6 Wood Discoloration

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References 309 Rinn F (1994) Bohrwiderstandsmessungen mit Resistograph-Mikrobohrungen. AFZ 49:652–654 Rishbeth J (1950) Observations on the biology of Fomes annosus, with particular reference to East Anglian pine plantations. I. The outbreak of the disease and ecological status of the fungus. Ann Bot 14:365–383 Rishbeth J (1951) Observations on the biology of Fomes annosus, with particular reference to East Anglian pine plantations. III. Natural and experimental infection of pines and some factors affecting severity of the disease. Ann Bot 58:221–247 Rishbeth J (1963) Stump protection against Fomes annosus. III. Inoculation with Peniophora gigantea. Ann Appl Biol 52:63–77 Rishbeth J (1985) Armillaria: resources and hosts. In: Moore D, Casselton LA, <strong>Wood</strong> DA, Frankland JC (eds) Developmental biology of higher fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 87–101 Rishbeth J (1991) Armillaria in ancient broadleaved woodland. Eur J Forest Pathol 21:239– 249 Ritschkoff A-C, Paajanen L, Viikari L (1990) The production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide by some brown-rot fungi. IRG/WP/1446 Ritschkoff A-C, Pere J, Buchert J, Viikari L (1992) The role of oxidation in wood degradation by brown-rot fungi. IRG/WP/1562 Ritschkoff A-C, Viikari L (1991) The production of extracellular hydrogen peroxide by brown-rot fungi. Mater Org 26:157–167 Robene-Soustrade I, Lung-Escarmant B, Bono JJ, Taris B (1992) Identification and partial characterization of an extracellular manganese-dependent peroxidase in Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria mellea. Eur J Forest Pathol 22:227–236 Robson G (1999) Hyphal cell biology. In: Oliver RP, Schweizer M (eds) Molecular fungal biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 164–184 Röder T, Koch G, Sixta H (2004) Application of confocal Raman spectroscopy for the topochemical distribution of lignin and cellulose in plant cell walls of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) compared to UV microspectrophotometry. Holzforsch 58:480–482 Rodriguez J, Ferraz A, de Mello MP (2003) Role of metals in wood biodegradation. In: Goodell B, Nicholas DB, Schultz TP (eds) <strong>Wood</strong> deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 154–174 Roffael E, Dix B, Schneider T (2002) Verleimung mit polyphenolischen Extraktstoffen. Holz-Zbl 128:68 Roffael E, Miertzsch H, Schwarz T (1992a) Pufferkapazität und pH-Wert des Splintholzsaftes der Kiefer. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 50:171 Roffael E, Miertzsch H, Schwarz T (1992b) Pufferkapazität und pH-Wert des Splintholzsafts der Fichte. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 50:260 Roffael E, Schäfer M (1998) Die Bedeutung der Extraktstoffe des Holzes in biologischer, chemischer und technologischer Hinsicht. Holz-Zbl 124:1615–1616 Rogers SO, Holdenrieder O, Sieber TN (1999) Intraspecific comparisons of Laetiporus sulphureus isolates from broadleaf and coniferous trees in Europe. Mycol Res 103:1245–1251 Rohrbach ML (1986) Biotechnologische Untersuchungen über den Shii-take (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing.) zur Fruchtkörpererzeugung. Mittlg Versuchsanst Pilzanbau Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, Krefeld, Spec Issue 4 Röhrig E (1991) Totholz im Wald. Forstl Umschau 34:259–270 Röhrig E (1996) Die Ulmen in Europa. Ökologie und epidemische Erkrankung. Forstarchiv 67:179–198 Römmelt R, Kammerbauer H, Hock B (1987) Mykorrhizierung von Fichtenstecklingen. Allg Forstz 42:695–696 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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