6 Wood Discoloration

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References 323 Viitanen H, Ritschkoff A-C (1991a) Brown rot decay in wooden constructions. Effect of temperature, humidity and moisture. Swed Univ Agric Sci Dept Forest Prod 222 Viitanen H, Ritschkoff A-C (1991b) Mould growth in pine and spruce sapwood in relation to air humidity and temperature. Swed Univ Agric Sci Dept Forest Prod 221 Vlosky RP, Shupe TF (2004) An exploratory study of home builder, new-home homeowner, and real estate agent perceptions and attitudes about mold. Forest Prod J 54:289–295 Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J (1993) Biographic observations on Pacific marine fungi. Mycologia 85:337–346 VosP,HogersR,BleekerM,ReijansM,vandeLeeT,HornesM,FrijtersA,PotJ,PelemanJ, Kuiper M, Zabeua M (1995) AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic acids Res 23:4407–4414 Voß A, Willeitner H (1992) Charakteristik schutzsalzbehandelter Althölzer im Hinblick auf ihre Entsorgung. 19th Holzschutztagung, Dtsch Ges Holzforsch pp. 257–266 Wadenbäck J, Clapham D, Gellerstedt G, v. Arnold S (2004) Variation in content and composition of lignin in young wood of Norway spruce. Holzforsch 58:107–115 Wagenführ A (1989) Enzymatische Rindenmodifikation zur Phenolharzsubstitution. Holztechnol 30:177–178 Wagenführ R, Steiger A (1966) Pilze auf Bauholz. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Wahlström KT, Johansson M (1992) Structural responses in bark to mechanical wounding and Armillaria ostoyae infection in seedlings of Pinus sylvestris. EurJForestPathol 22:65–76 Wakeling RN, Maynard NP, Narayan RD (1993) A study of the efficacy of antisapstain formulations containing triazole fungicides. IRG/WP/93-30021 Wälchli O (1973) Die Widerstandsfähigkeit verschiedener Holzarten gegen Angriffe durch den echten Hausschwamm (Merulius lacrimans (Wulf.) Fr.). Holz Roh-Werkstoff 31:96– 102 Wälchli O (1976) Die Widerstandsfähigkeit verschiedener Holzarten gegen Angriffe durch Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. (Kellerschwamm) und Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex. Fr.) Murrill (Balkenblättling). Holz Roh- Werkstoff 34:335–338 Wälchli O (1977) Der Temperatureinfluß auf die Holzzerstörung durch Pilze. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 35:96–102 Wälchli O (1980) Der echte Hausschwamm – Erfahrungen über Ursachen und Wirkungen seines Auftretens. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 38:169–174 Wälchli O (1982) Möglichkeiten einer biologischen Bekämpfung von Insekten und Pilzen im Holzschutz. Holz-Zbl 108:1946, 1948 Wälchli O (1991) Occurrence and control of Serpula lacrymans in Switzerland. In: Jennings DH, Bravery AF (eds) Serpula lacrymans. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 131–145 Wallace RJ, Eaton RA, Carter MA, Williams GR (1992) The identification and preservative tolerance of species aggregates of Trichoderma isolated from freshly felled timber. IRG/WP/1553 Walter M (1993) Der pH-Wert und das Vorkommen niedermolekularer Fettsäuren im Naßkern der Buche (Fagus sylvatica L.). Eur J Forest Pathol 23:1–10 Wang CJK (1990) Microfungi. In: Wang CJK, Zabel RA (eds) Identification manual for fungi from utility poles in the eastern United States. Am Type Culture Collect, Rockville, pp. 105–352 Wang CJK, Zabel RA (eds) (1990) Identification manual for fungi from utility poles in the eastern United States. Am Type Culture Collect, Rockville Ward JC, Pong WY (1980) Wetwood in trees: a timber resource problem. USDA Forest Serv Pacif Northw Forest Range Exp Stn 112 Ward JC, Zeikus JG (1980) Bacteriological, chemical and physical properties of wetwood in trees. Mitt Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch 131:133–166 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
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References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
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References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
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References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
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References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 634: References 315 Schröder S, Sterfin
Page 638: References 317 Seifert KA (1999) Sa
Page 642: References 319 Srebotnik E, Messner
Page 646: References 321 Terziev N, Nilsson T
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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