6 Wood Discoloration

216 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi
Strands (Fig. 8.19d): not yet observed in buildings, strand-like structures
on wood samples in laboratory culture, rare, cream, yellowish to grey-brown,
root-like, hidden under mycelium;
Significance: The Oak polypore inhabits damp areas in kitchens, bathrooms,
WC, cellars, cow-sheds, occurs on beams, under floors, in mines, on
bridge timber, and cooling tower wood [Azobé, Bangkirai; v. Acker et al.
(1995); v. Acker and Stevens (1996)]. It produces a white-rot. Continuous high
wood moisture promotes growth (defective sanitary facilities, cooling tower
wood). The fungus is often found at beam-ends that are enclosed in damp
walls. At initial attack of softwoods, the timber surface remains often nearly
intact (“interior rot”). In laboratory culture, minimum wood moisture for
wood colonization was 21% u and for wood decay 26%. Greatest wood mass
losses occurred between 34 and 126% (Table 8.7). Moisture maximum was
256%. Temperature optimum was 28 ◦ C, and maximum was 34 ◦ C(Table3.8).
The fungus survived for 4 h in dry wood of 95 ◦ C (Huckfeldt 2003). Wood
mass losses according to EN 113 were: oak sapwood 45%, oak heartwood
23%, beech 50%, birch 60%, pine sapwood 40% (Kleist and Seehann 1999).
Assumably,thereisnospreadbystrandsfrommoisttodrywoodandno
growth through the masonry because strands were only found in vitro to date.
Thus, refurbishment only needs drying and exchange of destroyed timber. In
oaks, the fungus is often associated with the death-watch beetle, Xestobium
rufovillosum.
8.5.3.2
Indoor Polypores: Antrodia Species and Oligoporus placenta
Four Antrodia species and O. placenta may be assigned to the indoor polypore
fungi.
Occurrence: circumglobal in the coniferous forest zone, mostly on softwoods
(Findlay 1967; Domański 1972; Coggins 1980; Lombard and Chamuris
1990; Grosser 1985; Lombard 1990; Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993, 1994;
Krieglsteiner 2000; Sutter 2003);
Antrodia vaillantii occurs circumglobal in the coniferous forest zone and in
Europe widely distributed, but rather rare in Fennoscandia. It is the most frequent
fungus in British mines (Coggins 1980). Antrodia sinuosa is circumpolar
in the boreal conifer zone, widespread in Europe, North America, East Asia,
North Africa, and Australia (Domański 1972). The species was in Sweden with
1,045 damages between 1978 and 1988 with 13% portion the most common indoor
polypore (Viitanen and Ritschkoff 1991a). Antrodia serialis attacks logs
and piles, causes heart rot in standing trees and occurs widespread, also in
Himalaya and Africa (Seehann 1984; Breitenbach and Kränzlin 1986), rarely
(1.4%) in buildings (Viitanen and Ritschkoff 1991a; Coggins 1980), within
the roof area, in cellars and under corridors (Domański 1972). Antrodia xan-
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