6 Wood Discoloration

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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (2005) Neue Verfahren und Tendenzen. In: Müller J (ed) Holzschutz im Hochbau, Fraunhofer IRG, Suttgart, pp. 331–347 Rapp AO, Peek R-D (1996) Melamine resins as preservatives – results of biological testing. IRG/WP/40061 Rättö M, Ritschkoff A-C, Viikari L (2004) Enzymatically polymerized phenolic compounds as wood preservatives. Holzforsch 58:440–445 Rattray P, McGill G, Clarke DD (1996) Antagonistic effects of a range of fungi to Serpula lacrymans. IRG/WP/10156 Rawat SPS, Khali DP, Hale MD, Breese MC (1998) Studies on the moisture adsorption behaviour of brown rot decayed and undecayed wood blocks of Pinus sylvestris using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory. Holzforsch 52:463–466 Raychaudhuri SP, Maramorosch (eds) (1996) Forest trees and palms. Diseases and control. Science Publishers, Lebanon, NH, USA Raychaudhuri SP, Mitra DK (1993) Mollicute diseases of plants. Oxford & IBH, New Dehli Rayner ADM (1993) New avenues for understanding processes of tree decay. Arboricult J 17:171–189 Rayner ADM, Boddy L (1988) Fungal decomposition of wood. Its biology and ecology. Wiley, Chichester Rayner ADM, Watling R, Frankland JC (1985) Resource relations – an overview. In: Moore D, Casselton LA, <strong>Wood</strong> DA, Frankland JC (eds) Developmental biology of higher fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–40 Reading NS, Welch KD, Aust SD (2003) Free radical reactions of wood-degrading fungi. In: Goodell B, Nicholas DB, Schultz TP (eds) <strong>Wood</strong> deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 16–31 Redfern DB, Gregory SC, Macaskill GA (1997) Inoculum concentration and the colonization of Picea sitchensis stumps by basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum.ScandJForest Res 12:41–49 Reese ET (1977) Degradation of polymeric carbohydrates by microbial enzymes. In: Loewus FA, Runeckles VC (eds) The structure, biosynthesis and degradation of wood. Plenum, New York, pp. 311–357 Reese ET, Siu RGH, Levinson HS (1950) The biological degradation of soluble cellulose derivatives and its relationship to the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis. J Bact 59:485– 497 Rehm H-J (1980) Industrielle Mikrobiologie, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Reifenstein H (2005) Gesundheitliche und umweltbezogene Aspekte bei der Anwendung von Holzschutzmitteln. In: Müller J (ed) Holzschutz im Hochbau. Fraunhofer IRB, Stuttgart, pp. 304–313 Reiß J (1997) Schimmelpilze. Lebensweise, Nutzen, Schaden, Bekämpfung, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Remadevi OK, Muthukrishnan R, Nagaveni HC, Sundararaj R, Vijayalakshmi G (2005) Durability of bamboos in India against termites and fungi and chemical treatments for its enhancement. IRG/WP/10553 Reyes-Chilpa R, Gómez-Garibay F, Moreno-Torres G, Jiménez-Estrada M, Quiroz- Vásquez RI (1998) Flavonoids and isoflavonoids with antifungal properties from Platymiscium yucatanum heartwood. Holzforsch 52:459–462 Rhatigan RG, Morrell JJ, Filip GM (1998) Toxicity of methyl bromide to four pathogenic fungi in larch heartwood. Forest Prod J 48:63–67 Richards WC (1994) An enzyme system to liberate spore and mycelial protoplasts from a dimorphic fungal plant pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf. Physiol Molec Plant Pathol 44:311–319 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
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References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
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References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 610: References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur
Page 614: References 305 Otjen L, Blanchette
Page 618: References 307 Peylo A, Willeitner
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
Page 660: Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
Page 664: Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
Page 668: Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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6 Wood Discoloration

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