6 Wood Discoloration

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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005) Der Schuppige Porling. AFZ-DerWald 60:182–183 Schwarze FWMR, Baum S, Fink S (2000) Dual modes of degradation by Fistulina hepatica in xylem cell walls of Quercus robur. Mycol Res 104:846–852. Schwarze FWMR, Engels J (1998) Cavity formation and the exposure of peculiar structures in the secondary wall (S2) of tracheids and fibres by wood degrading basidiomycetes. Holzforsch 52:117–123 Schwarze FWMR, Engels J, Mattheck C (2004) Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Schwarze FWMR, Ferner D (2003) Die Hallimasch-Arten. AFZ-DerWald 58:121–122 Schwarze FWMR, Fink S (1998) Host and cell type affect the mode of degradation by Meripilus giganteus. New Phytol 139:721–731 Schwarze FWMR, Fink S (1999) Radial and concentric clefts in the secondary wall (S2) of Norway spruce during incipient stages of decay by Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. & Schw.: Fr.). Mater Org 33:51–64 Schwarze FWMR, Landmesser H (2000) Preferential degradation of pit membranes within tracheids by the basidiomycete Physisporinus vitreus. Holzforsch 54:461–462 Schwarze FWMR, Londsdale D, Fink S (1995a) Soft rot and multiple T-branching by the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus in ash and London plane. Mycol Res 99:813–820 Schwarze FWMR, Londsdale D, Fink S (1997) An overview of wood degradation patterns and their implications for tree hazard assessment. Arboricult J 21:1–32 Schwarze FWMR, Londsdale D, Mattheck C (1995b) Detectability of wood decay caused by Ustulina deusta in comparison with other tree-decay fungi. Eur J Forest Pathol 25:327–341 Schwarze FWMR, Spycher M (2005) Resistance of thermo-hygro-mechanically densified wood to colonisation and degradation by brown-rot fungi. Holzforsch 59:358–363 Schwerdtfeger F (1981) Die Waldkrankheiten, 4th edn. Parey, Hamburg Sealey J, Ragauskas AJ, Elder TJ (1999) Investigations into laccase-mediator-delignification of kraft pulps. Holzforsch 53:498–502 Seehann G (1969) Holzschädlingstafel: Armillaria mellea (VahlexFr.)Kummer.HolzRoh- Werkstoff 27:319–320 Seehann G (1971) Holzschädlingstafel: Baumporlinge. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 29:241–244 Seehann G (1979) Holzzerstörende Pilze an Straßen- und Parkbäumen in Hamburg. Mittlg Dtsch Dendrol Ges 71:193–221 Seehann G (1984) Monographic card on Antrodia serialis. IRG/WP/1145 Seehann G (1986) Butt rot in conifers caused by Serpula himantioides (Fr.) Karst. Eur J Forest Pathol 16:207–217 Seehann G, Hegarty BM (1988) A bibliography of the dry rot fungus, Serpula lacrymans. IRG/WP/1337 Seehann G, Liese W (1981) Lentinus lepideus (Fr. ex Fr.) Fr. In: Cockcroft R (ed) Some wood-destroying basidiomycetes. IRG/WP, Boroko, Papua New Guinea, pp. 95–109 Seehann G, Liese W, Kess B (1975) List of fungi in soft-rot tests. IRG/WP/105 Seehann G, Riebesell von M (1988) Zur Variation physiologischer und struktureller Merkmale von Hausfäulepilzen. Mater Org 23:241–257 Seeling U (2000) Ausgewählte Eigenschaften des Holzes der Fichte (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt der Fällung. Schweiz Z Forstw 151:451–458 Segmüller J, Wälchli O (1981) Serpula lacrymans (Schum. ex. Fr.) S.F. Gray. In: Cockcroft R (ed) Some wood-destroying basidiomycetes. IRG/WP, Boroko, Papua New Guinea, pp. 141–159 Séguin A, Lapointe G, Charest PJ (1998) Transgenic trees. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 287–303 Seifert E (1974) Die Ursachen von Schäden an Holzfenstern. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 32:85–89 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
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References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 634: References 315 Schröder S, Sterfin
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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