6 Wood Discoloration

206 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi
8.4.5
Schizophyllum commune, (Common) Split-Gill
Occurrence: circumglobal, temperate to tropical, very common, predominantly
hardwoods like Fagus, Quercus, Tilia, fruit woods, bamboos, straw, tea-leaves,
coconut fibers;
Fruit body (Fig. 8.16k, l): annual, but durable, thin, small, shell-shaped
(1–5 cm), dimidiate; usually in groups, leathery-tough; upper surface: greybrown
to flesh-colored becoming white with dryness, downy-woolly; lower
surface: appearing as if gilled, hymenium covering fan-like arranged, at the
beginning grey, later violet-brown pseudolamellae, which are lengthwise split
and outwardly bent (Fig. 3.3d); hygroscopic movements of the split lamellae
by being hard and rolled up in dry weather and being again flexible and
sporulating after years of dryness when again moist; monomitic, tetrapolar
(Raper and Miles 1958); formerly eaten in Assam, Congo, Peru and Thailand,
and used as chewing gum in Hong Kong, Indonesia and Malaysia (Dirol and
Fougerousse 1981); fructification also in culture;
Significance: white rot; as wound parasite on living trees after bark fire
damage, on stumps, stored stems, frequently on beech as first colonizer; on
stored and structural timber outdoors surviving dryness and exposition to
sun by dryness resistance; in the tropics serious wood destroyer, fruit bodies
often on imported timber; in vitro only little wood decay (Schmidt and Liese
1980).
8.4.6
Trametes versicolor, Many-Zoned Polypore
Occurrence: circumglobal, very common throughout Europe, dead wood of
almost all hardwoods, particularly Fagus, alsoBetula, no attack of Quercus,
Castanea, and Robinia (Jacquiot 1981), rarely conifers, also fruit woods after
pruning;
Fruit body (Fig. 8.16m): annual, often reviviscent, hard-leathery, sessile
or effused-reflexed, pilei dimidiate-substipitate, convex or imbricate, rarely
resupinate, to 10 cm wide, often in large imbricate clusters, rarely solitary;
upper surface: hirsute to tomentose, highly variable in color, with sharply
contracted concentric zones of brown, buff, reddish or bluish colors (name!),
often green by algae; lower surface: cream-white to ochraceus-yellow, angular
to circular pores (4–5/mm); in the dark self-colored fruit bodies with totally
white hirsute upper surface; trimitic; tetrapolar;
Significance: white-rot, often with black demarcation lines (“marble rot”);
on wounded or dead standing trees, on stored stems, common on 4–6 years
old hardwood stumps; rarely on sleepers, fence posts, garden timber; on mine
timber; dryness resistance; used after World War II in the former East Germany
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