6 Wood Discoloration

8.3 Tree Rots by Macrofungi 187
and Ferner 2003; Prospero et al. 2003). The damage, Armillaria root disease
(Hartig 1874, 1882), occurs in conifers and hardwoods, particularly spruce,
pine, maple, poplar, oak, in plantations of fruit, vine, flowers, ornamentals,
and tropical cash crops (Seehann 1969; Schönhar 2002a; Schwarze and Ferner
2003). The fungi occur also on stumps, piles, etc., and even in sprinkled wood
(Metzler 1994).
Physiology: Parasite, saprobe, white rot; slow growth in the laboratory;
Characteristics: in pine and spruce, resin excretion; white, fan-like mycelial
mats and brown-black, inside white rhizomorphs (0.25–4 mm; Schmid and
Liese 1970; see Fig. 2.7) between bark and wood (Hartig 1874; Fig. 8.12a);
wood colonized by living mycelium shining in the dark; clampless;
Fig.8.12. Armillaria mellea. a Fruit
bodies and rhizomorphs (translated
from Hartig 1874); b White-rotten
stump with rhizomorphs after removing
the bark. c Fruit bodies and white
mycelial sheet beneath the bark (photo
W. Liese)
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