6 Wood Discoloration

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286 References Haustrup ACS, Green F, Clausen C, Jensen B (2005) Serpula lacrymans, the dry rot fungus and tolerance towards copper-based wood preservatives. IRG/WP/10555 Hayashi N, Tokimatsu T, Hattori T, Shimada M (2000) An enzymatic study on an oxalate producing system in relation to the glyoxylate cycle in white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. <strong>Wood</strong> Res 87:15–16 Hedley M, Meder R (1992) Bacterial brown stain on sawn timber cut from water-stored logs. IRG/WP/1532 Hegarty B (1991) Factors affecting the fruiting of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans.In: Jennings DH, Bravery AF (eds) Serpula lacrymans. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 39–53 Hegarty B, Buchwald G, Cymorek S, Willeitner H (1986) Der Echte Hausschwamm - immer noch ein Problem? Mater Org 21:87–99 Hegarty B, Schmitt U (1988) Basidiospore structure and germination of Serpula lacrymans and Coniophora puteana. IRG/WP/1340 Hegarty B, Schmitt U, Liese W (1987) Light and electronmicroscopical investigations on basidiospores of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans. Mater Org 22:179–189 Hegarty B, Seehann G (1987) Influence of natural temperature variation on fruitbody formation by Serpula lacrymans (Wulfen:Fr.) Schroet. Mater Org 22:81–86 Heijden van der MGA, Sanders IR (eds) (2002) Mycorrhizal ecology. Ecol Stud 157, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Heiniger U (1999) Der Kastanienrindenkrebs (Cryphonectria parasitica). Schadsymptome und Biologie. Merkbl Prax 22, 2nd edn. Swiss Fed Inst For Snow Landscape Res Birmensdorf, Switzerland Heiniger U (2003) Das Risiko eingeschleppter Krankheiten für die Waldbäume. Schweiz Z Forstwes 154:410–414 Heinsdorf D, Heydeck P (1998) Schäden an Kiefernstangenhölzern auf Kippsubstraten durch den Pilz Heterobasidion annosum. AFZ-DerWald 53:695–699 Heltay I (1999) “Mykotap” oder Mykofutter. Rückblick und weitere Entwicklung. Champignon 409:146 Heneen WK, Gustafsson M, Brismar K, Karlsson G (1994b) Interactions between Norway spruce (Picea abies) andHeterobasidion annosum. II. Infection of woody roots. Can J Bot 72:884–889 Heneen WK, Gustafsson M, Karlsson G, Brismar K (1994a) Interactions between Norway spruce (Picea abies) andHeterobasidion annosum. I. Infection of nonsuberized and young suberized roots. Can J Bot 72:872–883 Henningsson B (1967) The physiology, inter-relationship and effects on the wood of fungi which attack birch and aspen pulpwood. Swed Univ Agric Sci Dept Forest Prod Res Note 19 Henningsson BH, Henningsson M, Nilsson T (1972) Defibration of wood by a white-rot fungus. Roy Coll For Stockholm, Res Note 78 Henry WP (2003) Non-enzymatic iron, manganese, and copper chemistry of potential importanceinwooddecay.In:GoodellB,NicholasDB,SchultzTP(eds)<strong>Wood</strong>deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 175–195 Hernández M, Hernández-Coronado MJ, Pérez MI, Revilla E, Villar JC, Ball AS, Viikari L, Arias ME (2005) Biomechanical pulping of spruce wood chips with Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 and handsheet characterization. Holzforsch 59:173–177 Herrick FW, Hergert HL (1977) Utilization of chemicals from wood: retrospect and prospect. In: Loewus FA, Runeckles VC (eds) The structure, biosynthesis and degradation of wood. Plenum, New York, pp. 443–515 Heybroek HM (1982) Der stille Tod der Ulmen. Umschau 82:154–158 Heydeck P (1994) Krause Glucke. Wald 44:25 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
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256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
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258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 554: References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 558: References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
Page 562: References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
Page 566: References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 570: References 283 Glenn JK, Gold HH (1
Page 574: References 285 Haller-Brem S (2001)
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
Page 600: 298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
Page 604: 300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
Page 608: 302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
Page 612: 304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
Page 616: 306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
Page 620: 308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
Page 624: 310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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