6 Wood Discoloration

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292 References Katayama S, Watanabe T, Enoki M, Sato S, Honda Y, Kuwahara M (2000) Mn(III)-dependent breakdown of 13(s)-hydroxy-9Z, 11E-octadecadienoic acid: a key free radical reaction in lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid by manganese peroxidase. Wood Res 87:23–24 Kauserud H (2004) Widespread vegetative compatibility groups in the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Mycologia 96:232–239 Kauserud H, Högberg N, Knudsen H, Elbornes SA, Schumacher T (2004b) Molecular phylogenetics suggest a North American link between the anthropogenic dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans and its wild relative S. himantioides. Molec Ecol 13:3137–3146 Kauserud H, Schmidt O, Elfstrand M, Högberg N (2004a) Extremely low AFLP variation in the European dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans): implications for self/nonselfrecognition. Mycol Res 108:1264–1270 Kauserud H, Schumacher T (2002) Population structure of the endangered wood decay fungus Phellinus nigrolimitatus (Basidiomycota). Can J Bot 80:597–606 Kauserud H, Schumacher T (2003) Ribosomal DNA variation, recombination and inheritance in the basidiomycete Trichaptum abietinum: implications for reticulate evolution. Heredity 91:163–172 Kawchuk LM, Hutchinson LJ, Reid J (1993) Stimulation of growth, sporulation, and potential staining capability in Ceratocystiopsis falcata. Eur J Forest Pathol 23:178–181 Kehr RD, Wulf A (1993) Fungi associated with above-ground portions of declining oaks (Quercus robur) in Germany. Eur J Forest Pathol 23:18–27 Keilisch G, Bailey P, Liese W (1970) Enzymatic degradation of cellulose, cellulose derivatives and hemicelluloses in relation to the fungal decay of wood. Wood Sci Technol 4:273–283 Keller R (2002) Mikrobielle Sekundärmetabolite aus Schimmelpilzen – Nachweis und Bewertung. In: Keller R, Senkpiel K, Samson RA, Hoekstra ES (eds) Umgebungsanalyse bei gesundheitlichen Beschwerden durch mikrobielle Belastungen in Innenräumen. Schriftenr Inst Medizin Mikrobiol Hygiene Univ Lübeck 6, pp. 193–240 Keller R, Senkpiel K, Butte W (2005) MVOC-Referenzwerte in unbelasteten Wohnungen für einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 12 Monaten. In: Keller R, Senkpiel K, Samson RA, Hoekstra ES (eds) Mikrobielle allergische und toxische Verbindungen. Schriftenr Inst Medizin Mikrobiol Hygiene Univ Lübeck 9, pp. 145–161 Keller R, Senkpiel K, Samson RA, Hoekstra ES (2004) Erfassung biogener und chemischer Schadstoff des Innenraumes und die Bewertung umweltbezogener Gesundheitsrisiken. Schriftenr Inst Medizin Mikrobiol Hygiene Univ Lübeck 8 Kempe K (2003) Holzschädlinge. Vermeiden, Erkennen, Bekämpfen, 3rd edn. DRW, Leinfelden Echterdingen Kenealy WR, Jeffries TW (2003) Enzyme processes for pulp and paper: a review of recent developments. In: Goodell B, Nicholas DB, Schultz TP (eds) Wood deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 210–239 Kern V, Monzer J, Dressel K (1991) Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Fruchtkörperentwicklung von Pilzen. Heraeus Instruments 2: 2 pp Kern VD (1994) Fruchtkörperentwicklung, Gravimorphogenese und Gravitropismus des Basidiomyceten Flammulina velutipes. Doct Thesis Techn University München Kern VD, Hock B (1996) Gravitropismus bei Pilzen. Naturwiss Rundschau 49:174–180 Kerner-Gang W, Nirenberg HI (1980) Isolierung von Pilzen aus beschädigten, langfristig gelagerten Büchern. Mater Org 15:225–233 Kerner-Gang W, Schneider R (1969) Von optischen Gläsern isolierte Schimmelpilze. Mater Org 4:281–296 Kerr AJ, Goring DAI (1975) The ultrastructural arrangement of the wood cell wall. Cellul Chem Technol 9:563–573 Kerruish RM, Da Costa EWB (1963) Monocaryotization of cultures of Lenzites trabea (Pers.) Fr. and other wood-destroying basidiomycetes by chemical agents. Ann Bot 27:653–670 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
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Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
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Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
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Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 554: References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 558: References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
Page 562: References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
Page 566: References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 578: References 287 Heydeck P (1997) Kie
Page 582: References 289 Humar M, Pohleven F,
Page 586: References 291 Jürgens M (2004) MA
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
Page 600: 298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
Page 604: 300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
Page 608: 302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
Page 612: 304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
Page 616: 306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
Page 620: 308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
Page 628: 312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
Page 632: 314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
Page 636: 316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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