6 Wood Discoloration

Appendix 1 255
thesebrighttobrown;vesselssolitary;vegetativehyphaepresent,however
partly rare (search)
14(13) fibers light to dark-brown, flexible or not, older strands not snow-white;
on hardwoods and softwoods
14 ∗ fibers hyaline or pale yellow, flexible; strands whitish to cream, partly
somewhat yellowing or rarely infected by molds, also ice flower-like,
flexible when dry, up to 7 mm in diameter; fibers numerous, 2–4µm
in diameter (in Antrodia xantha partly somewhat yellowish, hyphal tips
with tapering ending cell walls), narrow lumina, straight-lined, mostly
unbranched, insoluble in 3% KOH, [if dissolving, see Diplomitoporus
lindbladii (31), check rot type, if fibers missing], but in KOH swelling,
sometimes with ‘blown up’ hyphal segments; vessels not rare but in old
strands difficult to isolate, up to 25 µm in diameter, thick-walled with
middle lumen, without bars; vegetative hyphae with few clamps, 2–4 (–7)
µm in diameter, sometimes medallion clamps, often somewhat thickwalled;
surface mycelium white to cream, thin, aerial mycelium in nodraught
or under-floor areas partly some square meters large, white
to cream, later also stalactite-like growth from above; strands also in
masonry(?);probablyonlyonsoftwoods;genusAntrodia (species not
surely distinguishable on the basis of their strands/mycelia)
Antrodia vaillantii, A. sinuosa, A. xantha, A. serialis
15(10,14) vegetative hyphae with clamps; strands first cream to loam-yellow, then
brownish to ochre, up to 3 mm wide, root-like branches, similar to those
of Coniophora puteana, however not becoming black; surface mycelium
first dirty-white to yellowish, then loam-yellow, brownish to ochre, near
fruit body partly violet; vegetative hyphae refractive, (1.5−) 2.5–3–5 (−5)
µm in diameter, partly thickened; fibers indistinct, 1.5–5 µmindiameter
(often only in darker strands); vessels hyaline, sometimes with ‘blown up’
hyphal segments, up to 15 (−25) µm in diameter, without bars, but with
septa, with clamps; on and within (?) masonry and wood, often in damp
cellars; brown rot Paxillus panuoides
15 ∗ vegetative hyphae without or rarely with clamps, rarely multiple clamps
(more often at margin of fruit body, often indistinct, since branched),
2–6 (–9) µm indiameter;strandsfirstbright,thenbrowntoblack,up
to 2 mm wide, to 1 mm thick, root-like, hardly removable (not so with C.
marmorata), when removed usually fragile, partly with brighter center,
underlying wood becoming partly black; fibers pale to dark brown, 2–4
(−5) µm in diameter, somewhat thick-walled, however with relatively
broad, usually visible lumen, also branched, to be confused with vegetative
hyphae; drop-shaped, hyaline to brownish secretions (1–5 µm in
diameter) often to be found on hyphae; vessels in strands surrounded and
interwoven by fine hyphae (0.5–1.5 µm in diameter), therefore preparation
with H2SO4 and KOH solution, due to preparation irregularly formed
or distorted, up to 30 µm in diameter, thin-walled (or slightly thick-walled
with C. marmorata), without bars, but with septa; often also in masonry
etc., genus Coniophora (species not surely distinguishable on the basis of
their strands/mycelia) e.g., Coniophora puteana, C. marmorata
16(3,9) mycelium on masonry, concrete etc.; vessels possibly not visible or missing,
untypical or small; if star-shaped setae present see (25)
15
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