6 Wood Discoloration

48 2 Biology
nant and a vowel. The abbreviation should not cause confusion with other
names. Contractions by omission of letters are avoided. Sanctioned names are
indicated with “Fr.” or “Pers.” after the author of the first valid publication.
An example might be shown by Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát (Table 2.10)
(Jahn 1990). “(L.: Fr.) Pilát” means that Linné (L.) described the fungus with
the name Boletus versicolor in “Species plantarum” in 1753. Fries (Fr.) included
it as Polyporus versicolor in “Systema mycologicum” in 1821 that is the epithet
“versicolor” was protected (sanctioned). Pilát placed it in the genus Trametes in
1939. Particularly French mycologists prefer Coriolus versicolor (L.: Fr.) Quélet,
because the French author included the fungus in this genus in 1886. In the
various national colloquial languages and even within a state, different names
are used.
For the classification of fungi, there are different attempts of artificial and
natural systems. The various groups of fungi have little in common, except
the heterotrophy for carbon, that they are Eukaryotes, possess a slightly differentiated
tissue, and exhibit in at least one period of life cell walls as well as
spores as resting and distributing forms. Only for practical reasons they are
nevertheless united. Multi-kingdom systems (Whittacker 1969) consider the
polyphyletic origin of the fungi by attaching the slime fungi and “lower fungi”
totheProtistaandthe“higherfungi”totheFungi,butbreaktherebythetraditional
biological and ecological term fungus. A generally recognized fungal
classification system does not exist, and it was ironically argued that there
might be as many systems as there are systematists. Due to new knowledge,
and depending on the priority, which is attached to a certain characteristic,
taxonomic revisions occur in the classification system as well as changes of
fungal naming (names of wood fungi: e.g., Larsen and Rentmeester 1992; Rune
and Koch 1992). Current names are shown in Appendix 2. The coarse grouping
in Table 2.11 is based on Müller and Loeffler (1992).
About 2,000 described Protista group into six divisions that are independent
from each other as well as from the “higher fungi”. The “higher fungi”
Table 2.10. Naming of fungi, illustrated by Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát
L.: Linné 1753 “Species Plantarum”: Boletus versicolor
Fr.: Fries 1821 “Systema mycologicum”: Polyporus versicolor:
→ sanctioning of the epithet “versicolor”,
Pilát: Pilát 1939: placement in the genus Trametes
Synonymous especially in France:
Coriolus versicolor (L.: Fr.) Quélet (1886)
Vernacular names:
Germany: Schmetterlingsporling, Bunte Tramete,
UK: Many-zoned polypore,
France: Tramète chatoyant
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