6 Wood Discoloration

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References 299 Lombard FF (1990) A cultural study of several species of Antrodia (Polyporaceae, Aphyllophorales). Mycologia 82:185–191 Lombard FF, Chamuris GP (1990) Basidiomycetes. In: Wang CJK, Zabel RA (eds) Identification manual for fungi from utility poles in the eastern United States. Am Type Culture Collection, Rockville, pp. 21–104 Lombard FF, Gilbertson GP (1965) Studies on some western Porias with negative or weak oxidase reaction. Mycologia 57:43–76 Londsdale D (1999) Principles of tree hazard assessment and management. Forest Comm, London Lopez SE, Bertoni MD, Cabral D (1990) Fungal decay in creosote-treated Eucalyptus power transmission poles. I. Survey of the flora. Mater Org 25:287–293 Lukowsky D, Büschelberger F, Schmidt O (1999) In situ testing the influence of melamine resins on the enzymatic activity of Basidiomycetes. IRG/WP/30194 Lunderstädt J (1992) Stand der Ursachenforschung zum Buchensterben. Forstarch 63:21–24 Lunderstädt J (2002) Langzeituntersuchung zur Befallsdynamik der Buchenwollschildlaus (Cryptococcus fagisuga LIND.) und der nachfolgenden Nekrosebildung in einem Buchen-Edellaubholz-Mischbestand. Allg Forst-Jagdz. 173:193–201 Luterek J, Gianfreda L, Wojta´s-Wasilewska M, Cho NS, Rogalski J, Jascek M, Malarczyk E, Staszczak M, Fink-Boots M, Leonowicz A (1998) Activity of free and imobilized extracellular Cerrena unicolor laccase in water miscible organic solvents. Holzforsch 52:589–595 Luthardt W (1963) Myko-Holz-Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung, In: Lyr H, Gillwald W (eds) Holzzerstörung durch Pilze. Akademie Verl, Berlin, pp. 83–88 Luthardt W (1969) Holzbewohnende Pilze. Ziemsen, Wittenberg Lyr H (1958) Über den Nachweis von Oxydasen und Peroxydasen bei höheren Pilzen und die Bedeutung dieser Enzyme für die Bavendamm-Reaktion. Planta 50:359–370 Mabicka A, Dumarçay S, Gelhaye E, Gérardin P (2004) Inhibition of fungel degradation of wood by 2-hydroxy-N-oxide. Holzforsch 58:566–568 Magel EA (2000) Biochemistry and physiology of heartwood formation. In: Savidge R, Bernett J, Napier R (eds) Cell and molecular biology of wood formation. BIOS, Oxford, pp. 363–376 Mahler G (1992) Konservierung von Holz durch Schutzgas. Allg Forstz 47:1024–1025 Mahler G, Klebes J, Kessel N (1986) Beobachtungen über außergewöhnliche Holzverfärbungen bei der Rotbuche. Allg Forstz 41:328 Mahoney EM, Milgroom MG, Sinclair WA, Houston DR (1999) Origin, genetic diversity, and population structure of Nectria coccinea var. faginata in North America. Mycologia 91:583–592 Mai C, Militz H (2004) Modification of wood with silicon compounds. Treatment systems based on organic silicon compounds – a review. <strong>Wood</strong> Sci Technol 37:453–461 Maier T, Schüler G, Mahler G (1999) Ganzjährig frisches Rundholz aus dem Lager. Eine neue Konservierungsmethode für die Forst- und Holzwirtschaft. Holz-Zbl 125:1092–1094 Majcherczyk A, Braun-Lüllemann A, Hüttermann A (1990) Biofiltration of polluted air by a complex filter based on white-rot fungi growing on lignocellulosic substrates. In: Coughlan MP, Amaral Collaco MT (eds) Advances in biological treatment of lignocellulosic materials. Elsevier Appl Sci, London, pp. 323–329 Majcherczyk A, Hüttermann A (1998) Bioremediation of wood treated with preservatives using white-rot fungi. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 129–140 Mankowski ME, Ascherl FM, Manning MJ (2005) Durability of wood plastic composites relative to natural weathering and preservative treatment with zinc borate. IRG/WP/40316 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
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References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
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References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
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References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 554: References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 558: References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
Page 562: References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
Page 566: References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 590: References 293 Keyserlingk van H (1
Page 594: References 295 Korhonen K, Holdenri
Page 598: References 297 Levy JF (1966) The s
Page 604: 300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
Page 608: 302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
Page 612: 304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
Page 616: 306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
Page 620: 308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
Page 640: 318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
Page 644: 320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
Page 648: 322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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