsf jf zfl/l/s sf/0fn] ckfFu jfnjflnsfnfO{ ljz]if lzIff k|bfg ug] { p2]Zon] ljz]if lzIff kl/ifb\ u7g x'g], lzIff lbg] ljBfno vf]Ng ;lsg] / ljz]if lzIff lbg] ljBfnonfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf lbg] sfg"gL Joj:yf lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( df eO{ ;s]sf] 5 . ljz]if lzIffsf ;DjGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ pbfl;g /x]sf] 5}g . d'n'sdf pknJw >f]t / ;fwgsf] cfwf/df o; ;DjGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf x'g] g} x'+bf k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfp+m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf jlx/f ;d'xsf nflu cWoog ug] { ljBfno ;Grfng e} /x]sf / ;fwg / >f]tsf] pknJwtf;+u} /fHon] To; tkm{ eljiodf ljBfnosf] lj:tf/ ub} { hfg] g} 5 . hxf+;Dd ;fFs]lts efiffdf pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ kfpg] u/L sn]hsf] :yfkgf ug'{kg] { / ;/sf/L kf7\o k':tsnfO{ ;fFs]lts efiffdf cg'jfb ug] { u/fpg] ;DjGwdf pknJw ;fwg / >f]tsf] kl/lwleq /xL o; lsl;dsf] Joj:Yff ug] { u/fpg] tkm{ o; dGqfno ;+w} ;sf/fTds /x]sf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm . o; dGqfnosf] s] s'g sfd sf/jfxLjf6 lgj]bssf] xs clwsf/ xgg x'g uPsf] xf] ;f] sf] k'i6\ofO{ ;lxtsf] sf/0f v'nfpg g;s]sf] x'+bf ljgf sf/0f o; dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL jgfO{ bfo/ ul/Psf] k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfp+m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/, dlxnf , jfnjflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm . lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"lrdf r9L Ohnf; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdf lgj]bs tkm{jf6 pkl:yt lj4fg clwjQmfx? >L k|sfzd0fL zdf{, >L /df kGt -v/]n_ / >L zld{nf >]i7n] jlx/fx? /fHosf gful/s x'g . pgLx? lzIffsf] clwsf/jf6 jlGrt ePsf 5g\ . pRr lzIff cWoogsf] nflu ;fFs]lts efiffdf k9fO{ gePjf6 jlx/fx? rfx]/klg pRr lzIffsf] cWoog ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f !! n] ;j} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg 5g\ egL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @ 181 u/]tfklg ckfËn] k|of]u ug] { ;fFs]lts efiffsf] pRr lzIff cWoog ug] { Pp6} dfq sn]h gePjf6 jlx/fx? ;dfg ;+/If0fsf] df}lns xsjf6 ;d]t jlGrt ePsf]n] lgj]bg dfu jdf]lhd jlx/fx?nfO{ pRr lzIff cWoogsf] nflu ljz]if kf7\ok':tssf] ;fy} ;f+s]lts efiffdf k9fO{ x'g] sn]hsf] Joj:Yff ug'{ egL ljkIfLx?sf] gfp+df k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lxf];\ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jx; k|:t't ug'{eof] . ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno ;d]tsf] tkm{jf6 pkl:yt lj4fg pkGofofwLjQmf >L jh| ]; Kofs'/]nn] cGwf, jlx/f, ;':tdgl:ylt ePsfx?nfO{ ljz]if lzIff k|bfg ug{ ;/sf/ k|oTg/t /x]sf] 5 . pknJw >f]t / ;fwgsf] cfwf/df cfjZos Joj:Yff x'g] g} 5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jx; k|:t't ug'{eof] . lj4fg sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] ug'{ ePsf] jx; ;d]t ;'lg lgj]bg ;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{ lgj]bg dfu bfjL jdf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ldNg] xf], xf]O{g < eGg] ;DjGwdf lg0f{o lbg' kg] { b]lvg cfof] . @= lg0f{o tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2f ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] d'2fsf] ?kdf k|:t't ePsf] / lgj]bsx? dWo] /fdk|;fb clwsf/L / c?0f l;njfn :jo+ jlx/f ePsf] pNn]v ub} { ;f]xL sf/0fn] pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ gkfPsf] sf/0f b]vfp+b} lghx? / ;fj{hlgs xs / ;/f]sf/sf] If]qdf sfd ul/ cfPsf hglxt ;+/If0f dGr / pSt ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? ;d]t k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
