6 Wood Discoloration

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20 2 Biology Fig.2.13. Structure of a fruit body (apothecium) of an ascomycete predominantly consisting of haploid hyphae (thin lines,onenucleus),somedikaryotichyphae(thick lines,twonuclei) and differently matured asci within the hymenium. As-, An ascogonium and antheridium before gametangiogamy, As+ fertilized ascogonium ascus is usually tube-shaped (“tube fungi”). The non-flagellate ascospores disper after disintegration of the ascus or via different opening mechanisms. The ascospores are mono-nuclear or after further mitosis multi-nuclear. They can be septate and show similar conidia characteristics of size, shape, color and wall sculpturing. The relatively small fruit bodies (less than 1 mm in diameter) of the woodinhabiting Ascohymeniales are the spherically closed cleistothecium, the pear- Fig.2.14. Fruit body types of Ascomycetes. P perithecium, A apothecium, C cleistothecium www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
Page 6: Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
Page 10: Preface This book is the updated re
Page 14: X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
Page 18: 1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
Page 22: 2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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Page 38: 2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
Page 42: 2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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Page 72: 28 2 Biology some nuclear fusions a
Page 76: 30 2 Biology a haploid mycelium wit
Page 80: 32 2 Biology for yeasts that employ
Page 84: 34 2 Biology Fig.2.19. Protein band
Page 88: 36 2 Biology single strands at abou
Page 92: 38 2 Biology to conserved rDNA regi
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46 2 Biology Fig.2.24. MALDI-TOF ma
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48 2 Biology nant and a vowel. The
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50 2 Biology or unitunicate ascus w
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52 2 Biology The Deuteromycetes are
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54 3 Physiology wounding a tree. A
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56 3 Physiology 1987, 1991). Transl
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58 3 Physiology durability of many
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60 3 Physiology at more than 20% CO
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62 3 Physiology of the water vapor
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64 3 Physiology intermolecular cavi
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66 3 Physiology 1974). Wood fungi a
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68 3 Physiology Table 3.8. Cardinal
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70 3 Physiology more thermotolerant
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72 3 Physiology Fig.3.2. pH value r
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74 3 Physiology Antrodia vaillantii
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76 3 Physiology Fig.3.3. Fruit body
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78 3 Physiology are only valuable i
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80 3 Physiology tree fungi (“biol
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82 3 Physiology The various competi
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84 3 Physiology 1989). The soil qua
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4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation 4.1 En
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4.1 Enzymes and Low Molecular Agent
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4.1 Enzymes and Low Molecular Agent
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4.3 Degradation of Hemicelluloses 9
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4.4 Cellulose Degradation 95 4.4 Ce
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4.4 Cellulose Degradation 97 metabo
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 99 The acces
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 101 vary als
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 103 (porphyr
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 105 genes en
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4.5 Lignin Degradation 107 that oxi
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110 5 Damages by Viruses and Bacter
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120 6 Wood Discoloration The wood-d
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122 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.2. M
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124 6 Wood Discoloration bark. Pulp
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126 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.3. B
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128 6 Wood Discoloration window con
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130 6 Wood Discoloration Fig.6.4. R
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132 6 Wood Discoloration is perform
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7 Wood Rot There are three types of
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7.1 Brown Rot 137 et al. 2004), and
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7.2 White Rot 139 tarius, T. versic
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7.2 White Rot 141 Fig.7.3. Manganes
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7.3 Soft Rot 143 Fig.7.4. Soft rot.
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7.3 Soft Rot 145 Further infection
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7.4 Protection 147 (Willeitner and
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7.4 Protection 149 preservatives. I
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7.4 Protection 151 ing efficacy and
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7.4 Protection 153 fungicides and p
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7.4 Protection 155 Table 7.9 shows
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7.4 Protection 157 unpleasant smell
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7.4 Protection 159 is a mixture of
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162 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi tophtho
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164 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Table 8
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166 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Fig.8.2
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168 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi cut sec
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170 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi ins; e.
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172 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi through
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174 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi After w
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178 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi for bra
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182 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi The typ
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184 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi by Armi
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186 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi schwein
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188 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Fruit b
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190 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi (pine),
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194 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi violet
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198 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Signifi
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200 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.3.11
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202 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi inChap.
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204 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Strands
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206 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.4.5 S
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210 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi timber
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212 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.5.2 L
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214 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 8.5.2.3
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218 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Oligopo
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220 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 1985).
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224 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Occurre
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226 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi alive m
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230 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi to penc
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232 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi with it
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234 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi most im
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236 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi 1991; R
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238 9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inha
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Appendix 1 Identification Key for S
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Appendix 1 255 thesebrighttobrown;v
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Appendix 1 257 22(13,17) recognizab
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Appendix 1 259 margin; sometimes wi
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262 Appendix 2 Candida utilis (Henn
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264 Appendix 2 Memnoniella echinata
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266 Appendix 2 Stereum rugosum (Per
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268 References Allen MF (1991) The
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270 References Bastawde KB (1992) X
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272 References Blanchette RA, Cease
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274 References Bucur V (2003) Nonde
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276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
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278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
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280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
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282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
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284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
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286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
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288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
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290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
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292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
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294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
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296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
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298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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