6 Wood Discoloration

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268 References Allen MF (1991) The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge Studies in Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Altaner C, Saake B, Puls J (2001) Mode of action of acetylesterases associated with endoglucanases towards water-soluble and -insoluble cellulose acetates. Cellulose 8:259–265 Amburgey TL, Schmidt EL, Sanders MG (1996) Trials of three fumigants to prevent enzyme stain in lumber cut from water-stored hardwood logs. Forest Prod J 46:54–56 Ammer U (1964) Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Holzfeuchtigkeit und Holzzerstörung durch Pilze. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 22:47–51 Anagnost SE (1998) Light microscopic diagnosis of wood decay. IAWA J 19:141–167 Anagnost SE, Smith WB (1997) Hygroscopicity of decayed wood: implications for weight loss determinations. Wood Fiber Sci 29:299–305 Anagnost SE, Worrall JJ, Wang CJK (1994) Diffuse cavity formation in soft rot of pine. Wood Sci Technol 28:199–208 Ananthapadmanabha HS, Nagaveni HC, Srinivasan VV (1992) Control of wood biodegradation by fungal metabolites. IRG/WP/1527 Ander P, Eriksson K (1975) Mekanisk massa fran förröttad flis – en inledande undersökning. Svensk Papperstidning 18:641–642 Ander P, Eriksson K-E (1976) Degradation of lignin with wildtype and mutant strains of the white-rot fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Suppl 3 Mater Org, pp. 129–140 Anderson JB, Korhonen K, Ullrich RC (1980) Relationships between European and North American biological species of Armillaria mellea. Exp Mycol 4:87–95 Anderson JB, Ullrich RC (1979) Biological species of Armillaria mellea in North America. Mycologia 71:402–414 Andersson H (1997a) Pilzfruchtkörper an 10 gleichaltrigen Fagus sylvatica-Stubben im Ölper Holz in Braunschweig. Z Mykol 63:51–62 Andersson H (1997b) Pilze (Basidiomyceten, Ascomyceten) an Fagus sylvatica-Stubben im Ölper Holz in Braunschweig (Niedersachsen) im 4. bis 7. Jahr nach dem Einschlag. Braunschw naturkdl Schr 5:479–490 Annamali P, Ishii H, Lalithakumari D, Revathi R (1995) Polymerase chain reaction and its application in fungal disease diagnosis. Z Pflanzenkrankh Pflanzensch 102:91–104 Anonymous (1992a) Das größte Lebewesen der Welt ist ein Hallimasch-Pilz in den USA. Holz-Zbl 118:1227 Anonymous (1992b) Korrektur der Zahl der Pilzarten. Naturwiss Rundschau 45:150–151 Anonymous (1996) Leben im extrem sauren Milieu. Naturwiss Rundschau 49:27–28 Anonymous (1999) Symbiose zwischen Ameisen, Pilzen und Bakterien. Naturw. Rundschau 52:362 Appel DN, Kurdyla T, Lewis R (1990) Nitidulids as vectors of the oak wilt fungus and other Ceratocystis spp. in Texas. Eur J Forest Pathol 20:412–417 Arenas CV, Giron MY, Escolano EU (1978) Microbially modified wood for pencil slats. Forpridge Digest 7:73–74 Armstrong JE, Shigo AL, Funk DT, McGinnes EA, Smith DE (1981) A macroscopic and microscopic study of compartmentalization and wound closure after mechanical wounding of black walnut trees. Wood Fiber 13:275–291 Arx von JA (1981) The genera of fungi sporulating in pure culture, 3rd edn. Cramer, Vaduz Asiegbu F, Daniel G, Johansson M (1993) Studies on the infection of Norway spruce roots by Heterobasidion annosum. Can J Bot 71:1552–1561 Aufseß von H (1976) Über die Wirkung verschiedener Antagonisten auf das Mycelwachstum von einigen Stammfäulepilzen. Mater Org 11:183–196 Aufseß von H (1986) Lagerverhalten von Stammholz aus gesunden und erkrankten Kiefern, Fichten und Buchen. Holz Roh-Werkstoff 44:325 www.taq.ir
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Olaf Schmidt Wood and Tree Fungi Bi
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Professor Dr. Olaf Schmidt Universi
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Preface This book is the updated re
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X Contents 5 Damages by Viruses and
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1 Introduction Wood is damaged by v
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2 Biology 2.1 Cytology and Morpholo
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 5 10 nm
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 7 The h
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2.1 Cytology and Morphology 9 Due t
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 11 velopme
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 13 Fig.2.6
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 21 shapedp
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 23 surface
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2.2 Growth and Spreading 25 and Ish
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2.3 Sexuality 27 the basidiospores
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2.3 Sexuality 29 Table 2.6. Pairing
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2.4 Identification 31 In addition t
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2.4 Identification 33 2.4.2 Molecul
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2.4 Identification 35 antibodies. A
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2.4 Identification 37 RAPD analysis
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2.4 Identification 39 in view of a
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2.4 Identification 41 Sequences of
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2.4 Identification 43 basidiomycete
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2.4 Identification 45 cleotide unit
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2.5 Classification 47 Fatty acid pr
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2.5 Classification 49 with about 12
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2.5 Classification 51 Table 2.12. C
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3 Physiology The wood-inhabiting fu
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3.1 Nutrients 55 conditions in the
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3.1 Nutrients 57 Al, S, and Zn were
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3.2 Air 59 Table 3.4. Energy produc
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 61 surviv
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 63 Table
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3.3 Wood Moisture Content 65 of bro
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3.4 Temperature 67 puteana, Gloeoph
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3.4 Temperature 69 mycelial growth.
