6 Wood Discoloration

198 8 Habitat of Wood Fungi
Significance: white rot in damaged roots of usually older trees, weakened
due to compressed soil, asphalting, salting, and by wounds due to building
operations or road traffic; fruit bodies indicate a heavily destroyed root system
leaving only little time to the trees for surviving; stem hardly infected. Tree
care in the urban area reduces the damage.
8.3.7
Phaeolus schweinitzii, Dye Polypore, Velvet Top Fungus
Occurrence: circumglobal, in European conifer forests north to 70 °N in Finnmark,
Norway, particularly pine, Douglas fir, also spruce and larch, rarely on
hardwoods (Ryvarden and Gilbertson 1993);
Fruit body (Fig. 8.15d): annual (late summer), easy-passing; at the stem
basis or on the soil on hidden roots; stipitate, short, central, upward more
thick, cylindrical to knotty stipe, first with spinning-top-like, later with several
tile-like caps (to 40 cm); on the cross cuts of felled trees with lateral stipe;
frequently including plant residues or small branches during ripening; upper
surface: when young orange, later yellowish-brown, old often black; yellowbrown
margin; woolly; pore surface: angular pore (1–2/mm) layer at first
orange,latergreenishtorustybrown,discolorswithpressurered-brownish;
monomitic;
Significance: brown rot, major cause of butt rot in the heartwood of old
pine and Douglas fir; frequently in conifers forests on former hardwood soils
(Schönhar1989);firstonroots andinstemwounds,laterinthe stemheartwood,
less ascending the stem (butt rot); decayed wood and laboratory cultures with
turpentine smell; saprobe on dead trees, stumps and logs for several years.
8.3.8
Phellinus pini, Ochre-Orange Hoof Polypore
Occurrence: circumglobal, widespread in northeast Europe on pine, in North
America and Asia on other conifers as well (Heydeck 1997; Frommhold and
Heydeck 1988);
Fruit body (Fig. 8.15e): perennial (to 50 years), brackets only 5–20 years
after infection near branch holes and stubs; often high at the stem of old
trees (Naumann 1995), 5–12 cm; upper surface: zonate, rough, cracked, at
first rust-brown, hirsute, later dark-brown-blackish, glabrous and encrusted;
pore surface: yellow to grey-brown with round to angular/daedaleoid pores
(1–3/mm); dimitic, bipolar;
Significance: infection of old (30–50 years) pine and larch at exposed heartwood
(branch stubs, wounds); living sapwood usually not penetrated; often
high at the stem (Hartig 1874; Liese and Schmid 1966); from deep-reaching
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