ALGORITHMSFOR SURFACEMOTIONPROBLEMS 7 defined on the grid jds =O, + 1, rt_2, . . . . As As -+ 0, the discrete initial data converges to the flat line $ = 0 in the following fashion: yo(j As) = 0 + O( (A#‘) yb(j As) = 0 + O((As)“‘) xo(j As) = x + O( As) x;(j As) = 1 + O( As). Iiowever, a marker particle numerical scheme (<strong>with</strong>out regridding) blows up after O(l/(ds)“*) time steps. With any relationship between Af and As of the form At = (ds)J’, p> 4, the actual numerical blow up time is O(dt)O(l/(d~)“~) = O(As)P- 112, which goes to zero as As vanishes, even though the real solution is finite (in fact, zero in all derivatives) for all time. APPENDIX B: GENERAL EN0 CONSTRUCTION We build RM by induction on M. In each cell xj 8 x f xii r ~ R’ is defined as follows: R’(x; !P)=!P;+(x-xj)D+Y; = Y;+(x-xj) Yyxj,xj+l], where u[xj - p, . . . . sj + u] denotes the usual coefficient in the Newton interpoiating polynomial. We also define kg,), = j, k,,, (l) = j+ 1. Suppose we have defined R”-‘(x; F)forxj
48 OSHER AND SETHIAN To summarize, in each cell xj < x < xj+ 1, we have constructed an essentially non- oscillatory polynomial of degree M. This polynomial is the restriction to the cell of a polynomial interpolating ( Y;) at A4 + 1 consecutive points x,, including xi and xj+l; moreover, these points are chosen so that all derivatives of the polynomial are as small as possible in absolute value. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank G. Barles, A. Chorin, 0. Hald, M. Grayson, and P. L. Lions. In addition, we thank Bill Johnston and the Graphics Group at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley for help <strong>with</strong> the figures. REFERENCES 1. G. BARLES, Report No. 464, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Sophia Antipolis, France, 1985 (unpublished). 2. K. A. BRAKKE, The Motion of a Surface by Its Mean <strong>Curvature</strong> (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1978). 3 A. J. CHORIN, J. Comput. Phys. 51, 472 (1985). 4. A. J. CHORIN, J. Comput. Phys. 35, 1 (1980). 5. M. G. CRANDALL AND P. L. LIONS, Math. Comp. 43, 1 (1984). 6. M. L. FRANKEL AND G. I. SIVASHINSKY, Comb. Sci. Technol. 29, 207 (1982). 7. M. GAGE, Duke Math. J. 50, 1225 (1983). 8. M. GAGE, Invent. Math. 76, 357 (1984). 9. M. GAGE AND R. S. HAMILTON, J. Differential Geom. 23, 69 (1986). 10. M. GRAYSON, J. Differential Geom. 26, 285 (1988). 11. M. GRAYSON, A Short Note on the Evolution of a Surfaces via Mean <strong>Curvature</strong>, Stanford University Mathematics Dept. preprint (1987). 12. S. K. GODIJNOV, Mat. Sb. 47, 271 (1959). 13. A. HARTEN, B. ENGQUIST, S. Osm, AND S. CHAKRAVARTHY, J. Comput. Phys. 71, 231 (1987). 14. A. HARTEN, S. OSHER, B. ENGQUIST, AND S. CHAKRAVAR~, Appl. Num. Math. 2, 237 (1986). 15. G. HUISKEN, J. Differential Geom. 20, 237 (1984). 16. N. N. KUTNETSOV, in Topics in Numerical Analysis ZZI, edited by J. J. H. Miller (Academic Press, New York, 1977). 17. S. N. KRUZ’KOV, Math. U.S.S.R. Sb. 10, 217 (1970). 18. L. LANDAU, Acta Physiocochim. URSS 19, (1944). 19. J. S. LANGER, Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 1 (1980). 20. J. S. LANGER AND H. MULLER-KRUMHAAR, Phys. Rev. A 27, 499 (1983). 21. P. D. LAX, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 10, 537 (1957). 22. G. H. MARKSTEIN, J. Aero. Sci. 18, 199 (1951). 23. G. H. MARKSTEIN, Non-Steady Flame Propagation (Pergammon, MacMillan C., New York, 1964). 24. W. W. MULLINS AND R. F. SEKERKA, J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2885 (1963). 25. F. A. NICHOLS AND W. W. MULLINS, Trans. Metall. Sot. AIME 223, 1840 (1965). 26. W. NOH AND P. WOODWARD, in Proceedings, Ftfth International Conference on Fluid Dynamics, edited by A. I. van de Vooran and P. J. Zandberger (Springer-Verlag, New York/Berlin, 1976). 27. S. OSHER, SIAM J. Num. Anal. 21, 217 (1984). 28. 0. A. OLEINIK, T. Moscow Mat. Obsc. 5, 433 (1956). 29. C. SHU AND S. OSHER, J. Comput. Phys. 77, 439 (1988).