6 Wood Discoloration

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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Außenbereich. In: Müller J (ed) Holzschutz im Hochbau. Fraunhofer IRB, Stuttgart, pp. 169–187 Schmidt O (1978) On the bacterial decay of the lignified cell wall. Holzforsch 32:214–215 Schmidt O (1980) Über den bakteriellen Abbau der chemisch behandelten verholzten Zellwand. Mater Org 15:207–224 Schmidt O (1985) Occurrence of microorganisms in the wood of Norway spruce trees from polluted sites. Eur J Forest Pathol 15:2–10 Schmidt O (1986) Investigations on the influence of wood-inhabiting bacteria on the pH value in trees. Eur J Forest Pathol 16:181–189 Schmidt O (1990) Biologie und Anbau des Shii-take. Champignon 350:11–32 Schmidt O (1995a) Characterization of Poria indoor brown-rot fungi. IRG/WP/10094 Schmidt O (1995b) Über die Porenhausschwämme. 20th Holzschutztagung, Dtsch Ges Holzforsch pp. 171–196 Schmidt O (2000) Molecular methods for the characterization and identification of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Holzforsch 54:221–228 Schmidt O (2003) Molekulare und physiologische Charakterisierung von Hausschwamm- Arten. Z Mykol 69:287–298 Schmidt O, Ayla C, Weißmann G (1984) Mikrobiologische Behandlung von Fichtenrinde- Heißwasserextrakten zur Herstellung von Leimharzen. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 42:287–292 Schmidt O, Bauch J (1980) Lignin in woody tissue after chemical pretreatment and bacterial attack. <strong>Wood</strong> Sci Technol 14:229–239 Schmidt O, Bauch J, Rademacher P, Göttsche-Kühn H (1986) Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen an frischem und gelagertem Holz von Bäumen aus Waldschadensgebieten und Prüfung der Pilzresistenz des frischen Holzes. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 44:319–327 Schmidt O, Butin H, Kehr R, Moreth U (2001) Bakterien in Radialrissen von Stiel-Eiche. Forstw Cbl 120:375–389 Schmidt O, Dietrichs HH (1976) Zur Aktivität von Bakterien gegenüber Holzkomponenten. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 91–102 Schmidt O, Dittberner D, Faix O (1991) ZumVerhalten einiger Bakterien und Pilze gegenüber Steinkohlenteeröl. Mater Org 26:13–30 Schmidt O, Grimm K, Moreth U (2002a) Molekulare und biologische Charakterisierung von Gloeophyllum-Arten in Gebäuden. Z Mykol 68:141–152 Schmidt O, Grimm K, Moreth U (2002b) Molecular identity of species and isolates of the Coniophora cellar fungi. Holzforsch 56:563–571 Schmidt O, Huckfeldt T (2005) Gebäudepilze. In: Müller J (ed) Holzschutz im Hochbau, Fraunhofer IRG-Verlag, Suttgart, pp. 44–72 Schmidt O, Kallow W (2005) Differentiation of indoor wood decay fungi with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Holzforsch 59:374–377 Schmidt O, Kebernik U (1986) Versuche zum Anbau des Shii-take auf Holzabfällen. Champignon 295:14–18 Schmidt O, Kebernik U (1987) Wuchsansprüche, Enzyme und Holzabbau des auf Holz wachsenden Speisepilzes “Shii-take” (Lentinus edodes) sowie einiger seiner Homo- und Dikaryonten. Mater Org 22:237–255 Schmidt O, Kebernik U (1988) A simple assay with dyed substrates to quantify cellulase and hemicellulase activity of fungi. Biotechnol Tech 2:153–158 Schmidt O, Kebernik U (1989) Characterization and identification of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Holzforsch 43:195–198 Schmidt O, Liese W (1974) Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit von Holzschutzmitteln gegenüber Bakterien. Mater Org 9:213–224 Schmidt O, Liese W (1976) Das Verhalten einiger Bakterien gegenüber Giften. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 197–209 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
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References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 626: References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Be
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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