Visibility of Luna and Lunar Crescent

O@ thc rim. of thc g.cdric biil of th. Ncw MFn is d.lmin d, dE rcxl
r.3l( ir b d.cdic dE locd circuhlt .c6 oflhc Su ud dE M@n tt dE tirc ofsu5.l
on lhc day of rh. conjwrid or r &, .ncr thc djulction (or d lh. lirc of swi$ on
lh. dly ol conjncdon or thc dly b.foE). Fd this i'lk ooc mEt d.r.miE th. l@l
tim6 of thc ru$t a.d lhc noon3ct In tr. mmins in otdcr to b. vkiblc th. Su rhould
tag b.hind thc Moon in odd rh|lth. @s i3 visiblc .d in thc dcnine! thc M@n
sholld bc hgAitrg b.hind rh. Su. Clsiotly thc LAC of $c M@n h!5 Em.in d on
ih!{ndr cosidcElion for lhc adi.sr vbibility of$. w lua ct6..nl. SiM thc
rim6 of th. Babyloni.ns thtuu8h ni.tdl6 !96 .rd ill tlE 20d e uy it hs b.qr
coNid.Ed I deisiv. aerd. Blbyloni@ @Nidc!!d nininm LAG rcquiGd for tlF
visibihy or new lund ca*nt to b. 48 miNt6 wh.@ thc MBlidAFbs co.sid.td il
lo b. 42 to 48 minut s dcp.ndinS on th. E ih-M@n disl'ne. In Dod.m liis tlDogh
thc lisibihy condnioB hlvc b.cn eFncd nainly d@ lo .ll kinds ot lnifi.ill
pollurios dc ncw luM cGs6t hls bc.n rcpon d lo b. tishr.d vlEn ia LAC B
mwh ls ths 42 hinut€s.
TIE ddcmin.tion ot $c l@l riGs or rh. suEr ..d $. n@nsr, though statd
!o b. s@nd t.st in *qu.na, i! dcp.nd.nt on rhc dct mimtion ol dt PEci*
toldenkic @diMl* of th. Su ed thc M@n- h is rh.tfoE imFnliv. lhat b.foE rh.
&t frinatioi of rhc LAG orc nusr find th. E.@ ric @rdiMl6 ed lh.n lhe
bpo@ntdc c@rdinarcs foi $c l@don on lh. globc fom sh.E ob6cNalion it to bc
m&. of th.* bodic!. Th.* e dcrivcd fren th. two $.oti.s, dF VSOPET .rd th.
ELP-2000 (di*.us.d lakr in $. ch!pr.o. As both rh* thod.s &*db. lh.luM.nd
$. iol& c@dinatcs 6 .xplicit tin sid, mlkiig olt thc prilc "lim. usm.nt' is
*nlid tor lh. appUcadon of tI6c fodul8. 'It. "ritu" co*idcrcd in thc* 0E@.s
ed rh. orh.r thcod6, is . rim ird.Dcnd.nr oflh. dillioB of thc E nl ed ir g.tudlly
Lfr.d s "Drnmial Timc . How.r dc limC' speificd bt ou clclc b ba*d on thc
!sn8. norion of rhe Esnli .nd t. Sui 6d is lm.d .s thc "Md Sol& Tim." Th.
titu cosi&cd in ihc applidion of dE rh.oncs b ihc B.lyc.ftic DyMic.l Tin.
(tBD) or dE TcGrrirl Tirc (II) which ir 6sin d wirh th. C6.dl Th@ry of
RGl ivily (Ch.po -To@a & Ch!!ro4 l9l, Ncl$n.t..1,2001, Guiml &
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