6 Wood Discoloration

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270 References Bastawde KB (1992) Xylan structure, microbial xylanases, and their mode of action. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 8:353–368 Bauch J (1973) Biologische Eigenschaften des Tannennaßkerns. Mittlg Bundesforschungsanst Forst-Holzwirtsch 93:213–232 Bauch J (1984) Development and characteristics of discolored wood. IAWA Bull ns 5:91–98 Bauch J (1986) Verfärbungen von Rund- und Schnittholz und Möglichkeiten für vorbeugende Schutzmaßnahmen. Holz-Zbl 112:2217–2218 Bauch J, Höll W, Endeward R (1975) Some aspects of wetwood formation in fir. Holzforsch 29:198–205 Bauch J, Hundt von H, Weißmann G, Lange W, Kubel H (1991) On the causes of yellow discolorations of oak heartwood (Quercus Sect. Robur) during drying. Holzforsch 45:79–85 Bauch J, Schmidt O, Yazaki Y, Starck M (1985) Significance of bacteria in the discoloration of Ilomba wood (Pycnanthus angolensis Exell). Holzforsch 39:249–252 Bauch J, Seehann G, Fitzner H (1976) Microspectrophotometrical investigations on lignin of decayed wood. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 141–152 Baum S (2001) Brandkrustenpilz. AFZ-DerWald 56:932–933 Baum S, Bariska M (2002) Rotstreifigkeit: Vor allem bei Fichte ein Problem. Holz-Zbl 128:1096 Bavendamm W (1928) Über das Vorkommen und den Nachweis von Oxydasen bei holzzerstörenden Pilzen. Z Pflanzenkr Pflanzensch 38:257–276 Bavendamm W (1936) Erkennen, Nachweis und Kultur der holzverfärbenden und holzzersetzenden Pilze. In: Abderhalben E (Hrsg) Handb biol Arbeitsmethod, Div XII, Part 2/II, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, 927–1134 Bavendamm W (1951a) Coniophora cerebella (Pers.) Duby. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 9:447–448 Bavendamm W (1951b) Merulius lacrimans (Wulf.) Schum. ex Fries. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 9:251–252 Bavendamm W (1952a) Lenzites abietina (Bull.) Fr. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 10:261–262 Bavendamm W (1952b) Lentinus lepideus (Buxb.) Fr. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 10:337–338 Bavendamm W (1952c) Poria vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 10:39–40 Bavendamm W (1953) Paxillus panuoides Fr. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 11:331–332 Bavendamm W (1969) Der Hausschwamm und andere Bauholzpilze. Fischer, Stuttgart Bavendamm W (1974) Die Holzschäden und ihre Verhütung. Wissenschaftl Verlagsanst, Stuttgart Bavendamm W, Reichelt H (1938) Die Abhängigkeit des Wachstums holzzersetzender Pilze vom Wassergehalt des Nährsubstrates. Arch Mikrobiol 9:486–544 Bech-Andersen J (1985) Alkaline building materials and controlled moisture conditions as causes for dry rot Serpula lacrymans growing only in houses. IRG/WP/1272 Bech-Andersen J (1987a) Production, function and neutralization of oxalic acid produced by the dry rot fungus and other brown-rot fungi. IRG/WP/1330 Bech-Andersen J (1987b) The influence of the dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) invivo on insulation materials. Mater Org 22:191–202 Bech-Andersen J (1995) The dry rot fungus and other fungi in houses. 2 vol, Hussvamp Laboratoriet Forlag, Gl. Holte, Denmark Bech-Andersen J, Andersen C (1992) Theoretical and practical experiments with eradication of the dry rot fungus by means of microwaves. IRG/WP/1577 Bech-Andersen J, Elborne SA, Goldie F, Singh J, Singh S, Walker B (1993) The True dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) found in the wild in the forests of the Himalayas. IRG/WP/10002 Bechtold R, González AE, Almendros G, Martínez MJ, Martínez AT (1993) Lignin alteration by Ganoderma australe and other white-rot fungi after solid-state fermentation of beech wood. Holzforsch 47:91–96 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
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Page 498: 9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
Page 502: 9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
Page 506: 9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
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Page 514: 254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 542: References 269 Augusta U, Rapp AO (
Page 548: 272 References Blanchette RA, Cease
Page 552: 274 References Bucur V (2003) Nonde
Page 556: 276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
Page 560: 278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
Page 564: 280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
Page 568: 282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
Page 592: 294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
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296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
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298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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