3. FOOD ChEMISTRy & bIOTEChNOLOGy 3.1. Lectures

Chem. Listy, 102, s265–s1311 (2008) Food Chemistry & Biotechnology
P51 INFLuENCE OF ChEMICAL TREATMENT ON
FuSARIuM TOxINS IN bARLEy hARVESTED
2005–2007
JAnA KOHOUTKOVá, KATEřInA LAnCOVá,
ALEXAnDRA KRPLOVá, OnDřEJ LACInA, JAnA
HAJŠLOVá, JAnA MARKOVá and JAROSLAVA
EHREnBERGEROVá
Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of
Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6
Jana.Kohoutkova@vscht.cz
Introduction
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced
by certain toxigenic microscopic fungi in various crops used
as raw materials for the production of foodstuffs and fodder.
Fusarium toxins have been shown to cause a variety of
toxic effects (both acute and chronic) in humans and animals
(vomiting, dermal irritation, haemorragic lesions, weight
reduction, etc.).
The main objective of this study was to investigate the
influence of key agricultural practices (resistance of barley
cultivars, chemical treatment use, pre-crop and different
growing locality) on Fusarium mycotoxins in barley. Field
trials were realized in cooperation with the Agricultural
Research Institute Kroměříž (harvest 2005, 2006 and 2007).
For the determination of the most important Fusarium
mycotoxins, the high-performance liquid chromatography
coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was
used. The trueness of the generated data was successfully
demonstrated in proficiency test (Food Analysis Performance
Assessment Scheme, FAPAS ® ) organized by Central Science
Laboratory (CSL, York, UK).
Experimental
M y c o t o x i n s
Characterisation of analytical method: isolation
of the most important Fusarium mycotoxins from sample
was carried out using an acetonitrile/water mixture for
one hour by a shaker. Extract was analysed by LC–MS/MS
(LCQ Deca, Finnigen, USA), on column Synergi Hydro RP
(150 mm ×3 mm × 4 μm) after clean-up by solid phase extraction
employing the MycoSep ��226
® cartridges.
Target mycotoxins:
• trichothecenes type B – deoxynivalenol (DOn), nivalenol
(nIV), fusarenon-X (Fus-X), sum of 13-acetyldeoxynivalenol
and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (expressed as
ADOn)
• trichothecenes type A – HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin
(T-2)
• zearalenone (ZOn)
P e s t i c i d e s
Characterisation of analytical method: Isolation of
target pesticides from sample was carried out using a acetonitrile
after addition 1% formic acid. Extract was analysed by
s685
LC–MS/MS (Quattro Premier XE, Waters, USA) on column
Discovery C18 (100 mm × 3 mm × 5 μm).
Table I
Used pesticides
G r o w i n g L o c a l i t y
harvest 2005:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Active compound Type Product
Amidosulfuron Herbicid Secator
Mefenpyr-diethyl Herbicid Secator
Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium Herbicid Secator
Fenpropimorph Fungicid Cerelux
Flusilazole Fungicid Cerelux
MCPA Herbicid Optica trio
Mecoprop Herbicid Optica trio
Tebuconazole Fungicid Falcon
Triadimenol Fungicid Falcon
Spiroxamin Fungicid Falcon
Žabčice
chemical treatment (pesticide)
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
Kroměříž
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
harvest 2006:
Kroměříž
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
Branišovice
chemical treatment (pesticide)
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
Uherský Ostroh
chemical treatment (pesticide)
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
harvest 2007:
Žabčice
chemical treatment (pesticide)
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
Kroměříž
chemical treatment (pesticide)
no chemical treatment (pesticide)
e x a m i n e d S a m p l e s
Varieties of barley: Amulet, Bojos, Jersey, Malz,
Prestige, Sebastián, Tolar and other
harvest 2005:
6 barley samples
30 malt samples prepared from tested barley