6 Wood Discoloration

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References 327 Yang D-Q (2004) Isolation of staining fungi from jack pine trees. Forest Prod J 54:245–249 Yang D-Q, Beauregard R (2001) Sapstain development on jack pine logs in Eastern Canada. Wood Fiber Sci 33:412–424 Yang D-Q, Gignac M, Bisson M-C (2004a) Sawmill evaluation of a bioprotectant against moulds, stain, and decay of green lumber. Forest Prod J 54:63–66 Yang D-Q, Wang X-M, Shen J, Wan H (2004b) A rapid method for evaluating antifungal properties of various barks. Forest Prod J 54:37–39 Yao Y-J, Pegler DN, Chase MW (1999) Application of ITS (nrDNA) sequences in the phylogenetic study of Tyromyces s.l. Mycol Res 103:219–229 Yoshida S (1997) Degradation and synthesis of lignin and its related compounds by fungal ligninolytic enzymes. Wood Res 84:76–125 Zabel RA, Morrell JJ (1992) Wood microbiology. Decay and its prevention. Academic Press, San Diego Zabel RA, Wang CJK, Anagnost SE (1991) Soft-rot capabilities of the major microfungi, isolated from Douglas-fir poles in the North-East. Wood Fiber Sci 23:220–237 Zabielska-Matejuk J, Urbanik E, Pernak J (2004) New bis-quaternary and bis-imidazolium chloride wood preservatives. Holzforsch 58:292–299 Zadraˇzil F (1985) Screening of fungi for lignin decomposition and conversion of straw into feed. Angew Bot 59:433–452 Zadraˇzil F, Brunnert H (1980) The influence of ammonium nitrate supplementation on degradation and in vitro digestibility of straw colonized by higher fungi. Eur J Microbiol Biotechnol 9:37–44 Zadraˇzil F, Grabbe K (1983) Edible mushrooms. In: Rehm H-J, Reed G (eds) Biomass, vol. 3. Biotechnology. Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 145–187 Zainal AS (1976) The soft-rot fungi: the effect of lignin. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 121–127 Zaremski A, Ducousso M, Prin Y, Fouquet D (1999) Molecular characterization of wooddecaying fungi. Bois Forêts Tropiques 1999, Spec Issue, pp. 76–81 Zimmermann MH (1983) Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Zink P, Fengel D (1989) Studies on the coloring matter of blue-stain fungi. Holzforsch 43:371–374 Zoberst W (1952) Die physiologischen Bedingungen der Pigmentbildung von Merulius lacrymans domesticus Falck. Arch Mikrobiol 18:1–31 Zujest G (2003) Holzschutzleitfaden für die Praxis. Grundlagen, Maßnahmen, Sicherheit. Bauwesen, Berlin Zycha H (1964) Stand unserer Kenntnisse von der Fomes annosus-Rotfäule. Forstarch 35:1–4 Zycha H, Ahrberg H, Courtois H, Dimitri L, Liese W, Peek R-D, Rehfuess KE, Schlenker G, Schmidt-Vogt H, Schnurbein von U, Schwantes HO (1976) Der Wurzelschwamm (Fomes annosus) und die Rotfäule der Fichte (Picea abies). Suppl 36 Forstw Cbl Zycha H, Knopf H (1963) Pilzinfektion und Lagerschäden an Holz. Schweiz Z Forstwesen 9:531–537 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
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References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
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References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
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References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
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References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
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References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
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References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 634: References 315 Schröder S, Sterfin
Page 638: References 317 Seifert KA (1999) Sa
Page 642: References 319 Srebotnik E, Messner
Page 646: References 321 Terziev N, Nilsson T
Page 650: References 323 Viitanen H, Ritschko
Page 654: References 325 Wiehlmann L, Siebert
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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