6 Wood Discoloration

254 Appendix 1
vegetative hyphae with clamps, 2.5–4.5 µm in diameter; strands also in
masonry; probably only on softwoods Leucogyrophana pinastri
7(5) strands with vessels (sometimes rare; search; wood fibers may be mistaken
for vessels)
8
7∗ strands without vessels 9
8(7) strands without fibers, however usually with vessels and vegetative hyphae
with clamps
10
8∗ strands with fibers, vessels and vegetative hyphae with clamps 11
9(7) strands with fibers and vegetative hyphae 16
9∗ juvenile strands only with vegetative hyphae (old strands sometimes with
vessels and fibers)
22
10(8) vessels rare, often narrowed at the septa; fibers absent or indistinct; veg- 15
etative hyphae with clamps
10∗ vessels numerous, to 21 µm in diameter, often in bundles, with septa, bars
indistinct or absent, cell wall to 1 µm thick; no fibers; vegetative hyphae
with clamps, 1–4µm in diameter, small hyphae partly with thickened
cell wall; strands indistinct, just as embedded as those of S. lacrymans,
somewhat flexible when dry, white, cream-yellow to grey, always brittle,
to 2 mm in diameter, also in masonry Leucogyrophana pulverulenta
11(8) vessels with bars (sometimes absent in very young strands), to 60 µm
in diameter, fibers straight-lined, not flexible (with aqueous or ethanol
preparation, may be flexible in KOH)
11∗ vessels without bars, but with clearly defined septa, rarely over 30 µmin
diameter; mycelium not silver grey (if molds absent), fibers flexible or not
12(11) fibers refractive, (2–) 3–5 (–6.5) µm in diameter, fibers within strands
near fruit body to 12 µm in diameter, straight-lined, septa not visible,
no clamps, thick-walled, lumina often visible; vessels at least partly numerous
(in groups), 5–60 µm indiameter,notorrarelybranched;with
bars, these up to 13 µm high; vegetative hyphae hyaline, partly yellowish,
brown when old, with large clamps, 2–4 µm in diameter, near fruit body
to 4 µm in diameter; strands white, silver-grey, greytobrown,to3cm
wide, usually with flabby mycelium in between, dry strands breaking
with clearly audible cracking (strands contaminated with molds often
not cracking any more); aerial mycelium cotton-woolly, soft, white, lightgrey
to silver-grey, with yellow, orange or violet spots (“inhibition color”),
often several square meters on walls, ceilings and floors, in the draught
collapsing fast; on hardwoods and softwoods; strands often in masonry;
(S. himantioides can be excluded, if strands thicker than 2 mm and at least
some fibers more than 4.5 µmindiameter) Serpula lacrymans
12 ∗ see before, but fibers (1.5−) 2–3.5 (−4) µm (sometimes not clearly distinguishable
from S. lacrymans); strands to 2 mm in diameter, root-like
branched and not as surrounded by thick mycelium as S. lacrymans;fruit
body to 2 mm thick Serpula himantioides
13(11) vegetative hyphae partly swelling up to 5–10 (−20) µm, fibers up to 2.5
(−3) µm, vessels up to 40 µm; mycelium white, sometimes going yellow
(if vessels swelling up: see 15)
13 ∗ vegetative hyphae not swelling, ± regular diameter, at septa sometimes
smaller; strands and aerial mycelium predominantly consisting of fibers,
12
13
22
14
www.taq.ir