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E-Learning is a Social Tool for E-Commerce at Tertiary Institutions 161 The following aims to incorporate technology into an established program were suggested by O’ Keefe & McGrath (2000): • To enhance students’ development of a range of generic skills. • To add to the inventory of teaching and learning methods the use of technology. • Broaden the content of the course. • Utilise conference formats and encourage students to work as peer groups. • Mass distribution of information avoiding repetitive questions. • To provide a flexible learning environment. • Greater time flexibility for learners and facilitators Advantages of E-Learning Advantages for the Learner Delivery of Information Technology education is advantageous in several ways (Marold, 2002). He noted that there is a movement from text to multimedia that delivers a richer content to the students. The delivery organization is non-linear, meaning that the content can be hyperlinked in a link by association fashion. This allows the learner to access this richer content in any order (flexibility) and at a time that is appropriate. Accessibility is universal and learners can access content when required. Changes in Information Systems development, hardware and software releases, project progress and course content are reflected immediately. There is an ease of content and schedules updates. The other advantage according to Marold (2002) is that the multimedia presentations are advancement over the written notes on the blackboard and handwritten transparencies. Being able to interact and be actively engaged in the learning process is a real advantage over simply observing the teacher’s demonstration. The access to course content is also controllable by the facilitator. If there is no interaction by the learner then no learning can take place in a technologyenhanced e-learning environment. The learner is therefore essentially responsible for the success of the learning process. There are many resources available to the learner to which they have direct access (Jackson, 2001). Advantages for the Faculty Taylor (2002) discussed benefits of technology-enhanced e-learning from a tertiary institution faculty perspective. E-learning offers the instructor the ability to greatly enhance his or her presentation by adding multimedia features. Students, who feel intimidated by others in a traditional class, will participate if they can do so using the keyboard. There is an overall learning curve with regards to technology Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
162 Parker for students as well as facilitators. E-learning improves the distribution of course materials to students. Course materials can be distributed immediately and the lengthy turnaround time is eliminated. Online communication through e-learning also encourages student inter-communication, which gives the students feedback from their peers as well their facilitators. There are quite a number of classroom management software programs available, e.g., the Cape Technikon is using WebCT. Students can receive immediate and meaningful feedback from interactive questionnaires and quizzes. Updating course materials can be done at ease and speed. Hansen, et al. (1999) supported Marold, Jackson, Taylor and O’Keefe & McGrath’s statements and identified the following promising features of e-learning which makes it attractive: • Global accessibility • Inherently multi-media oriented • Inherently interactive • Allows team and shared work • Ability to upload submitted material • Team delivery • Amalgamation to existing global resources • Integration to an organization’s information systems • Asynchronous and synchronous communication E-learning also provides clear accountability for all participants in the learning process (Gunasekaran et al., 2002). Disadvantages of E-Learning Jackson (2001) suggested that the bandwidth and browser limitations might restrict instructional methodologies and that limited bandwidth means slower performance. Time required for downloading applications due to the limited bandwidth are another negative of technology-enhanced e-learning. Student assessment and feedback is limited and it cannot easily be reordered from its original state (Marold, 2002). Learning process takes place individually and self-paced, which means that group discovery that characterizes the ideal classroom situation is lost and that the emphasis the teacher places on course content might differ from the student’s individual choice. There are also fixed costs involved with web-based course delivery. The above-mentioned authors reported that the advantages needs to be weighed against the disadvantages and the type of e-learning concept to follow are important factors with regard to the implementation of e-learning. Ways to satisfy Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.
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Acquisition Editor: Mehdi Khosrow-P
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The Economic and Social Impacts of
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About the Authors 259 Eric Cloete B
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