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just letting employees use their personal phones for work purposes. [87] Slowly

but surely, iPhones started creeping into BlackBerry’s treasured enterprise

market — a perfect example of the trend known as “consumerization of the

enterprise.” [88] In short, BlackBerry realized too late that everyday users, not

businesspeople, called the shots. [89]

By the time BlackBerry realized it had to reach consumers directly, it had

already fallen behind. [90] To compete with the iPhone, BlackBerry designed a

touchscreen phone called the Storm in 2008. But, in their hurry, BlackBerry

released the phone before it was ready, and consumers gave it phone negative

reviews. [91] Even the BlackBerry CEO admitted it was a flop. [92]

The other main trend that BlackBerry missed was the rise of the “app

economy.” BlackBerry didn’t realize that consumers wanted to do more than

just send emails on their phones: they wanted apps, games, and instant

messaging. [93] BlackBerry didn’t do enough to encourage developers to build

apps for their platform. Instead, Apple’s App Store grew to have far more

apps than BlackBerry’s store, which sent customers stampeding toward

iPhones. [94]

In short, BlackBerry got complacent, focusing too much on their current

users without thinking about growing their new user base. [95] They didn’t

notice the emerging trends in the software industry. BlackBerry continued to

see its phones as business productivity tools, whereas Apple (and Google)

rethought phones as versatile “entertainment hubs” for everyday people. [96]

Apple read consumers correctly, and they won. [97]

A failed comeback

By 2012, BlackBerry’s market share had tumbled from 20% in 2007 to just

7%. [98] That year, BlackBerry appointed a new CEO to try to turn things

around. [99] They even launched a new series of high-end phones, the Q10 and

Z10, in what a New York Times critic called “BlackBerry’s Hail Mary

pass.” [100]

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