6 Wood Discoloration

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References 273 Braun HJ (1977) Das Rindensterben der Buche, Fagus sylvatica L., verursacht durch die Buchenwollschildlaus Cryptococcus fagi Bär. II. Ablauf der Krankheit. Eur J Forest Pathol 7:76–93 Bravery AF (1991) The strategy for eradication of Serpula lacrymans. In: Jennings DH, BraveryAF(eds)Serpula lacrymans. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 117–130 Bravery AF, Berry RW, Carey JK, Cooper DE (2003) Recognising wood rot and insect damage in buildings, 2nd edn. BRE, Watford Bravery AF, Grant C (1985) Studies on the growth of Serpula lacrymans (Schumacher ex Fr.) Gray. Mater Org 20:171–192 Brefeld O (1889) Untersuchungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Mykologie 8. Basidiomyceten III. Arthur Felix, Leipzig Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F (1981/1986/1991/1995) Pilze der Schweiz. 4 vol, Ascomyceten. Nichtblätterpilze. Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze 1. Blätterpilze 2. Mykologia, Luzern Bresinsky A, Jarosch M, Fischer M, Schönberger I, Wittmann-Bresinsky B (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within Paxillus s.l. (Basidiomycetes, Boletales): separation of a southern hemisphere genus. Plant Biol 1:327–333 Breuil C, Seifert KA (1999) Immunological detection of some ophiostomatoid fungi. In: Wingfield MJ, Seifert, KA, Webber, JF (eds) Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma, 2edn.Am Phytopath Soc Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 127–132 Breuil C, Seifert KA, Yamada J, Rossignol L, Saddler JN (1988) Quantitative estimation of fungal colonization of wood using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Can J Forest Res 18:374–377 Breyne S, Klaucke R, Wormuth EW (2000) Modifiziertes Wechseldruckverfahren (Hamburger Verfahren); Ergebnisse aus der Praxis mit der Holzart Fichte. 22nd Holzschutztagung, Dtsch Ges Holzforsch, pp. 153–166 Bricknell JM (1991) Surveying to determine the presence and extent of an attack of dry rot within buildings in the United Kingdom. In: Jennings DH, Bravery AF (eds) Serpula lacrymans. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 95–115 Bruce A (1992) Biological control of wood decay. IRG/WP/1531 Bruce A (1998) Biological control of wood decay. In: Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 250–266 Bruce A (2000) Role of VOCs and other antagonistic mechanisms in the biological control of wood deterioration fungi by Trichoderma spp. and other antagonists. Polska Akad Nauk, Drewna, Ochrona Drewna 20th Symp, pp. 17–25 Bruce A, Palfreyman JW (eds) (1998) Forest products biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London Bruce A, Verrall S, Hackett CA, Wheatley RE (2004) Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from bacteria and yeast causing inhibition of sapstain. Holzforsch 58:193–198 Bruhn JN, Wetteroff JJ, Mihail JD, Kabrick JM, Pickens JB (2000) Distribution of Armillaria species in upland Ozark Mountain forests with respect to site, overstory species composition and oak decline. Eur J Forest Pathol 30:43–60 Brunner I, Ruf M (2003) Tot oder lebendig? Die Biochemie gibt Auskunft. Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Inf. Forschungsbereich Wald 14:3–4 Bruns TD, Szaro TM, Gardes M, Cullings KW, Pan JJ, Taylor DL, Horton TR, Kretzer A, Garbelotto M, Li Y (1998) A sequence database for the identification of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes by phylogenetic analysis. Molec Ecol 7:257–272 Brush TS, Farrell RL, Ho C (1994) Biodegradation of wood extractives from southern yellow pine by Ophiostoma piliferum. Tappi J 77:155–159 Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds) (1974) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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Page 498: 9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
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Page 506: 9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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Page 514: 254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 546: References 271 Behrendt CJ, Blanche
Page 552: 274 References Bucur V (2003) Nonde
Page 556: 276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
Page 560: 278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
Page 564: 280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
Page 568: 282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
Page 596: 296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
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298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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