6 Wood Discoloration

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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phenoloxidasen-Nachweis mit der Bavendamm-Reaktion im Ringschalen- Test. Zentralbl Bakt II 127:555–563 Rösch R, Liese W (1970) Ringschalen-Test mit holzzerstörenden Pilzen. I. Prüfung von Substraten für den Nachweis von Phenoloxidasen. Arch Mikrobiol 73:281–292 Rosecke J, Pietsch M, Konig WA (2000) Volatile constituents of wood-rotting basidiomycetes. Phytochem 54:747–750 Royer JC, Dewar K, Hubbes M, Horgen PA (1991) Analysis of a high-frequency transformation system for Ophiostoma ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Mol Gen Genet 225:168–176 Royse DJ (1985) Effect of spawn run time and substrate nutrition on yield and size of the shii-take mushroom. Mycologia 77:756–762 Ruddick JNR, Kundzewicz AW (1991) Bacterial movement of iron in waterlogged soil and its effect on decay in untreated wood. Mater Org 26:169–181 Rui C, Morrell JJ (1993) Production of fungal protoplasts from selected wood-degrading fungi. <strong>Wood</strong> Fiber Sci 25:61–65 Rune F, Koch AP (1992) Valid scientific names of wood decaying fungi in construction timber and their vernacular names in England, Germany, France, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. IRG/WP/1546 Rust S (2001) Baumdiagnose ohne Bohren. AFZ-DerWald 56:924–925 Rütze M, Heybroek HM (1987) Ulmensterben. Waldschutzmerkblatt 11. Parey, Hamburg Rütze M, Liese W (1980) Biologie und Bedeutung der Amerikanischen Eichenwelke. Mittlg Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch 128 Rütze M, Liese W (1983) Begasungsverfahren für Eichenstammholz mit Methylbromid gegen die amerikanische Eichenwelke. Holz-Zbl 109:1533–1535 Rütze M, Liese W (1985a) Eichenwelke. Waldschutz-Merkblatt 9. Parey, Hamburg Rütze M, Liese W (1985b) A postfumigation test (TTC) for oak logs. Holzforsch 39:327–330 Rütze M, Parameswaran N (1984) Observations on the colonization of oak wilt mats (Ceratocystis fagacearum) by Pesotum piceae. Eur J Forest Pathol 14:326–333 Rypáček V (1966) Biologie holzzerstörender Pilze. Fischer, Jena Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993) European polypores. Part 1. Synopsis Fungorum 6, Fungiflora Oslo Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1994) European polypores. Part 2. Synopsis Fungorum 7, Fungiflora Oslo Saake B, Horner S, Kruse T, Puls J, Liebert J, Heinze T (2000) Detailed investigation on the molecular structure of carboxymethyl cellulose with unusual substitution pattern by means of an enzyme-supported analysis. Macromol Chem Phys 201:1996–2002 Saake B, Kruse T, Puls J (2001) Investigations on molar mass, solubility and enzymatic fragmentation of xylans by multi-detected SEC chromatography. Bioresource Technol 80:195–204 Saarela K-E, Harju L, Lill J-O, Rajander J, Lindroos A, Heselius S-J (2002) Thick-target PIXE analysis of trace elements in wood incoming to a pulp mill. Holzforsch 56:380–387 Saddler JN, Gregg DJ (1998) Ethanol production from forest product wastes. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 183–195 Sailer M (2001) Anwendung von Pflanzenölimprägnierungen zum Schutz von Holz im Außenbereich. Doct Thesis Univ Hamburg Sailer M, Rapp AO, Leithoff H, Peek R-D (2000) Vergütung von Holz durch Anwendung einer Öl-Hitzebehandlung. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 58:15–22 Sallé A, Monclus R, Yart A, Garcia J, Romary P, Lieutier F (2005) Fungal flora associated with Ips typographus: frequency, virulence, and viability to stimulate the host defence reaction in relation to insect population levels. Can J Forest Res 35:365–373 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
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References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 622: References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwi
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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