6 Wood Discoloration

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274 References Bucur V (2003) Nondestructive characterization and imaging of wood. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Bues CT (1993) Qualität von beregnetem Fichtenholz nach Auslagerung und Einschnitt. Part 2. Untersuchungsergebnisse. Holz-Zbl 119:524, 526 Bues C-T, Weber A (1998) Eine neue Methode zur Rundholzlagerung. Forstwiss Cbl 117:231– 236 Bull DC (2001) The chemistry of chromated copper arsenate. II. Preservative-wood interactions. Wood Sci Technol 34:459–466 Burdsall HH (1991) Meruliporia (Poria) incrassata: Occurrence and significance in the United States as a dry rot fungus. In: Jennings DH, Bravery AF (eds) Serpula lacrymans. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 189–191 Burdsall HH, Banik M, Cook ME (1990) Serological differentiation of three species of Armillaria and Lentinula edodes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immunized chickens as a source of antibodies. Mycologia 82:415–423 Burdsall HH, Eslyn WE (1974) A new Phanerochaete with a Chrysosporium imperfect state. Mycotaxon 1:123–133 Burnett JH (1976) Fundamentals of mycology. Arnold, London Butcher JA (1975) Colonization of wood by soft-rot fungi. In: Liese W (ed) Biological transformation of wood by microorganisms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 24–38 Butin H (1995) Tree diseases and disorders. Causes, biology and control in forest and amenity tress. Oxford University Press, Oxford Butin H, Kowalski T (1989) Schüttepilze der Kiefern. Waldschutz-Merkbl 13. Parey, Hamburg Butin H, Kowalski T (1992) Die natürliche Astreinigung und ihre biologischen Voraussetzungen. VI. Versuche zum Holzabbau durch Astreiniger-Pilze. Eur J Forest Pathol 22:174–182 Butin H, Nienhaus F, Böhmer B (1992) Farbatlas Gehölzkrankheiten. Ziersträucher und Parkbäume, 3rd edn. Ulmer, Stuttgart Butin H, Volger C (1982) Untersuchungen über die Entstehung von Stammrissen (“Frostrissen”) an Eiche. Forstw Cbl 101:295–303 Calderoni M, Sieber TN, Holdenrieder O (2003) Stereum sanguinolentum:Isitanamphithallic basidiomycete? Mycologia 95:232–238 Capretti P, Korhonen K, Mugnai L, Romagnoli C (1990) An intersterility group of Heterobasidion annosum specialized to Abies alba. Eur J Forest Pathol 20:231–240 Carmichael JW, Kendrick WB, Conners IL, Sigler L (1980) Genera of Hyphomycetes. University of Alberta Press, Edmonton Carter JC (1945) Wetwood of elms. Ill Natl Hist Surv 23:407–448 Cartwright KStG, Findlay WPK (1958) Decay of timber and its prevention, 2nd edn. His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London Celimene CC, Micales JA, Ferge L, Young RA (1999) Efficacy of pinosylvins against white-rot and brown-rot fungi. Holzforsch 53:491–497 Cerny G, Betz M (1999) Einfluß von Altpapier und Altpapieraufbereitungstechnologien auf die Verkeimungsrate von Sekundärfaserstoffen. Papier 53:V42–V45 Chang ST, Hayes H (1978) The biology and cultivation of edible mushrooms. Academic Press, New York Chase TE, Ullrich RC (1990) Genetic basis of biological species in Heterobasidion annosum: Mendelian determinants. Mycologia 82:67–72 Chatani A, Yoshida S, Honda Y, Watanabe T, Kuwahara M (1998) Reaction of manganesedependent peoxidase from Bjerkandera adusta in organic solvents. Wood Res 85:71–74 Chen Y-R, Schmidt EL, Olsen KK (1999) A biopulping fungus in compression-balled, nonsterile green pine chips enhancing kraft and refiner pulping. Wood Fiber Sci 31:376–384 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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Page 514: 254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 550: References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das
Page 556: 276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
Page 560: 278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
Page 564: 280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
Page 568: 282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
Page 600: 298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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