- Page 1 and 2: lg0f{o g+=&(@% g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 3 and 4: ;+ljwfg, @)$& k|lt k"0f{ jkmfbf/ /x
- Page 5 and 6: gu/fpg' egL lakIfL ;DdfggLo k|wfgdG
- Page 7 and 8: $= l/6 g+= ))!) o;df s] s;f] ePsf]
- Page 9 and 10: p7fOPsf] ljifodf Gofo lg?k0f ug{ af
- Page 11 and 12: ;lsg]5 . t/ of] wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg ul
- Page 13 and 14: (= dfly k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @)
- Page 15 and 16: aflx/ uP/ Gofo lg?k0f ug{;Sg] cj:yf
- Page 17 and 18: d'n'sL P]g, j]l/t;Fu y'Gbfsf] dxndf
- Page 19 and 20: sfg"gL Joj:yfn] oftgf lbg] sfo{nfO{
- Page 21 and 22: cy{jf]w x'g ;Sg] g} x'Fb}g . j]l/t;
- Page 23 and 24: km};nf Gof=/fdk|;fb >]i7M Gofo k|zf
- Page 25 and 26: gf/fo0f l;+x dfb]gaf6 xfdLn] lnPsf
- Page 27 and 28: d]/f] xs uPsf]n] c=j+= *^ g+=adf]lh
- Page 29 and 30: af]w uDo / :ki6 klg x'+bf To;df cnd
- Page 31 and 32: lk+9Ldf ;'lt/fv]sf] jvt nfQL / d'Ss
- Page 33 and 34: ul/lbPsf] kfOG5 . jf/bftsf] k|ToIfb
- Page 35 and 36: kl/jf/sf xh/a'jf / gflt gftfsf JolQ
- Page 37 and 38: lg0f{o g+=&(@( g]=sf=k= @)^% ;jf] {
- Page 39 and 40: lsl;dn] b'lift lg0f{o ab/ gx'g] u/L
- Page 41 and 42: k/L !((( ;fndf lnvt ab/ x'g] 7x/fO{
- Page 43 and 44: lg0f{o g+=&(#) g]=sf=k= @)^% g] ]kf
- Page 45 and 46: o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]
- Page 47 and 48: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 49 and 50: ;~rosf]if /f]lsg uPsf] b]lvof] . To
- Page 51: { { { { JolQmut / ;+:yfut b'j} :t/d
- Page 55 and 56: klg cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs bfloTjsf] c+
- Page 57 and 58: dfgjn] kfp+b5g\ . To;}n] ckfËsf kl
- Page 59 and 60: ckfËx?nfO{ emg} j9L ;dy{gsf] h?/t
- Page 61 and 62: g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)^%, c+ +s @
- Page 63 and 64: klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fjf6 jlGrt
- Page 65 and 66: cfkm\g} ckfË hgtfx? k|lt ;d]t xfd|
- Page 67 and 68: ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfg / P]gn] lglb
- Page 69 and 70: xssf] ;fdfGo k|fjwfg sf] cltl/Qm k|
- Page 71 and 72: ug'{, ToxfF k|of]u x'g] kf7\o;fdfu|
- Page 73 and 74: km};nf Gof= /fh]Gb|k|;fb sf]O/fnfM
- Page 75 and 76: lakIfL jfbL ;d]t ldnL dnfO{ cgfxsdf
- Page 77 and 78: ubf{ jf s'g} lsl;dn] xs 5f8L lb+bf
- Page 79 and 80: dWo:ysf] Joj:yf survive ug] { x'Fbf
- Page 81 and 82: df}lns xs, sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf
- Page 83 and 84: ;fy} k|:t't ljjfb s} ;DaGwdf o; k"j
- Page 85 and 86: o; cbfntdf sfg"g jdf]lhd k}m;nf ePs
- Page 87 and 88: ljkIfL sDkgLn] lgj]bs sDkgL ;dIf lg
- Page 89 and 90: ePsf]df ;f]xL ad]flhd / gePsf]df o;
- Page 91 and 92: Access to Justice af6 alGrt gxf];\
- Page 93 and 94: separability doctrine" in America a
- Page 95 and 96: e binding upon both such parties."
