3. FOOD ChEMISTRy & bIOTEChNOLOGy 3.1. Lectures
3. FOOD ChEMISTRy & bIOTEChNOLOGy 3.1. Lectures
3. FOOD ChEMISTRy & bIOTEChNOLOGy 3.1. Lectures
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Chem. Listy, 102, s265–s1311 (2008) Food Chemistry & Biotechnology<br />
P44 COMPARATIVE ExTRACTION METhODS OF<br />
SOME bIOLOGIC ACTIVE COMPOuNDS IN<br />
hERbS<br />
AnDREEA IORDACHE, MOnICA CULEA and OnUC<br />
COZAR<br />
Babes-Bolyai University, Str. Kogalniceanu, nr.1, 3400 Cluj-<br />
Napoca, Romania,<br />
mculea@phys.ubbcluj.ro<br />
Introduction<br />
Many studies are made for the optimization of the experimental<br />
design approach for obtaining the best recoveries,<br />
low solvent consumption and reduced extraction times. In the<br />
last years the number of procedures using extraction of organic<br />
compounds from different matrices has increased 1,2 .<br />
The aim of the present work is to present a comparison<br />
between some extraction methods, for qualitative characterization<br />
of flavors extracted from herb plants of different<br />
sources.<br />
Experimental<br />
A liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE), compared with<br />
two different solid-phase extraction methods (SPE- on 300 mg<br />
RP-18, C-18 silica bonded and 300 mg TCS), a microwave<br />
one (MWE) and an ultrasonic extraction one (USE) were<br />
compared using an aroma compounds standard mixture. The<br />
analytical method chosen were gas chromatography and gas<br />
chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS).<br />
M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s<br />
A Hewlett Packard GC 5890 couplet with a MS engine<br />
5989B in the EI mode was used for compounds identification.<br />
The GC was equipped with a HP-5MS capillary column<br />
30 m × 0.25 mm diameter, 0,25 µm film thickness, in the temperature<br />
program: 50 °C for 2 min, then increased to 250 °C<br />
with a rate of 8 °C min –1 , helium flow rate 1 ml min –1 . Deactivation<br />
by treating the injector glass liner with 5% dimethyldichlorosilane<br />
in toluene was very important for a better sensitivity.<br />
The GC/MS interface line and the ion source were<br />
maintained to 200 °C, and quadrupol analyser at 100 °C.<br />
Electron energy was 70 eV and electron emission 300 µA.<br />
Methanol, methylen chloride, hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone<br />
were purchased from Comchim (Bucharest, Romania).<br />
The standards were from Fluka, Sueden: 1. 3-Hepten-2-one,<br />
used as external standard (ES), 2. 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) <strong>3.</strong><br />
linalool 4. geraniol 5. alpha-terpinyl-acetate 6. geranyl acetate<br />
7. amyl salicylate 8. myristic acid (C14 : 0) 9. palmitic acid<br />
(C16: 0) 10. Stearic acid (C18 : 0) . FAME were from Polyscience<br />
Corporation, Evantson, Illinois, USA. The standards,<br />
100 µl each, formed the mixture M, except of the external<br />
standard, 3-hepten-2-one, added separately before extraction.<br />
Cartridges of 300 mg RP-18 and TSC were obtained from<br />
Merck. A stock solution was obtained by diluting 100 µl of<br />
each compound. Working standard was prepared by diluting<br />
the stock solution to obtain a concentration of <strong>3.</strong>3 % vol.<br />
s667<br />
L L e e x t r a c t i o n<br />
A mixture of three solvents (S) was prepared: ethyl acetate:<br />
hexane: methylen chloride (5 : 1 : 1, v/v/v). The LLE<br />
extraction procedure was: 30 µl mixture M in 1 ml solution<br />
distilled water: ethanol (1 : 1, v/v), or 1 ml hydroalcoholic<br />
flavour extract), 1 ml distilled water and 0.33 ml solvent<br />
S, (3 : 3 : 1, v/v/v) were mixed 1.5 minutes and then centrifugated<br />
2 minutes. 1 µl 3-hepten-2-one, was added to the<br />
supernatant and then 1 µl was injected two times by using the<br />
autosampler injector.<br />
S P E E x t r a c t i o n<br />
The solid phase was conditioned with 3 ml methanol<br />
and 3 ml distilled water. After sample application, washing<br />
and drying 10 minutes at vacuum, the sample was eluted with<br />
3 × 0.3 ml solvent. The solvent was solvent S in the case of<br />
RP-18 cartridges and chloroform-acetone (1 : 1, v/v), in the<br />
case of TSC cartridges. After adding of 1 µl of the external<br />
standard to the eluate, 1 µl was injected by using the<br />
autosampler injector. Each sample was injected twice.<br />
M W e e x t r a c t i o n<br />
The microwave extraction procedure was performed<br />
at 2,45 GHz for 4 sec, to a temperature of 60 °C, in a screw<br />
cap vessel. 30 µl mixture S was added to 1 ml hydroalcoholic<br />
solution, 1 ml distilled water and 0.33 ml solvent S were placed<br />
in the microwave funnel and extracted. Then 1 µl 3-hepten-2-one<br />
(ES), was added to the supernatant and analyzed<br />
twice.<br />
U S E E x t r a c t i o n<br />
The ultrasonic extraction procedure was performed<br />
1min, at a temperature of 60 °C. The ultrasonic probe was<br />
placed in the vessel containing 30 µl mixture S in 1 ml hydroalcoholic<br />
solution, 1 ml distilled water and 0.33 ml solvent<br />
S. After extraction, 1 µl 3-hepten-2-one (ES) was added to<br />
the supernatant and analyzed.<br />
Table I<br />
Recovery [%] obtained by different procedures<br />
Component LLE SPE SPE MW US<br />
heptenone<br />
1,8-cineole<br />
(eucalyptol)<br />
98.97 81.47 68.54 100.84 99.75<br />
linalool 96.67 86.96 72.07 100.98 100.50<br />
geraniol 94.31 87.54 77.91 111.48 112.12<br />
alfa-terpenyl<br />
acetate<br />
97.57 86.13 7<strong>3.</strong>52 102.26 100.37<br />
geranyl<br />
acetate<br />
96.28 8<strong>3.</strong>14 72.75 102.57 99.86<br />
amyl<br />
slicilate<br />
97.23 85.72 7<strong>3.</strong>99 120.91 118.03<br />
C14 : 0 100.82 86.24 75.07 98.02 95.04<br />
C16 : 0 97.14 86.73 75.87 96.91 92.95<br />
C18 : 0 96.93 85.54 74.68 95.74 92.07