6 Wood Discoloration

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References 303 Naumann A (1995) Zur Ausbreitung des Kiefernbaumschwammes im Stamm. Forst Holz 50:315–318 Neger FW (1911) Die Rötung des frischen Erlenholzes. Z Forst Landwirtsch 9:96–105 Nelson BC, Goñi MA, Hedges JI, Blanchette RA (1995) Soft-rot fungal degradation of lignin in 2700-year-old archaeological woods. Holzforsch 49:1–10 Neubrand H (2004) Schimmelpilzschäden im Holzbau sind vermeidbar. Holz-Zbl 130:858– 859 Neumüller A, Brandstätter M (1995) Verblauung von Stammholz. Ursachen – Vorbeugung – Schutzmaßnahmen – eine Literaturübersicht. Holzforsch Holzverwert 4:68–72 Nicholas DD, Crawford D (2003) Concepts in the development of new accelerated test methods for wood decay. In: Goodell, B, Nicholas DD, Schultz TP (eds) <strong>Wood</strong> deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 288–312 Niemelä T, Korhonen K (1998) Taxonomy of the genus Heterobasidion. In: <strong>Wood</strong>ward S, Stenlid J, Karjalainen R, Hüttermann A (eds) Heterobasidion annosum. CABI, Walligford, pp. 27–33 NiemzP,BodmerH-C,KučeraLJ,RidderH-W,HabermehlA,WyssP,ZürcherE,Holdenrieder O (1998) Eignung verschiedener Diagnosemethoden zur Erkennung von Stammfäulen bei Fichte. Schweiz Z Forstwes 149:615–630 Niemz P, Bues C-T, Herrmann S (2002) Die Eignung von Schallgeschwindigkeit und Bohrwiderstand zur Beurteilung von simulierten Defekten in Fichtenholz. Schweiz Z Forstwes 153: 201–209 Niemz P, Kučera LJ (1999) Eindringtiefe bei verschiedenen Holzarten nach Pilodyn. Holz- Zbl. 125:351 Niemz P, Tenisch W, Kučera LJ (1999) Entwicklungen bei der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Holz. Holzforsch Holzverwert 6:101–105 Nienhaus F (1985a) Viren, Mykoplasmen und Rickettsien. Uni-Taschenbuch 1361. Ulmer, Stuttgart Nienhaus F (1985b) Infectious diseases in forest trees caused by viruses, mycoplasma-like organisms and primitive bacteria. Experientia 41:597–603 Nienhaus F (1989) Laubbaumvirosen. Waldschutz-Merkblatt 14. Parey, Hamburg Nienhaus F, Castello JD (1989) Viruses in forest trees. Ann Rev Phytopath 27:165–186 Nienhaus F, Kiewnick K (1998) Pflanzenschutz bei Ziergehölzen. Ulmer, Stuttgart Nierhaus-Wunderwald D (1994) Die Hallimasch-Arten. Biologie und vorbeugende Maßnahmen. Wald Holz 75:8–14 Nierhaus-Wunderwald D, Engesser R (2003) Ulmenwelke. Biologie, Vorbeugung und Gegenmaßnahmen, 2nd edn. Merkbl Prax 20 Niku-Paavola ML, Raaska L, Itävaara M (1990) Detection of white-rot fungi by a non-toxcic stain. Mycol Res 94:27–31 Nilsson K, Bjurman J (1990) Estimation of mycelial biomass by determination of ergosterol contentofwooddecayedbyConiophora puteana and Fomes fomentarius. MaterOrg 25:275–285 Nilsson K, Bjurman J (1998) Chitin as an indicator of the biomass of two wood-decay fungi in relation to temperature, incubation time, and media composition. Can J Microbiol 44:575–581 Nilsson T (1974) Formation of soft rot cavities in various cellulose fibres by Humicola alopallonella Meyers and Moore. Stud Forest Suec 112:1–30 Nilsson T (1976) Soft-rot fungi – decay patterns and enzyme production. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 103–112 Nilsson T, Daniel G (1992) Attempts to isolate tunnelling bacteria through physical separation from other bacteria by the use of cellophane. IRG/WP/1535 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
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References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 558: References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
Page 562: References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
Page 566: References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 602: References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A
Page 606: References 301 Wood deterioration a
Page 612: 304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
Page 616: 306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
Page 620: 308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
Page 652: 324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
Page 656: 326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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