6 Wood Discoloration

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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M, Shimizu K (1992) Exo-ß-glucanases in the extracellular enzyme system of the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 38:466–474 Umezawa T (1988) Mechanisms for chemical reactions involved in lignin biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. <strong>Wood</strong> Res 75:21–79 Unger A, Schniewind AP, Unger W (2001) Conservation of wood artifacts. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Uno I, Ishikawa T (1973) Purification and identification of the fruiting inducing substances in Coprinus macrorhizus. J Bact 113:1240–1248 Upadhyay HP (1981) A monograph of the genus Ceratocystis and Ceratocystiopsis.University Georgia Press, Athens Urzúa U, Kersten PJ, Vicuña R (1998) Manganese peroxidase-dependent oxidation of glyoxylic and oxalic acids synthesized by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora produces extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:68–73 Usta I (2005) A review of the configuration of bordered pits to stimulate the fluid flow. IRG/WP/40315 Uzunović A, Webber JF (1998) Comparison of bluestain fungi grown in vitro and in freshly cut pine billets. Eur J Forest Pathol 28:323–334 Vainio EJ, Hantula J (2000) Direct analysis of wood-inhabiting fungi using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified ribosomal DNA. Mycol Res 104:927–936 Vanhoutte LT, Huys G, Cranenbrouck IS (2005) Exploring microbial ecosystems with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Belgian Co-ordinated Collect Microorganisms Newsl 17:2–4 Varma A, Hock B (eds) (1999) Mycorrhiza, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Vasiliauskas R (1999) Spread of Amylostereum areolatum and A. challetii in living stems of Picea abies. Forestry 72:95–102 Vasiliauskas R, Stenlid J (1998) Spread of S and P group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum within and among Picea abies trees in central Lithuania. Can J Forest Res 28:961–966 Venmalar D, Nagaveni HC (2005) Evaluation of copperised cashew nut shell liquid and neem oil as wood preservatives. IRG/WP/30368 Verma P, Mai C, Krause A, Militz H (2005) Studies on the resistance of DMDHEU treated wood against white-rot and brown-rot fungi. IRG/WP/10566 Vermaas HF (1996) <strong>Wood</strong>-water interaction and methods of measuring wood moisture content. Holzforsch Holzverwert 2:30–33 Verrall AF (1968) Poria incrassata rot: prevention and control in buildings. USDA Forest Serv Tech Bull 1385 Vicuña R (1988) Bacterial degradation of lignin. Enzyme Microbiol Technol 10:646–654 Vignon C, Plassard C, Mousain D, Salsac L (1986) Assay of fungal chitin and estimation of mycorrhizal infection. Physiolog Végétale 24:201–207 Vigrow A, Button D, Palfreyman JW, King B, Hegarty B (1989) Molecular studies on isolates of Serpula lacrymans. IRG/WP/1421 Vigrow A, Glancy H, Palfreyman JW, King B (1991b) The antigenic nature of Serpula lacrymans. IRG/WP/1492 Vigrow A, King B, Palfreyman JW (1991c) Studies of Serpula lacrymans mycelial antigens by Western blotting techniques. Mycol Res 95:1423–1428 Vigrow A, Palfreyman JW, King B (1991a) On the identity of certain isolates of Serpula lacrymans. Holzforsch 45:153–154 Viikari L, Buchert J, Suurnäkki A (1998) Enzymes in pulping bleaching. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 83–97 Viikari L, Ritschkoff A-C (1992) Prevention of brown-rot decay by chelators. IRG/WP/1540 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
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References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
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References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
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References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
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References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 634: References 315 Schröder S, Sterfin
Page 638: References 317 Seifert KA (1999) Sa
Page 642: References 319 Srebotnik E, Messner
Page 646: References 321 Terziev N, Nilsson T
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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