6 Wood Discoloration

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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina T, Hattori T, Shimada M (2003) A role of formate dehydrogenase in the oxalate metabolism in the wood-destroying basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. <strong>Wood</strong> Res 90:7–8 Watkinson SC, Davison EM, Bramah J (1981) The effect of nitrogen availability on growth andcellulolysisbySerpula lacrimans. New Phytol 89:295–305 Wa˙zny H, Czajnik M (1963) Zum Auftreten holzzerstörender Pilze in Gebäuden in Polen (Polish). Fol Forest Polonica 5:5–17 Wa˙zny H, Wa˙zny J (1964) Über das Auftreten von Spurenelementen im Holz. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 22:299–304 Wa˙zny J, Brodziak L (1981) Daedalea quercina (L.) ex Fr. In: Cockcroft R (ed) Some wooddestroying basidiomycetes. IRG/WP, Boroko, Papua New Guinea, pp. 47–53 Wa˙zny J, Krajewski KJ (1984) Jahreszeitliche Änderungen der Dauerhaftigkeit von Kiefernholz gegenüber holzzerstörenden Pilzen. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 42:55–58 Wa˙zny J, Krajewski KJ, Thornton JD (1992) Comparative laboratory testing of strains of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Schum. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray. VI. Toxic value of CCA and NaPCP preservatives by statistical estimation. Holzforsch 46:171–174 Wa˙zny J, Thornton JD (1989a) Comparative laboratory testing of strains of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Schum. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray. V. Effect on compression strength of untreated and treated wood. Holzforsch 43:351–354 Wa˙zny J, Thornton JD (1989b) Comparative laboratory testing of strains of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans (Schum. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray. IV. The action of CCA and NaPCP in an agar-block test. Holzforsch 43:231–233 Wa˙zny J, Thornton JD (1992) Computer-assisted numerical clustering analysis of various strains of Serpula lacrymans. IRG/WP/5383 Wehmer C (1915) Experimentelle Hausschwammstudien. Beitr Kenntn einheim Pilze 3, Fischer, Jena Weigl J, Ziegler H (1960) Wassergehalt und Stoffleitung bei Merulius lacrimans (Wulf.) Fr. Arch Mikrobiol 37:124–133 Weindling R (1934) Studies on a lethal principle effective in the parasitic action of Trichoderma lignorum on Rhizoctonia solani and other soil fungi. Phytopath 24:1153–1179 Weiß B, Wagenführ A, Kruse K (2000) Beschreibung und Bestimmung von Bauholzpilzen. DRW Weinbrenner, Leinfelden-Echterdingen Welker M, Bruhnke M, Preussel K, Lippert K, v. Döhren H (2004) Diversity and distribution of Microcystis (Cyanobacteria) oligopeptide chemotypes from natural communities studied by single-colony mass spectrometry. Microbiol 150:1785–1796 Welzbacher C, Rapp AO (2005) Durability of different heat treated materials from industrial processes in ground contact. IRG/WP/40312 Werner D (1987) Pflanzliche und mikrobielle Symbiosen. Thieme, Stuttgart White EE, Dubetz CP, Cruickshank MG, Morrison D (1998) DNA diagnostic for Armillaria species in British Columbia: within and between species variation in the IGS-1 and IGS-2 regions. Mycologia 90:125–131 White NA, Dehal PK, Duncan JM, Williams NA, Gartland JS, Palfreyman JW, Cooke DEL (2001) Molecular analysis of intraspecific variation between building and “wild” isolates of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans and their relatedness to S. himantioides.Mycol Res 105:447–452 White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninisky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322 White-McDougall WJ, Blanchette RA, Farrell RL (1998) Biological control of blue stain fungi on Populus tremuloides using selected Ophiostoma isolates. Holzforsch 52:234–240 Whittaker RH (1969) New concepts of kingdoms of organisms. Science 163:150–160 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
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References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
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References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
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References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
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References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
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References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 634: References 315 Schröder S, Sterfin
Page 638: References 317 Seifert KA (1999) Sa
Page 642: References 319 Srebotnik E, Messner
Page 646: References 321 Terziev N, Nilsson T
Page 650: References 323 Viitanen H, Ritschko
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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