6 Wood Discoloration

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References 315 Schröder S, Sterfinger K, Kim SH, Breuil C (2000) Monitoring the potential biological control agent Cartapip TM . IRG/WP/10365 Schubert R (1991) Die Flechten (Lichenisierte Pilze). In: Benedix EH, Casper SJ, Danert S, Hübsch P, Lindner KE, Schmiedeknecht R, Senge W (eds) Urania-Pflanzenreich. Urania, Leipzig, pp. 577–606 Schultz TP, Nicholas DD, Henry WP (2005a) Efficacy of copper(II)/oxine copper wood preservative mixture after 69 months of outdoor ground-contact exposure and a proposed mechanism to explain the observed synergism. Holzforsch 59:370–373 Schultz TP, Nicholas DP, Henry WP, Pittman CU, Wipf DO, Goddell B (2005b) Review of laboratory and outdoor exposure efficacy results of organic biocide: antioxidant combinations, and initial economic analysis and discussion of proposed mechanism. <strong>Wood</strong> Fiber 37:175–184 Schultze-Dewitz G (1985) Holzschädigende Organismen in der Altbausubstanz. Bauztg 39:565–566 Schultze-Dewitz G (1990) Die Holzschädigung in der Altbausubstanz einiger brandenburgischer Kreise. Holz-Zbl 116:1131 Schulz R (2002) Inhaltsstoffe von 100 g frischen Shii-take. Champignon 427:1 Schulze B, Theden G (1948) Zur Kenntnis des Gelbrandigen Hausschwammes Merulius Pinastri (Fries) Burt 1917. Nachrichtenbl dtsch Pflanzenschutzdienst 2:1–5 Schulze S, Bahnweg G (1998) Identification of the genus Armillaria (Fr.: Fr.) Staude and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) and determination of clonal distribution of A. ostoyae-genotypes by molecular methods. Forstwiss Cbl 117:98–114 Schulze S, Bahnweg G, Möller EM, Sandermann H (1997) Identification of the genus Armillaria by specific amplification of an rDNA-ITS fragment and evaluation of genetic variation within A. ostoyae by rDNA-RFLP and RAPD analysis. Eur J Forest Pathol 27:225–239 Schulze S, Bahnweg G, Tesche M, Sandermann H (1995) Identification of European Armillaria species by restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms of ribosomal DNA. Eur J Forest Pathol 25:214–223 Schumacher J, Solger A, Leonhard S, Roloff A (2003) Zunehmendes Auftreten von Stammund Schnittholzbläue bei der Baumart Gemeine Fichte (Picea abies (L) KARST.) im Freistaat Sachsen. Allg Forst-Jagd-Ztg 174:148–156 Schumacher P, Schulz H (1992) Untersuchungen über das zunehmende Auftreten von Innenbläue an Kiefern-Schnittholz. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 50:125–134 Schütt P, Lang KJ (1980) Buchen-Rindennekrose. Waldschutzmerkblatt 1. Parey, Hamburg Schwanninger M, Hinterstoisser B, Gierlinger N, Wimmer R, Hanger J (2004) Application of Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR) to thermally modified wood Holz Roh-Werkstoff 62:483–485 Schwantes HO (1996) Biologie der Pilze. Ulmer, Stuttgart Schwantes HO, Courtois H, Ahrberg HE (1976) Ökologie und Physiologie von Fomes annosus. In: Zycha H, Ahrberg H, Courtois H et al. (eds) Der Wurzelschwamm (Fomes annosus) und die Rotfäule der Fichte (Picea abies). Suppl 36 Forstw Cbl:14–30 Schwarz WH (2003) Das Cellulosom – Eine Nano-Maschine zum Abbau von Cellulose. Naturwiss Rundsch 56:121–128 Schwarz WH (2004) Cellulose – Struktur ohne Ende. Naturwiss Rundschau 57:443–445 Schwarze F (1994) <strong>Wood</strong> rotting fungi: Fomes fomentarius (L.: Fr.) Fr. Mycologist 8:32–34 Schwarze FWMR (2001) Der Zunderschwamm. AFZ-DerWald 56:1260–1261 Schwarze FWMR (2002) Der Schwefelporling. AFZ-DerWald 57:268–269 Schwarze FWMR (2003) Der Riesenporling. AFZ-DerWald 58:94–95 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
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References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 630: References 313 Schmidt O, Liese W (
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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