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.5 pH Value and Acid Production by
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3.6 Light and Force of Gravity 75 s
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3.7 Restrictions of Physiological D
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3.8 Competition and Interactions Be
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88 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation rel
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90 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation cel
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92 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Fig
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94 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Saa
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96 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation Ear
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98 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation pro
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100 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation th
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102 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation mo
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104 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation ve
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106 4 Wood Cell Wall Degradation be
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5 5.1 Viruses Damages by Viruses an
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5.2 Bacteria 111 Gram staining divi
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5.2 Bacteria 113 doch and Campana 1
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5.2 Bacteria 115 Fig.5.3. Bacterial
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5.2 Bacteria 117 Woods from Tertiar
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6 Wood Discoloration The damage of
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6.1 Molding 121 6.1 Molding Theterm
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6.1 Molding 123 Molded wood is, how
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6.2 Blue Stain 125 There are variou
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6.2 Blue Stain 127 40 ◦ C. The mo
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6.3 Red Streaking 129 6.3 Red Strea
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6.4 Protection 131 often A. areolat
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6.4 Protection 133 Fougerousse 1985
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136 7 Wood Rot enzymatic action and
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138 7 Wood Rot Brown-rot fungi colo
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140 7 Wood Rot In the successive (s
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142 7 Wood Rot Table 7.2. Some comm
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144 7 Wood Rot enlargement of exist
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146 7 Wood Rot rine salts, which in
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148 7 Wood Rot Table 7.5. Hazard cl
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150 7 Wood Rot Fig.7.5. Kolle flask
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152 7 Wood Rot allowed for indoor a
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154 7 Wood Rot Table 7.10. Major gr
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156 7 Wood Rot 1935 from staining a
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158 7 Wood Rot type end coating of
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8 Habitat of Wood Fungi Microbial d
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8.1 Fungal Damage to Living Trees 1
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 173 d
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 175 w
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 177 t
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 179 8
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8.2 Tree Wounds and Tree Care 181 T
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 183 The
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 185 Tab
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 189 and
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 191 sin
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 193 you
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 195 Cry
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 197 A p
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8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 199 dea
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8.4 Damage to Stored Wood and Struc
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8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Ind
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9 Positive Effects of Wood-Inhabiti
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9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
Page 490: 9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
Page 494: 9.2 Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms
Page 498: 9.3 Biological Pulping 245 typicall
Page 502: 9.5 Wood Saccharification and Sulph
Page 506: 9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
Page 510: 9.7 Recent Biotechnological Process
Page 514: 254 Appendix 1 vegetative hyphae wi
Page 518: 256 Appendix 1 16∗ mycelium not o
Page 522: 258 Appendix 1 first white, then br
Page 526: Appendix 2 Fungi Mentioned in this
Page 530: Appendix 2 263 Fuligo septica Gmeli
Page 534: Appendix 2 265 Phellinus robustus (
Page 538: References Aanen DK, Kuyper TW, Hoe
Page 544: 270 References Bastawde KB (1992) X
Page 548: 272 References Blanchette RA, Cease
Page 552: 274 References Bucur V (2003) Nonde
Page 556: 276 References Cooper JI, Edwards M
Page 560: 278 References Dickinson DJ, Sorkho
Page 564: 280 References Ellis EA (1976) Brit
Page 568: 282 References Frankland JC, Hedger
Page 572: 284 References Grinda M, Kerner-Gan
Page 576: 286 References Haustrup ACS, Green
Page 580: 288 References Holdenrieder O (1982
Page 584: 290 References Jellison J, Chen Y,
Page 588: 292 References Katayama S, Watanabe
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294 References Klein-Gebbinck HW, B
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296 References Laks PE, Park CG, Ri
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298 References Liese W, Kumar S (20
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300 References Martin F, Delaruelle
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302 References Moreth U, Schmidt O
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304 References Nilsson T, Obst JR,
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306 References Payne C, Petty JA, W
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308 References Rapp AO, Müller J (
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310 References Rösch R (1972) Phen
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312 References Schmidt H (2005) Au
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314 References Schmidt O, Schmitt U
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316 References Schwarze FWMR (2005)
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318 References Siepmann R (1970) Ar
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320 References Sutter H-P (2003) Ho
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322 References Uemura S, Ishihara M
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324 References Watanabe T, Sabrina
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326 References Wohlers A, Kowol T,
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Subject Index Abiotic wood discolor
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Subject Index 331 Fruit body format
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Subject Index 333 Phylogenetic anal
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