6 Wood Discoloration

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282 References Frankland JC, Hedger JN, Swift MJ (eds) (1982) Decomposer basidiomycetes: their biology and ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Frommhold D, Heydeck P (1998) Aktuelles zum Kiefernbaumschwamm im nordostdeutschen Tiefland. AFZ-DerWald 53:1328–1331 Frontz TM, Davis DD, Bunyard BA, Royse D-J (1998) Identification of Armillaria species isolated from bigtooth aspen based on rDNA RFLP analysis. Can J Forest Res 28:141–149 Frössel F (2003) Schimmelpilze und andere Innenraumbelastungen. Fraunhofer IRB, Stuttgart Furono T, Imamura Y (1998) Combination of wood and silicate, Part 6. Biological resistances of wood-mineral composites using water glass-boron compound system. Wood Sci Technol 32:161–170 Garbelotto M, Ratcliff A, Bruns TD, Cobb FW, Otrosina WJ (1996) Use of taxon-specific competitive-priming PCR to study host specifity, hybridization, and intergroup gene flow in intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum. Phytopath 86:543–551 Gardner DJ, Tascioglu C, Wålinder EP (2003) Wood composites protection. In: Goodell B, Nicholas DD, Schulz TP (eds) Wood deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Series 845. Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 399–419 Garrity GM (ed) (2001 et seq.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Gartland KMA, Gartland JS (2004) Biotechnology applied to conservation, insects and diseases. Proc For Biotechnol Latin America, Concepción, Chile, Inst For Biotechnol Raleigh, pp. 109–115 Gasch J, Pekny G, Krapfenbauer A (1991) Mykoplasmen-ähnliche Organismen und Eichensterben. MLO in den Siebröhren des Bastes erkrankter Eichen. Allg Forstz 46:500 Gersonde M (1958) Untersuchungen über die Giftempfindlichkeit verschiedener Stämme von Pilzarten der Gattungen Coniophora, Poria, Merulius und Lentinus. I.Coniophora cerebella (Pers.) Duby. Holzforsch 12:73–83 Gibbs JN (1974) Biology of Dutch elm disease. For Comm For Rec 94. Her Maj Stat Off, London Gibbs JN (1999) The biology of ophiostomatoid fungi causing sapstain in trees and freshly cut logs. In: Wingfield MJ, Seifert, KA, Webber, JF (eds) Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma, 2nd Am Phytopath Soc Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 153–160 Gibbs JN, Greig BJW, Pratt JE (2002) Fomes root rot in Thetford Forest, East Anglia: past, present and future. Forestry 75:191–202 Gibbs JN, Liese W, Pinon J (1984) Oak wilt for Europe? Outlook Agricult 13:203–208 Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L (1986, 1987) North American Polypores, 2 vol. Fungiflora, Oslo Ginns J (1978) Leucogyrophana (Aphyllophorales): identification of species. Can J Bot 56:1953–1973 Ginns J (1982) A monograph of the genus Coniophora (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycetes). Opera Botanica 61:1–61 Giovannozzi-Sermanni G, Cappelletto PL, D’Annibale A, Perani C (1997) Enzymatic pretreatments of nonwoody plants for pulp and paper production. Tappi J 80:139–144 Giron MY, Morrell JJ (1989) Interactions between microfungi isolated from fumigant-treated Douglas-fir heartwood and Poria placenta and Poria carbonica. Mater Org 24:39–49 Glancy H, Palfreyman JW (1993) Production of monoclonal antibodies to Serpula lacrymans and their application in immunodetection systems. IRG/WP/10004 Glancy H, Palfreyman JW, Button D, Bruce A, King B (1990) Use of an immunological method for the detection of Lentinus edodes in distribution poles. J Inst Wood Sci 12:59–64 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 554: References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 558: References 277 Daniel G (2003) Micr
Page 562: References 279 Duchesne LC, Hubbes
Page 566: References 281 Falck R (1927) Gutac
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
Page 600: 298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
Page 604: 300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
Page 608: 302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
Page 612: 304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
Page 616: 306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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