6 Wood Discoloration

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References 311 Sallmann U (2005) Bekämpfender Holzschutz. In: Müller J (ed) Holzschutz im Hochbau. Fraunhofer IRB, Stuttgart, pp. 265–303 Samejima M, Igarashi K (2004) Recent advances of research on fungal system of cellulose degradation and related enzymes. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 50:359–367 Samson RA, Hoekstra ES (2004) Toxic moulds in indoor environments – descriptions of important species. In: Keller R, Senkpiel K, Samson RA, Hoekstra ES (eds) Erfassung biogener und chemischer Schadstoffe des Innenraumes und die Bewertung umweltbezogener Gesundheitsrisiken. Schriftenr Inst Medizin Mikrobiol Hygiene Univ Lübeck 8, pp. 409–435 Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC (2004) Introduction to food- and airborne fungi, 7th edn. Centraalbureau Schimmelcultures, Utrecht Samuel A, Miha H, Pohleven F (2003) Recycling of CCA/CCB treated wood waste through bioremediation – a review. Wood Res 48:1–11 Sandermann W, Rothkamm M (1959) Über die Bestimmung der pH-Werte von Handelshölzern und deren Bedeutung für die Praxis. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 11:433–440 Saur I, Seehann G, Liese W (1986) Zur Verblauung von Fichtenholz aus Waldschadensgebieten. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 44:329–332 Savory JG (1964) Dry rot – a re-appraisal. Rec Br Wood Preserv Assoc 1964:69–76 Savory JG (1966) Prevention of blue-stain in sawn softwoods. Suppl Timber Trades J 259:31–33 Schales M (1992) Totholz. Ein Refugium für seltene Pilzarten. Allg Forstz 47:1107–1108 Scheffer TC (1986) O2 requirementsforgrowth andsurvival ofwood-decayingandsapwoodstaining fungi. Can J Bot 64:1957–1963 Schink B, Ward JC (1984) Microaerobic and anaerobic bacterial activities involved in formation of wetwood and discoloured wood. IAWA Bull ns 5:105–109 Schink B, Ward JC, Zeikus JG (1981) Microbiology of wetwood: role of anaerobic bacterial populations in living trees. J Gen Microbiol 123:313–322 Schirp A, Farrell RL, Kreber B (2003b) Effects of New Zealand sapstaining fungi on structural integrity of unseasoned radiata pine. Holz Roh- Werkstoff 61:369–376 Schirp A, Farrell RL, Kreber B, Singh AP (2003a) Advances in understanding the ability of sapstaining fungi to produce cell wall-degrading enzymes. Wood Fiber Sci 35:434–444 Schlegel HG (1992) Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, 7th edn. Thieme, Stuttgart Schmid R, Baldermann E (1967) Elektronenoptischer Nachweis von sauren Mucopolysacchariden bei Pilzhyphen. Naturwissensch 19: 2 pp Schmid R, Liese W (1964) Über die mikromorphologischen Veränderungen der Zellwandstrukturen von Buchen- und Fichtenholz beim Abbau durch Polyporus versicolor (L.) Fr. Arch Mikrobiol 47:260–276 Schmid R, Liese W (1965) Zur Außenstruktur der Hyphen von Blaupilzen. Phytpath Z 54:275–284 Schmid R, Liese W (1966) Elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen an Hyphen von Holzpilzen. Suppl 1 Mater Org, pp. 251–261 Schmid R, Liese W (1970) Feinstruktur der Rhizomorphen von Armillaria mellea.Phytopath Z 68:221–231 Schmidt E (1993) Speisepilzforschung – edible mushroom research. Mittlg Versuchsanst Pilzanbau Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, Krefeld 16 Schmidt E, Juzwik J, Schneider B (1997c) Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of red oak logs eradicates the oak wilt fungus. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 55:315–318 Schmidt EL (1988) An overview of methyl bromide fumigation of oak logs intended for export. Proc Can Wood Preserver’s Soc, pp. 22–27 Schmidt EL, Cassens DL, Steen J (1997b) Log fumigation prevents sticker stain and enzymemediated sapwood discolorations in maple and hickory lumber. Forest Prod J 47:47–50 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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6 Wood Discoloration

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