6 Wood Discoloration

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References 277 Daniel G (2003) Microview of wood under degradation by bacteria and fungi. In: Goodell B, Nicholas DB, Schultz TP (eds) <strong>Wood</strong> deterioration and preservation. ACS Symp Ser 845, Am Chem Soc, Washington, DC, pp. 34–72 Daniel G, Bergman Ö (1997) White rot and manganese deposition in TnBTO-AAC preservative treated pine stakes from field tests. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 55:197–201 Daniel G, Nilsson T (1985) Ultrastructural and T.E.M.-EDAX studies on the degradation of CCA treated radiata pine by tunnelling bacteria. IRG/WP/1260 Daniel G, Nilsson T (1998) Developments in the study of soft rot and bacterial decay. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 37–62 Daniel G, Nilsson T, Pettersson B (1989) Intra- and extracellular localization of lignin peroxidase during degradation of solid wood and wood fragments by Phanerochaete chrysosporium by using transmission electron microscopy and immuno-gold labeling. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:871–881 Daniel G, Pettersson B, Nilsson T, Volc J (1990) Use of immunogold cytochemistry to detect Mn(II)-dependent lignin peroxidases in wood degraded by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Lentinula edodes. Can J Bot 68:920–933 Daniel G, Volc J, Kubatova E (1994) Pyranose oxidase, a major source of H2O2 during wood degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor,andOudemansiella mucida. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:2524–2532 Danko P (1994) Microwave method for the determination of wood moisture content. Drevársky Výskum 39:35–43 Dart RK, Betts WB (1991) Uses and potential of lignocelluloses. In: Betts WB (ed) Biodegradation: natural and synthetic materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg New York, pp. 201–217 Davidson RS, Campbell WA, Blaisdell DJ (1938) Differentiation of wood-decaying fungi by their reactions on gallic or tannic acid medium. J Agric Res 57:683–695 Davidson RS, Campbell WA, Blaisdell Vaughn D (1942) Fungi causing decay of living oaks in the eastern United States and their cultural identification. Tech Bull US Dept Agri Washington, DC, 785 pp Dawson BSW, Franich RA, Kroese HK, Steward D (1999) Reactivity of radia pine sapwood towards carboxylic acid anhydrides. Holzforsch 53:195–198 Dawson-Andoh BE (2002) Ergosterol content as a measure of biomass of potential biological control fungi in liquid cultures. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 60:115–117 Dawson-Andoh BE, Morrell JJ (1997) Biological protection of freshly sawn sapwood from biological discoloration. In: Prevention of discoloration in hardwoods and softwood logs and lumber. Forest Prod Soc Publ, Madison, pp. 3–9 Decker RFH, Lindner WA (1979) Bioutilization of lignocellulosic waste materials: a review. S Afr J Sci 75:65–71 Delatour C (1991) A very simple method for long-term storage of fungal cultures. Eur J Forest Pathol 21:444–445 Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (2005) Holzschutzmittelverzeichnis, 53rd edn. Erich Schmidt, Berlin Dhyani S, Tripathi S, Jain VK (2005) Neem leaves, a potential source for protection of hardwood against wood decaying fungus. IRG/WP/30370 Dickinson DJ (1982) The decay of commercial timbers. In: Frankland JC, Hedger JN, Swift MJ (eds) Decomposer basidiomycetes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 179– 190 Dickinson DJ, McCormack PW, Calver B (1992) Incidence of soft rot in creosoted poles. IRG/WP/1554 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
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Page 514: 254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 554: References 275 Cherfas J (1991) Dis
Page 560: 278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
Page 564: 280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
Page 568: 282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
Page 600: 298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
Page 604: 300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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