6 Wood Discoloration

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Foreword <strong>Wood</strong>, as a raw material and a renewable biomass, has had great importance for thousands of years. Under suitable conditions, however, it is also easily degradable as part of the biological cycle. The processes of decomposition by fungi, and measures for protection against them, have been studied for quite a long time. The resulting knowledge on the causes and effects of wood degradation can hardly be overlooked. For more than 30 years, Olaf Schmidt has investigated the causes and effects of wood degradation by fungi and bacteria. Pioneering contributions have also been made in several fields, such as wood-inhabiting bacteria and molecular methods for fungal identification. Laboratory work is accompanied by teaching the field of wood deterioration by microorganisms, thus contributing to the broad spectrum of information accumulated. “<strong>Wood</strong>andTreeFungi”byOlafSchmidtpresentsthemostcomprehensive treatise on the fundamentals, causes, and consequences of decomposition of wood as well as measures for its prevention. The 1,400 references give an overlook of the vast amount of information evaluated. For a long time to come this book will be the competent source of knowledge about the fascinating interactions between wood and microorganisms. Walter Liese
Page 2: Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
Page 6: Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
Page 12: Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Biology
Page 16: Contents XI 8.4.6 Trametes versicol
Page 20: 2 1 Introduction wood apply essenti
Page 24: 4 2Biology Fig.2.1. Vegetative hyph
Page 28: 6 2Biology The solutes in the cytop
Page 32: 8 2Biology Fig.2.4. Ultrastructural
Page 36: 10 2 Biology Table 2.2. Growth rate
Page 40: 12 2 Biology Fig.2.5. Appressorium
Page 44: 14 2 Biology Table 2.4. Strand diag
Page 48: 16 2 Biology 2.2.2 Reproduction of
Page 52: 18 2 Biology The biological advanta
Page 56: 20 2 Biology Fig.2.13. Structure of
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22 2 Biology A short branch arises
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24 2 Biology mature) and non-lamell
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26 2 Biology to September. In citie
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28 2 Biology some nuclear fusions a
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30 2 Biology a haploid mycelium wit
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32 2 Biology for yeasts that employ
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34 2 Biology Fig.2.19. Protein band
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36 2 Biology single strands at abou
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38 2 Biology to conserved rDNA regi
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40 2 Biology Table 2.8. Sequenced a
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42 2 Biology Fig.2.22. Phylogeny of
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44 2 Biology Table 2.9. Species-spe
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46 2 Biology Fig.2.24. MALDI-TOF ma
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48 2 Biology nant and a vowel. The
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50 2 Biology or unitunicate ascus w
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52 2 Biology The Deuteromycetes are
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54 3 Physiology wounding a tree. A
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56 3 Physiology 1987, 1991). Transl
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58 3 Physiology durability of many
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60 3 Physiology at more than 20% CO
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62 3 Physiology of the water vapor
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64 3 Physiology intermolecular cavi
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66 3 Physiology 1974). Wood fungi a
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68 3 Physiology Table 3.8. Cardinal
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70 3 Physiology more thermotolerant
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72 3 Physiology Fig.3.2. pH value r
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74 3 Physiology Antrodia vaillantii
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76 3 Physiology Fig.3.3. Fruit body
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78 3 Physiology are only valuable i
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80 3 Physiology tree fungi (“biol
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82 3 Physiology The various competi
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84 3 Physiology 1989). The soil qua
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4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation 4.1 En
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4.1 Enzymes and Low Molecular Agent
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4.1 Enzymes and Low Molecular Agent
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4.3 Degradation of Hemicelluloses 9
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4.4 Cellulose Degradation 95 4.4 Ce
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4.4 Cellulose Degradation 97 metabo
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 99 The acces
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 101 vary als
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 103 (porphyr
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 105 genes en
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 107 that oxi
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110 5 Damages by Viruses and Bacter
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120 6 Wood Discoloration The wood-d
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122 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.2. M
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124 6 Wood Discoloration bark. Pulp
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126 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.3. B
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128 6 Wood Discoloration window con
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130 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.4. R
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132 6 Wood Discoloration is perform
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7 Wood Rot There are three types of
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7.1 Brown Rot 137 et al. 2004), and
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7.2 White Rot 139 tarius, T. versic
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7.2 White Rot 141 Fig.7.3. Manganes
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7.3 Soft Rot 143 Fig.7.4. Soft rot.
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7.3 Soft Rot 145 Further infection
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7.4 Protection 147 (Willeitner and
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7.4 Protection 149 preservatives. I
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7.4 Protection 151 ing efficacy and
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7.4 Protection 153 fungicides and p
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7.4 Protection 155 Table 7.9 shows
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7.4 Protection 157 unpleasant smell
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7.4 Protection 159 is a mixture of
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162 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi tophtho
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164 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Table 8
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166 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Fig.8.2
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168 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi cut sec
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170 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi ins; e.
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172 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi through
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174 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi After w
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178 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi for bra
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182 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi The typ
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184 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi by Armi
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186 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi schwein
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188 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Fruit b
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190 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi (pine),
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194 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi violet
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198 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Signifi
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200 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.3.11
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202 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi inChap.
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204 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Strands
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206 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.4.5 S
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210 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi timber
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212 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.5.2 L
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214 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.5.2.3
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218 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Oligopo
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220 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 1985).
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224 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Occurre
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226 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi alive m
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230 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi to penc
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232 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi with it
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234 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi most im
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236 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 1991; R
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238 9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inha
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Appendix 1 Identification Key for S
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Appendix 1 255 thesebrighttobrown;v
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Appendix 1 257 22(13,17) recognizab
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Appendix 1 259 margin; sometimes wi
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262 Appendix 2 Candida utilis (Henn
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264 Appendix 2 Memnoniella echinata
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266 Appendix 2 Stereum rugosum (Per
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268 References Allen MF (1991) The
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270 References Bastawde KB (1992) X
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272 References Blanchette RA, Cease
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274 References Bucur V (2003) Nonde
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276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
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278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
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280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
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282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
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284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
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286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
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288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
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290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
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292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
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294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
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296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
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298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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