6 Wood Discoloration

8.5 Damage to Structural Timber Indoors 217
tha (Domański 1972) occurs in Europe and North America on fallen stems,
branches, stumps, in greenhouses (Findlay 1967), at windows (Thörnqvist et al.
1987), on timber in swimming pools and in flat roofs (Coggins 1980). Oligoporus
placenta is rare, but widespread in Europe except for the Mediterranean.
In North America, the fungus is the most common wood decayer in ships
(Findlay 1967) and was exported to Great Britain (Coggins 1980). In North
America, O. placenta and A. serialis are common on mine timber and poles
(Gilbertson and Ryvarden 1986).
Antrodia vaillantii, Mine polypore, Broad-spored white polypore
Fruit body (Fig. 8.19f): annual, resupinate, first white, then light yellow to grey,
drying, as corky layer (to 1 cm thick) on the wood underside or above as pad;
2–4 circular-angular pores/mm hymenium, to 12 mm long; dimitic; hyaline
spores 5–7 × 3–4µm;
Strands (Fig. 8.19e): pure white, felty, 0.5–7 mm in diameter, ice flower-like,
flexiblealsoifdry;fibersnumerous,white,flexible,2–4µm thick, unsoluble
in 5% KOH; vessels not rare, to 25µm in diameter, partly with thick walls and
reduced lumen, no wall thickenings; vegetative hyphae with clamps, 2–6µm
in diameter, often also thick-walled.
Antrodia sinuosa, White polypore, Small-spored white polypore
Fruit body (Fig. 8.19g): similar to A. vaillantii, annual,resupinate,to5mm
thick; 1–3 circular-sinuous pores/mm, to 3 mm long; dimitic; hyaline spores
4−6×1−2µm;
Strands: similar to A. vaillantii.
Antrodia xantha, Yellow polypore
Fruit body (Fig. 8.19h): annual, resupinate, first yellowish, then pale, whitecream,
crusty to bracket-shaped, to 10 mm thick, 1 m wide; 3–7 circularangular
pores/mm, to 5 mm long; margin without pores; on vertical substrates
small knots, to 8 mm large, partly grown together; dimitic; hyaline spores
4−5×1−1.5µm;
Strands: similar to A. vaillantii, but partly yellow discolored, later often pale
and then undistinguishable from A. vaillantii.
Antrodia serialis, Effused tramete, Row polypore
Fruit body (Fig. 8.19i): annual to biennial, resupinate to pileate, first white to
cream-ochre, then pink-spotted, to 6 mm thick, to a few decimeters wide; 2–4
circular, partly slitted pores/mm, to 5 mm long; distinct, wavy margin; also in
rows; dimitic; hyaline spores 4−7 × 3−5µm;
Strands: not yet found.
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