3. FOOD ChEMISTRy & bIOTEChNOLOGy 3.1. Lectures

Chem. Listy, 102, s265–s1311 (2008) Food Chemistry & Biotechnology
P102 DyNAMICS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES
APPLIED TO APPLE PROTECTION DuRING
PRE-hARVEST AND POST-hARVEST PERIOD
JAnA URBAnOVá a , OnDřEJ LACInA a , JAKUB
SCHůREK a , MIROSLAV LánSKý b and JAnA
HAJŠLOVá a
a Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of
Chemical Technology in Prague, Technicka 3, Prague 6,
166 28, Czech Republic,
b Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy,
Czech Republic,
jana.hajslova@vscht.cz
Introduction
Pesticides represent an important group of agrochemicals
used for food crop protection. However, their residues
can often be detected in treated crops at the harvest time.
Because of the health hazard, this issue is of high concern,
mainly when crops containing residues are intended for baby
food production. Infants and young children are the most vulnerable
group of human population; therefore, uniform maximum
residue limit (MRL) 0.01 mg kg –1 has been established
in EU for any pesticide residue occurring in processed baby
food. Currently, most of producers require raw materials
complying with this (low) residue limit, although it applies to
processed product. Under real-life conditions, this may pose
a problem, since many pesticide preparations even when used
in accordance with Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) may
leave residues exceeding the “baby food” MRL 1 .
Table I
Schedule of the pre-harvest treatment
Application date
Pesticide preparation/
dosage [per hectare]
s807
Apples are the key raw material for production of fruitbased
baby food. Unfortunately apples can be attacked by
various disorders not only during pre-harvest period but also
during storage. Sometimes incipient infection is too small to
be seen prior to fruit storage but may develop under favourable
conditions (high humidity) as a result of sporulation
from older lesions. Particular treatment strategy should be
applied to apples intended for storage because the decline of
pesticide residues within a post-harvest time might be slower
(depending on the storage conditions) than during the preharvest
period when the drop is relatively rapid due to various
environmental factors 2 .
Experimental
F i e l d E x p e r i m e n t s
Four different apple varieties, Golden Delicious, Gloster,
Idared and Melrose, were examined in this study. The
same treatment schedule was applied to all studied varieties.
The overview of pesticide preparations and some relevant
characteristics of active ingredients are listed in Table I.
In the first phase, the experimental apple trees obtained
specific pesticide treatment from April to June, see Table I. In
the second phase, the orchard was divided into four sections
(S1–S4). In the S1 no pesticides were used, while in S2–S4,
fungicides against storage pests were applied according to the
scheme shown in Table II.
The first set of samples was taken for analysis at the time
of harvest (October 10, 2007) and the next two after three
(January 8, 2008) and five (March 19, 2008) months of cold
storage (1–3 ºC).
Active ingredient Mode of action Safety period [days]
April 12, 2007 Chorus 75 WG/0.2 kg cyprodinil fungicide 28
Cascade 5 EC/1.5 kg flufenoxuron insecticide -
April 19, 2007 Clarinet 20 SC/1.5 dm 3 fluquinconazole fungicide 28
pyrimethanil fungicide
April 26, 2007 Thiram Granulo/3.0 kg thiram fungicide 14
May 3, 2007 Dithane neotec/3.0 kg mancozeb fungicide 21
Calypso 480 SC/0.2 dm 3 thiacloprid insecticide 14
May 11, 2007 Delan 700 WDG/0.6 dm 3 dithianon fungicide 21
Score 250 EC/0.2 dm 3 difenoconazole fungicide 49
May 18, 2007 Polyram WG/3.0 kg metiram fungicide 21
Insegar 25 WP/0.3 kg fenoxycarb insecticide 60
May 25, 2007 Integro/0.5 dm 3 methoxyfenozide insecticide 14
June 1, 2007
Baycor 25 WP/1.0 kg
Score 250 EC/0.2 dm
bitertanol fungicide 35
3 difenoconatole fungicide 49
June 7, 2007 Domark 10 EC/0.4 dm3 tetraconazole fungicide 14
June 14, 2007 Syllit 400 SC/1.7 dm3 Trebon 10 EW/0.5 dm
dodine fungicide 21
3 etofenprox insecticide 28
June 26, 2007 Mythos 30 SC/1.0 dm3 Mospilan 20 SP/0.25 kg
pyrimethanil
acetamiprid
fungicide
insecticide
28
28