- Page 97 and 98: pQm k"jf{j:yfx? kfngf u/]sf] t/ pQm
- Page 99 and 100: yk s]xL s'/f pNn]v x'g cfjZos b]lvo
- Page 101 and 102: sf] lgod @#-!_ -u_ df pNn]v eP cg';
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg :yfgdf<br />
jlx/f ;d'xsf nflu cWoog ug] { ljBfno<br />
;Grfng e} /x]sf / ;fwg / >f]tsf]<br />
pknJwtf;+u} /fHon] To; tkm{ eljiodf<br />
ljBfnosf] lj:tf/ ub} { hfg] g} 5 .<br />
hxf+;Dd ;fFs]lts ef<strong>if</strong>fdf p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff<br />
xfl;n ug{ kfpg] u/L sn]hsf] :yfkgf<br />
ug'{kg]<br />
{ / ;/sf/L kf7\o k':tsnfO{<br />
;fFs]lts ef<strong>if</strong>fdf cg'<strong>jf</strong>b ug] { u/fpg]<br />
;DjGwdf pknJw ;fwg / >f]tsf]<br />
kl/lwleq /xL o; lsl;dsf] Joj:Yff ug] {<br />
u/fpg] tkm{ o; dGqfno ;+w} ;sf/fTds<br />
/x]sf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff<br />
tyf v]ns"b dGqfnosf] lnlvt h<strong>jf</strong>km .<br />
o; dGqfnosf] s] s'g sfd<br />
sf/<strong>jf</strong>xL<strong>jf</strong>6 lgj]bssf] xs clwsf/ xgg<br />
x'g uPsf] xf] ;f] sf] k'i6\ofO{ ;lxtsf]<br />
sf/0f v'nfpg g;s]sf] x'+bf<br />
ljgf sf/0f<br />
o; dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL jgfO{<br />
bfo/ ul/Psf] k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h u/L<br />
kfp+m eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn ;/sf/,<br />
dlxnf , <strong>jf</strong>n<strong>jf</strong>lnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f<br />
dGqfnosf] lnlvt h<strong>jf</strong>km .<br />
lgod adf]lhd k]zL ;"lrdf r9L<br />
<strong>Ohnf</strong>; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't<br />
lgj]bgdf lgj]bs tkm{<strong>jf</strong>6 pkl:yt<br />
lj4fg clwjQmfx? >L k|sfzd0fL zdf{,<br />
>L /df kGt -v/]n_ / >L zld{nf >]i7n]<br />
jlx/fx? /fHosf gful/s x'g . pgLx?<br />
lzIffsf] clwsf/<strong>jf</strong>6 jlGrt ePsf 5g\ .<br />
p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff cWoogsf] nflu ;fFs]lts<br />
ef<strong>if</strong>fdf k9fO{ geP<strong>jf</strong>6 jlx/fx? rfx]/klg<br />
p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIffsf] cWoog ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ .<br />
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf]<br />
wf/f !! n] ;j} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df<br />
;dfg 5g\ egL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf<br />
g] ]kfn sfg" "g klqsf @)<strong>^%</strong>, c+ +s @<br />
181<br />
u/]tfklg ckfËn] k|of]u ug] { ;fFs]lts<br />
ef<strong>if</strong>fsf] p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff cWoog ug] { Pp6}<br />
dfq sn]h geP<strong>jf</strong>6 jlx/fx? ;dfg<br />
;+/If0fsf] df}lns xs<strong>jf</strong>6 ;d]t jlGrt<br />
ePsf]n] lgj]bg dfu jdf]lhd<br />
jlx/fx?nfO{ p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff cWoogsf] nflu<br />
<strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> kf7\ok':tssf] ;fy} ;f+s]lts<br />
ef<strong>if</strong>fdf k9fO{ x'g] sn]hsf] Joj:Yff ug'{<br />
egL ljkIfLx?sf] gfp+df k/dfb]zsf]<br />
cfb]z hf/Lxf];\ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jx;<br />
k|:t't ug'{eof]<br />
.<br />
ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/, lzIff tyf<br />
v]ns"b dGqfno ;d]tsf] tkm{<strong>jf</strong>6<br />
pkl:yt lj4fg pkGofofwLjQmf >L jh| ];<br />
Kofs'/]nn] cGwf, jlx/f, ;':tdgl:ylt<br />
ePsfx?nfO{ <strong>ljz</strong>]<strong>if</strong> lzIff k|bfg ug{<br />
;/sf/ k|oTg/t /x]sf] 5 . pknJw >f]t<br />
/ ;fwgsf] cfwf/df cfjZos Joj:Yff<br />
x'g] g} 5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] jx; k|:t't<br />
ug'{eof]<br />
.<br />
lj4fg sfg"g Joj;foLx?n] ug'{<br />
ePsf] jx; ;d]t ;'lg lgj]bg ;lxtsf]<br />
ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{ lgj]bg dfu<br />
bfjL jdf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ldNg]<br />
xf], xf]O{g < eGg] ;DjGwdf <strong>lg0f</strong>{o lbg' kg] {<br />
b]lvg cfof] .<br />
@= <strong>lg0f</strong>{o tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{<br />
k|:t't d'2f ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] d'2fsf]<br />
?kdf k|:t't ePsf] / lgj]bsx? dWo]<br />
/fdk|;fb clwsf/L / c?0f l;n<strong>jf</strong>n :jo+<br />
jlx/f ePsf] pNn]v ub} { ;f]xL sf/0fn]<br />
p<strong>Rr</strong> lzIff xfl;n ug{ gkfPsf] sf/0f<br />
b]vfp+b} lghx? / ;fj{hlgs xs /<br />
;/f]sf/sf] If]qdf sfd ul/ cfPsf<br />
hglxt ;+/If0f dGr / pSt ;+:yfsf<br />
k|ltlglwx? ;d]t k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .