Agust 26-08-2020

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How to Help Your Kids Survive
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How to Help Your Kids Survive Distance Learning 36
Must Have Features for an eCommerce Website 37
Apps and tech things to do while on the road 39
Going to space is a real pain in the back 41
A Complete Guide to Implement Real-Time
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42
The best smartphones you've probably never heard of 44
Top 5 Computer Help Forums to Get Your
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dv÷‡gBjI GKwU AmvaviY wd« I‡qe †gBj
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| G Kvi‡Y w`bw`b dv÷‡g-
Bj-Gi e¨envi I RbwcÖqZv evo‡Q| Z‡e wd«
fvik‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki ¯ú¨vg wdëvi bv _vKv
Ges Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mxwgZ †÷v‡iR †¯úm
Gi `ywU eo `ye©jZv|
AvM÷ 2020 04

fvPz©qvj Iqvì©
6| weMwֻs.Kg (BigString.com)
weMw÷ªs n‡”Q 2 wMMvewvBU †÷v‡iR gZvm¤úbœ
GKwU wd« B‡gBj †mev †hwU cvmIqvW©
cÖ‡U±, cvVv‡bv †gBj¸‡jv G·cvqvi ev
GwWU Kivi myweavmn Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv
myweav cÖ`vb K‡i| Z‡e GwUi GKwU eo
Amyweav nj BbKvwgs †gBj myôzfv‡e e¨e¯’vcbv
Kiv Ges †gBj msMV‡bi e¨vcv‡i
mxgve×Zv|
7| jvfvweU (Lavabit)
I‡qe B›Uvi‡dm e¨envi K‡i A¨vK‡mm wb‡Z
cvi‡eb I‡qe †_‡K| Z‡e Gi `y‡Uv eo
`ye©jZv nj ¯ú¨vg wdëvwis-Gi myweavwU
†Kej evwYwR¨K fvim‡b cÖ`vb Kiv Ges
I‡qe B›Uvi‡d‡mi Am¤ú~Y©Zv|
8| RvcvK †gBj (Zapak Mail)
me ai‡bi evûj¨ ewR©Z GKwU mnR mij wd«
B‡gBj mvwf©m nj RvcvK †gBj| Gi eo
ˆewkó¨ nj Amxg †÷v‡iR Ge cc A¨vK‡mm|
`y GKwU e¨vKMÖvDÛ B‡g‡Ri K_v ev`
w`‡j RvcvK †gB‡j †Kv‡bv iK‡gi evowZ
Sv‡gjv †bB| Z‡e †gBj e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
msMV‡bi e¨vcv‡i GwU ZZUv ` bq|
9| nUcc (HotPOP)
nUcc Ggb wd« Ges wbf©i‡hvM¨ B‡gBj
A¨vKvD›U †`q †hwU Avcwb ccw_ª A_ev
GmGgwUwc e¨envi K‡i †h †Kv‡bv B‡gBj
†cÖvMÖvg †_‡KB e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GKvwaK B‡gBj A¨v‡Wª‡m BbKvwgs †g‡m-
R‡K diIqvW© K‡i †`evi myweav nUc‡c
Av‡Q| Z‡e G‡Z AvBg¨vc A¨vK‡mm †bB
Ges I‡qe †eRW B‡gBj †mevq †÷v‡iR
†¯úmI Kg|
10| †Kqvi2 B‡gBj (Care2 E-mail)
†Kqvi2 B‡gBj e¨envimnRZv Ges
wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi wbðqZv †`q| GB wd« B‡gBj
mvwf©mwUi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ kw³kvjx ¯ú¨vg
wdëvi Ges GwWwUs myweav| GQvov †g‡mR
mvP©, AvBg¨vc A¨vK‡mm Ges ¯§vU© †dvìv‡ii
e¨e¯’vI G‡Z Av‡Q|
GKwU `„p, wbivc` Ges e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZvi
e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb wd« I‡qe †gBj mvwf©‡mi
bvg n‡”Q jvfvweU| Avcbvi †W¯‹Uc B‡gBj
†cÖvMÖvg †_‡K POP A_ev IMAP e¨envi K‡i
A¨vK‡mm wb‡Z cvi‡eb jvfvwe‡U| A_ev
AvM÷ 2020
05

wØZxq gvÎv
K¬vDW g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U wKQz †mev
†mŠg¨ P‡Ævcva¨vq
Avcbvi e¨w³MZ ev cÖvwZôvwbK e¨env‡ii
Rb¨ Dchy³ GKwU K¬vDW †mev Luy‡R †c‡Z wK
Mj`Ng© n‡Z n‡”Q? GgbI n‡Z cv‡i,
Avcbvi eZ©gvb K¬vDW †mevi gvb wb‡q
Avcwb mš‘ó bb? †m‡ÿ‡Î Avcbvi Rvbv
`iKvi `ªæZ RbwcÖqZv jvf Kiv K‡qKwU
K¬vDW Uzj m¤^‡Ü †h¸‡jv GKvwaK K¬vDW
†mevq A¨vK‡mm †c‡Z Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨
Ki‡e|
1| IwU‡·v (Otixo)
GwU‡K ejv n‡”Q Avcbvi mKj K¬vD‡Wi Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx GKK Uzj wn‡m‡e| GB †mev
A‡bK¸‡jv K¬vDW †÷v‡iR †mev mv‡cvU© K‡i
Ges OAuth-Gi gva¨‡g Gme †mev‡K
A_ivBR Kivi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| IwU‡·v
w`‡q Avcwb Gi Wª¨¨vM-A¨vÛ-Wªc myweavi
B›Uvi‡d‡mi gva¨‡g GKvwaK mvwf©‡mi g‡a¨
dvBj mn‡R ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡ib ev mshy³
mg¯Í wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ dvBj AbymÜvb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| †cBW e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨
IwU‡·v Gi wbR¯^ I‡qe‡Wf B›Uvi‡dm Av‡Q
†hLv‡b Gi †¯úm bv‡g GKwU wdPvi Av‡Q hvi
mvvn‡h¨ bvbv ai‡bi K¬vDW †mevq dvBj‡K
Avbv‡bqv Kiv QvovB wUg †g¤^vi‡`i mv‡_
`jMZfv‡e KvR Kiv hvq| IwU‡·v
Avw&IGm, A¨vÛª‡qW Ges DB‡ÛvR 8 mg_©b
K‡i|
2| K¬vDWwdDR (Cloudfuze)
K¬vDWwdDR e¨envi K‡i GKvwaK K¬vDW
mvwf©‡mi mv‡_ †Kvjve‡ikb, mvwP©s I
†kqvwis‡qi KvR ¯^”Q‡›` Kiv m¤¢e| IwU‡·vi
gZB K¬vDWwdDRI A¨vÛª‡qW I AvBIGm
wWfvBm e¨envi K‡i I‡qe †_‡K A¨vK‡mm
†bqv hvq| Av‡Q †W¯‹Uc †_‡K e¨env‡ii
myweavI| †kqvic‡q›U 2013, WPz‡g›Uvg,
BDK¨vwjÞvm I K¬vDwWqvb-Gi gZ
G›UvicÖvBR Kb‡U›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g-Gi
Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK mv‡cvU© Av‡Q K¬vDWwd-
D‡R| ¸Mj WªvBf, e·, IqvbWªvBf,
Wªce·, myMviwm¼, AvgvRb Gmw_ª I BMbv-
BU-Gi gZ cÖ_vMZ cvewjK K¬vDW
†÷v‡iR-Gi mv‡_ wg‡jwg‡k KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i K¬vDWwdDR|
3| RwjK¬vDW (Jolicloud)
GKwUgvÎ I‡qe B›Uvi‡d‡mi gva¨‡g
A¨vK‡mm I e¨e¯’vcbv Kivi Dc‡hvMx GKwU
wd« K¬vDW †÷v‡iR g¨v‡bR‡g›U †mev n‡”Q
RwjK¬vDW| GK K¬vDW †mev †_‡K Av‡iKwU‡Z
WKz‡g›U ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii e¨vcviwU‡K †ewki
fvM e¨enviKvixB Sv‡gjvi KvR e‡j g‡b
K‡ib, G Kv‡R A‡bKUvB ¯^v”Q›`¨ wb‡q
G‡m‡Q OAuth jMBb| GwUi Kvi‡Y cÖwZwU
A¨vKvD‡›U Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e jMBb Kivi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Avi †bB| RwjK¬vD‡Wi myev‡`
wd« AbjvBb †÷v‡iR cvIqv hvq Ggb
bvbviKg K¬vDW †mevq mvBbAvc Kiv mnR
n‡q hvq| Avcwb e·, Wªce·, ¸Mj WªvBf,
wgwWqvdvqvi Ges IqvbWªvB‡fi gZ †mevq
mvBb Avc Kivi gva¨‡g m‡e©v”P 52 wMMvev-
BU cwigvY wd« †÷v‡iR myweav †c‡Z cv‡ib|
4| K¬vDWGBPwKD (cloudHQ)
K¬vDWGBPwKD n‡”Q Av‡iKwU AmvaviY
K¬vDW †mev †hwU Avcbv‡K GKvwaK K¬vDW
†÷v‡iR †mev wm¼ Kivi myweav †`q| ¸Mj
A¨vcm‡K †K›`ª K‡i ˆZwi Kiv GB K¬vDW
†mev †mjm‡dvm©, Wªce· I Gfvi‡bv‡Ui gZ
wewfbœ K¬vDW A¨vKvD›U‡K mgwš^Z K‡i|
mg¯Í K¬vDW WvUv‡K GKwUgvÎ AbymÜvb‡hvM¨
†K›`ªxq †jv‡Kk‡b e¨vK Avc Kiv nq|
†÷v‡i‡Ri †ÿ‡Î GLv‡b Av‡Q Ôwm¼ †cqvimÕ-Gi
myweav, hvi myev‡` GKvwaK K¬vDW
A¨vKvD‡›U ivLv dvBj¸‡jv‡K jK‡÷c-G
ivLv hv, hv‡Z ¸Mj WªvBf, Wªce·, Iqvb-
WªvBf, myMviwm¼ I e·-Gi gZ K¬vDW †mevi
Rb¨ mv‡cvU© Av‡Q|
5| ¸Wwm¼ †W¯‹Uc (GoodSync Desktop)
¸Wwm¼-Gi DrcwË n‡”Q GKwU kw³kvj
dvBj †iwcø‡Kkb A¨vc †_‡K †hwU GKvwaK
cieZ©x Ask-14 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
06

gv÷vidvBj
cÖhyw³i †Quvqvq we¯§qKi fwel¨r
†mŠg¨ P‡Ævcva¨vq
cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i fwel¨r MwZc_‡K cv‡ë
†`‡e, cv‡ë w`‡q‡Q Ñ Ggb K_v †Zv eûw`b
a‡iB Avgiv ï‡b AvmwQ| A¢zZ †mB
fwel¨r| we¯§qKi †mB fwel¨r| Kíbv‡KI
nvi gvbvq †mwU, hvi K_v weÁvb KíKvwnbxi
†`ŠjZ Avgiv eûw`b a‡i ï‡b AvmwQ| gRvi
K_v n‡”Q, cÖhyw³ mwZ¨mwZ¨B Avgv‡`i GK
c„w_ex‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i hvi Kv‡Q
KíKvwnbx‡K †bnvZB mvaviY g‡b n‡e|
Avm‡jB ZvB| Pvicv‡k ZvKvb| PvjK Qvov
Pj‡Q Mvwo| Avcwb K_v ej‡Qb Avi †mB
K_v †jLv n‡q hv‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii w¯Œ‡b|
GKwU †iveU G‡m Avcbv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡QÑ
m¨vi Pv Lv‡eb bvwK Kwd? bZzb GKUv
GjvKvq cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb, mv‡_ mv‡_ Avcbvi
nv‡Z _vKv †gvevB‡ji w¯Œ‡b †m GjvKvi
†i÷z‡i›U¸‡jvi bvg wVKvbv Rvwb‡q †`qv
n‡”Q| cÂvk eQi Av‡MI GUv‡K KíKvwnbx
g‡b n‡Zv bv? evR wKš‘ g‡b nq bv| cÖhyw³
†hb GLb Avgv‡`i wew¯§Z nevi
ÿgZv‡KI bó K‡i w`‡q‡Q| hZB we¯§qKi,
hZB A¢zZ NUbv †`wL, Avgiv Avi AevK nB
bv| †Kej ewj Ñ GUvB †Zv NUvi K_v!
GRb¨B †eva nq GK‡kv eQi Av‡M AjWvm
nv·wj e‡jwQ‡jb: †eªf wbD Iqvì©!
mwZ¨B, Avgiv fvM¨evb| Avgiv Ggb GK
c„w_ex‡Z emevm Ki‡Z cviwQ †hwU cÖhyw³i
bvbv Avkxe©v‡` ab¨| GK cÖhyw³ ZvwË¡K
h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb: We're privileged to
be living in a time where science
and technology can assist us,
make our lives easier and rethink
the ways we go about our daily
lives| cÖhyw³ Avgv‡`i‡K Ggb GK my›`i
c„w_ex M‡o w`‡q‡Q †hwU Avgv‡`i D¢vebx
ÿgZv‡K K‡qK ¸‡Y evwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb I A`~i fwel¨‡Z Avgiv Ggb A‡bK
bZzb D¢veb †`L‡Z cvw”Q hv Avgv‡`i
mvg‡b m¤¢vebvi `yqvi G‡Ki ci GK Ly‡j
w`‡”Q| †mB cÖhyw³ ZvwË¡K G Kvi‡YB
AvM÷ 2020
07

e‡j‡Qb: The technology we're
already exposed and accustomed
to has paved the way for us to
innovate further, and this list of
current and future technologies
certainly have the potential to
change our lives even more|
Gev‡ii gv÷vidvB‡j Avgiv GgbB wKQz
cÖhyw³i m‡½ cwiwPZn n‡ev hvi A‡bK¸‡jvi
K_v Avgiv GiB g‡a¨ Rvwb, Avevi wKQz
cÖhyw³ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv GZUvB bZzb †h †m¸‡jv
m¤^‡Ü nqZ †mfv‡e A‡b‡K Rv‡bbI bv| Kx
†mme cÖhyw³ hv Avgv‡`i mvg‡b we¯§‡qi Wvwj
wb‡q A‡cÿv Ki‡Q?
Avmyb Rvwb|
gnvk~b¨ ch©Ub
gv÷vidvBj
†¯úm Uz¨wiRg-Gi K_v nq‡Zv Avcbv‡`i
Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q bZzb e‡j g‡b bvI n‡Z
cv‡i| AvR Avgiv †hgb gyn~‡Z©i †bvwU‡m
wegv‡b †P‡c GK †`k †_‡K Av‡iK †`‡k
cvwo w`‡Z cvwi, †Kgb n‡Zv hw` GKBfv‡e
Avgiv cvwo w`‡Z cviZvg `~i `~iv‡šÍi bvbv
MÖ‡nI? B‡”Q n‡jB P‡j †h‡Z cviZvg Puv‡`
wK¤^v g½jMÖ‡n? fvwR©b M¨vjvKwUK I
†¯úmG·, GgbwK AvgvRb-Gi g‡Zv †gMv
cÖhyw³ †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv wKš‘ Avgv‡`i‡K †¯úm
Uz¨wiR‡gi ¯^v` †`qvi Rb¨ D‡V c‡o
†j‡M‡Q| Zv‡`i †Póv hw` mdj nq Zvn‡j
Avgiv B‡”Q Ki‡jB Ny‡i †eov‡Z cvie MÖn
†_‡K MÖnvšÍ‡i, hw`I G Kv‡R Avcbvi
gvwbe¨v‡Mi †Rvi _vK‡Z n‡e gvivZ¥K|
A_©vr wecyj A‡¼i UvKvi gvwjK bv n‡j GwU
Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| Z‡e AvcvZZ †QvU
AvKv‡i GwU Kivi cÖqvm wb‡q‡Q Zviv|
D`vniY¯^iƒc AvgvR‡bi eøy AwiwRb D‡`¨vM
mdj n‡j Zv‡`i wbD †kdvW© †¯úm kvU‡j
P‡i Avgiv mgỳ ªc„‡ôi 100 wK‡jvwgUvi
Dc‡i P‡j †h‡Z cvie, Zvici c¨vivï‡U
K‡i Avevi wd‡i Avm‡Z cvie c„w_ex‡Z|
GB ïiæ| †K Rv‡b, Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j
AvMvwg wek-cuwPk eQ‡ii g‡a¨B abx‡`i
Rb¨ Puv‡` hvIqvUv XvKv-wbD BqK© hvIqvi
g‡Zv n‡q `uvovq wK bv!
wfb MÖ‡n hv‡e †iveU
bvmv wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨ bvbv AvKv‡ii †iveU‡K
gnvk~‡b¨ cvVv‡bv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| cÖhyw³i AMÖMwZi
m‡½ m‡½ †¯úm †iv‡evwU·-Gi GB
gnvhvÎv Av‡iv †eMevb n‡e †m Avkv KivB
hvq| gvby‡li e`‡j †¯úm kvU‡j †iveU‡K
e¨envi Kivi bvbv myweav Av‡Q| †iveU
gvivZ¥K cÖwZKzj cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨I wU‡K
_vK‡Z cv‡i, Avi †ive‡Ui Rxebbv‡ki
†Kv‡bv Avk¼v †bB| A_P KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i
gvby‡li K‡qK ¸Y Ges fxlY `ªæZZv I
`ÿZvi mv‡_| Aw·‡Rb K‡g †Mj bvwK
Lvev‡ii Afve NUj Gme welq wb‡q Zv‡`i
wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq bv| GQvov †iveU‡`i m‡½
_v‡K bvbv iK‡gi †mÝi Ges †m¸‡jv e¨envi
K‡i Zviv bvbv iK‡gi Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i
c„w_ex‡Z cvVv‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB gvbyl
cvVv‡bvi †h SuywK †mwU †_‡K eûjvs‡k gy³
_vKv hvq †iveU‡K cvVv‡bv †M‡j| †iveU
A‡bK `ªæZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i I fzjI Kg
K‡i| G Kvi‡YB mvgv‡bi w`b¸‡jv‡Z
gnvKv‡k †iveU cvVv‡bvi cÖPjb A‡bKUvB
†e‡o hv‡e|
¯^qsPvwjZ Mvwo
†Umjvi †`Šj‡Z wb‡RB wb‡R‡K Pvjv‡Z
cv‡i Ggb Mvwo wb‡q Avgv‡`i AvMÖn w`bw`b
evo‡Q| wPšÍv Kiæb, Avcwb WªvBwfs Rv‡bb
bv, mgm¨v †bB| Avcbvi Mvwo wb‡RB Avcbv‡K
Pvwj‡q wb‡q hv‡”Q| mvg‡b KvD‡K iv¯Ív
cvi n‡Z †`L‡j _vg‡Q ev MwZ Kgv‡”Q|
Avevi Pj‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Avðh© bq?
we`ÿ rPvwjZ MvwoI wKš‘ GLb AvKQvi †`Lv
hv‡”Q cwð‡gi iv¯Ívq| Avgv‡`i †`‡kI
G¸‡jv Kgb e¨vcvi n‡Z Pjj e‡j|
we`ÿ rPvwjZ Mvwoi e¨vUvwi Av‡Mi †P‡q
†ewkw`b hv‡”Q| PvwR©s †÷kb evo‡Q (cwðgv
†`‡k), Avi †mjd WªvBwfs †UK‡bvjwRi
†cQ‡b †KvwU †KvwU Wjvi Xvjv n‡”Q| d‡j
Avcwb †hgbUv fve‡Qb Zvi †P‡q †Xi Av‡MB
GB Mvwo Avgv‡`i g‡Zv †`‡kI ev¯Í‡e iƒc
wb‡Z cv‡i| †Umjvi GLb A‡Uv cvBjU
†gv‡Wi Mvwo Av‡Q, Z‡e AvMvwg w`‡b Mvwowbg©vZv
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv cy‡ivcywifv‡e n¨vÛm wd«
Mvwo ˆZwi Ki‡e e‡j Avfvm cvIqv hv‡”Q|
†iveU cwiPviK
†iveU cwiPviK, Bs‡iwR‡Z †iveU
evUjvi-Gi m¤¢vebv ev¯Í‡e iƒcvwqZ n‡Z Lye
†ewk †`wi †bB e‡jB g‡b Kiv n‡”Q| cwð‡g
abx gvby‡liv evmvq cwiPviK iv‡Lb hviv
AvM÷ 2020
08

Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ mnKvixi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
cwiPvi‡Ki KvR wKš‘ G‡Kev‡iB iæwUb Ges
fxlY iK‡gi GK‡N‡q| G Kvi‡YB
GK‡N‡qwgc~Y© G KvR †_‡K cwiPviK‡`i
wb®‹…wZ w`‡Z AvMgb NU‡Q †iveU cwiPviK‡`i|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ †iveU f¨vKzqvg wK¬bvi
Ges ¯§vU© †nvg A¨vcøv‡qÝ wKš‘ evRv‡i G‡m
†M‡Q| GLb mgq G‡m‡Q Av‡iv eo Ges †ewk
msL¨K KvR Kivi †hvM¨ †iveU‡`i wb‡q
Avmvi| Kv‡RB cwiPviK, †kdmn evwoi
bvbv Kv‡R e¨¯Í †iveU‡`i m‡½ evm Ki‡Z
Avgv‡`i Avi Lye †ewk A‡cÿv Ki‡Z n‡e bv
e‡jB g‡b n‡”Q|
DošÍ Mvwo
gv÷vidvBj
bv, mv‡qÝ wdKk‡bi gvjgkjv bq, DošÍ
Mvwo GLb ixwZgZ ev¯ÍeZv| eûw`b a‡iB G
ai‡bi Mvwoi K_v Kíbv K‡i Avm‡Qb
weÁvbxiv, G gyn~‡Z© we‡k¦i bvbv cÖv‡šÍ bvbv
j¨ve‡iUwi‡Z G ai‡bi Mvwoi Ici M‡elYv
N‡U P‡j‡Q| Kv‡RB G ai‡bi Mvwo‡K
AvMvwg eQi `‡k‡Ki g‡a¨ D‡o †eov‡Z
†`L‡j AevK nevi wKQz †bB| G gyn~‡Z© nqZ
Gme Mvwo‡K Pvicv‡k Do‡Z` †`L‡eb bv,
Z‡e wek¦vm Kiæb, G ai‡bi Mvwo ev¯Í‡e iƒc
wb‡Z †ewk †`wi †bB| Gi g‡a¨ Devi U¨vw·
cÖ‡R±B †evanq me‡P‡q †ewk AvMÖn m„wó
Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Devi AvMvwg 2023 mv‡j
evwYwR¨Kfv‡e DošÍ Mvwo evRv‡i Avbvi
cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q| Z‡e GKwU cvBjU
†cÖvMÖv‡gi AvIZvq 2023-Gi Av‡MB DošÍ
Mvwoi bgybv Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Kivi
cwiKíbv K‡i‡Q Devi| 2016 mv‡j cÖ_g G
ai‡bi Mvwoi K_v wmwiqvmfv‡e ej‡Z ïiæ
K‡ib cÖ‡KŠkjxiv| Av‡gwiKvi Wvjv, jm
G‡Ä‡j‡m I Avwgiv‡Zi `yevB kn‡i
2020-Gi †k‡li w`‡K DošÍ Mvwoi P~ovšÍ
cixÿv ïiæ n‡e| G¸‡jv †`L‡Z n‡e †QvUL-
v‡Uv Uv‡e©v cÖc wegv‡bi g‡Zv| Z‡e G¸‡jvi
†Kv‡bv ivbI‡qi `iKvi n‡e bv|
†nwjKÞv‡ii gZB mivmwi D‡o †h‡Z
cvi‡e|
†mvjvi c¨v‡bj †UK‡bvjwR
†mvjvi c¨v‡bj cÖhyw³wU †ek A‡bKw`b n‡jv
G‡m‡Q, Z‡e Gi fwel¨r m¤¢vebv wb‡q bZzb
ai‡bi KvR wKš‘ AwZ m¤úªwZ Kiv ïiæ
n‡q‡Q| bvbvfv‡e †mvjvi c¨v‡bj‡K e¨envi
Kiv n‡”Q hv‡Z K‡i bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³‡K
cÖwZwU Kv‡R mdjfv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq|
†hgb aiæb, bZzb †mvjvi c¨v‡bj¸‡jv‡K
evwoi Qv‡`i Uvwji g‡a¨ jywK‡q ivLv hvq,
†m¸‡jv‡K Mvwoi Qv‡`i g‡a¨ XzwK‡q ivLv
hvq, †h¸‡jv Pjvi c‡_ Mvwo‡K kw³ RywM‡q
hv‡e| Gi g‡a¨B bZzb Av‡iKwU †mvjvi
c¨v‡bj cÖhyw³ n‡jv †d¬v‡Uv‡fv‡ëBK (Floatovoltaics),
†hwU b`x, Rjvavi, euva I
Ab¨vb¨ Rjvk‡q fvm‡e| fvm‡Z fvm‡ZB
GwU wecyj cwigv‡Y we`ÿ r Drcv`b Ki‡e,
Ges GRb¨ g~j¨evb f~wgi `iKvi n‡e bv|
cy‡iv e¨vcviUvB NU‡e cvwb‡Z| f~wgwfwËK
d‡Uv‡fv‡ëBK c¨v‡b‡ji Zzjbvq cvwbwfwËK
c¨v‡b‡ji `vg n‡e Kg| GQvov cvwbi Kzwjs
B‡d‡±i Kvi‡Y G¸‡jvi we`ÿ r Drcv`b
ÿgZvI n‡e gvwUwfwËK c¨v‡bj¸‡jvi †P‡q
`k kZvsk †ewk|
nvBcvi dv÷© †Uªb
†¯úm G·-Gi gvwjK Gjb gv¯‹-Gi Av‡iKwU
cÖwZôv‡bi bvg n‡”Q nvBcvijyc, hv Avgiv
A‡b‡KB Rvwb| GwU GKwU nvB w¯úW AvÛvi-
MÖvDÛ Uªv݇cvU© wm‡÷g †hwU eZ©gv‡b gvwK©b
hy³iv‡óª ˆZwi‡ I cixÿv wbixÿv Kiv n‡”Q|
me©cÖ_g nvBcvijycwfwËK nvB w¯úW †UªbwU
jm G‡Ä‡jm kni †_‡K mvb d«vwÝm‡Kv
kn‡i hv‡e| Av‡iKwU iæU hv‡e wbD BqK©
†_‡K IqvwksUb wWwm‡Z| eZ©gv‡b †Uª‡b
†h‡Z GB `~i‡Z¡ cÖvq 3 NÈv jv‡M| Gjb
gv¯‹-Gi nvB w¯úW †Uª‡b †mwU hvIqv hv‡e
gvÎ 29 wgwb‡U| G ai‡bi †Uªb †Kej
cvewjK Uªv݇cv‡U©i bq eis AvšÍR©vwZK
åg‡YiI MwZcÖK…wZ‡K cv‡ë w`‡Z cv‡i|
wPšÍv K‡i †`Lyb, eZ©gv‡b GK kni †_‡K
Av‡iK kn‡i †h‡Z hZ mgq jv‡M †mB GKB
mg‡q Avcwb P‡j †h‡Z cvi‡eb GK †`k
†_‡K Av‡iK †`‡k| PgrKvi bq?
fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU
AM‡g‡›UW wi‡qwjwU ev GAvi wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨
AmvaviY m¤¢vebvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| Gi
eqmI wKš‘ Lye GKUv Kg bq, †ek wKQzw`b
a‡iB GwU †ivgv Qwo‡q †eov‡”Q| wewfbœ
A¨v‡cI Gi e¨envi N‡U‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g
Avcbvi cwicv‡k¦©i g‡a¨ wewfbœ Z_¨‡K
†cÖvw_Z Kiv m¤¢e| Z‡e GAvi wfAvi †_‡K
Avjv`v, KviY GAvi Avcbvi mvg‡b
bvbviKg Z_¨‡K mvwR‡q †`q, Avcbv‡K
weKí GKUv `ywbqv‡Z †U‡b wb‡q hvq bv,
†hUv fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU K‡i| wewfbœ cÖwZôvb
†Póv Ki‡Q fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU I AM‡g‡›UW
wi‡qwjwU Dfq‡KB Avgv‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK
Rxe‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Kivi Rb¨| bxjbKkv ev
eøywcÖ‡›Ui `„k¨gvb Dc¯’vcbv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
†cÖvWv± †W‡fjc‡g‡›Ui †ÿ‡Î fvPz©qvj †¯‹j
g‡Wj ˆZwi Kivvmn bvbv Kv‡R fvPz©qvj
wi‡qwjwUi Kvh©Ki cÖ‡qvM ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Avkv
Kiv hvq A`~i fwel¨‡Z Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi
cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Gi Av‡iv PgrKvi I mnRvZ
AvM÷ 2020
09

cÖ‡qvM m¤¢e n‡e|
†Rðvi †eRW Kw¤úDwUs
gvBbwiwU wi‡cvU© wm‡bgvi e‡`Šj‡Z †Rðvi
†eRW Kw¤úDwUs-Gi cwiwPwZ e¨vcKfv‡e
†e‡o‡Q m‡›`n †bB, Z‡e †Rðvi ev A½fw½wfwËK
Kw¤úDwUs wKš‘ eûw`b a‡iB
Av‡jvPbvq i‡q‡Q| GQvovI Av‡iv K‡qKwU
cÖhyw³i m‡½I GwU‡K †hŠ_fv‡e e¨envi Kiv
n‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b wKš‘ GwU Avg‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK
Rxe‡bi As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i
¯§vU©‡dvb¸‡jv‡Z KZ¸‡jv †RðviwfwËK
cÖhyw³ Avgiv e¨envi Kwi †f‡e †`Lyb| Gi
m‡½ hy³ Kiæb U¨ve‡jU Avi Ab¨vb¨ ¯§vU©
wWfvBm‡K| Kv‡RB Avgiv Ggb GKwU
fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡ZB cvwi †hLv‡b
gvDm Avi wK‡ev‡W©i e¨envi Avi _vK‡e bv,
Ges Zvi cwie‡Z© fvPz©qvj GKwU †¯ú‡m
WvUv‡K wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv
†KejgvÎ wbf©i Kie Kɯ^i Avi A½fw½i
Ici|
Iq¨vi¨vej w¯Œb
gv÷vidvBj
cwiavb‡hvM¨ w¯Œb ev Iq¨vi¨vej w¯Œb wb‡q
Avjvc Av‡jvPbv A‡bK w`b a‡iB n‡”Q| G
gyn~‡Z© Aek¨ GwU mxwgZ Av‡Q †dvì ev fuvR
Kiv hvq Ggb w¯Œ‡bi g‡a¨| m¨vgmvs,
ûqvI‡qB BZ¨vw` †Kv¤úvwb †dv‡ìej w¯Œb
wb‡q Zv‡`i †gvevBj †dvb B‡Zvg‡a¨B
evRv‡i G‡b‡Q| Z‡e g‡b Kiv n‡”Q, fwel¨r
n‡e w¯Œb‡jm, gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi _vK‡e c`©v
_vK‡e bv, j¨vcUc _vK‡e, gwbUi _vK‡e
bv| G gyn~‡Z© Ggb A‡bK UvP K¨vcvej
(touch-capable) wWfvBm Av‡Q †h¸‡jv
KvR K‡i cÖ‡R±‡ii g‡Zv| Avcbvi Mv‡qi
Pvgov, †cvkvK ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mvi‡d‡mi
Ici mivmwi Qwe‡K cÖ‡ÿcY K‡i| ¯§vU©‡dvb
†U‡Ki fwel¨r Ggb n‡Z cv‡i †h, ¯§vU©‡dvb
bv‡g GKUv wWfvBmB Avi _vK‡e bv, eis
Avcwb c‡i‡Qb Ggb wKQz ev Avcbvi kix‡i
Bgcø¨v›U Kiv Av‡Q Ggb wKQz&B KvR Ki‡e
¯§vU©‡dv‡bi!
w_ªwW wcÖ‡›UW Lvevi
cÖhyw³i hZB DbœwZ †nvK, Avgiv GLbI
Ggb GKwU `ywbqvi evwm›`v n‡Z cvwiwb
†hLv‡b hv Lywk ZvB Avgiv nvIqv †_‡K ˆZwi
K‡i †dj‡Z cvwi| wKš‘ w_ªwW wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³
Avgv‡`i my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Q wb‡R‡`i
B‡”Qg‡Zv me wKQz ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z| w_ªwW
wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³i weKvk `ªæZB N‡U P‡j‡Q Ges
wewfbœ cÖwZôvb G‡ÿ‡Î bZzb bZzb D¢vebx
mÿgZvi cwiPq w`‡”Q| wd«‡R Lvevi `vevi
†bB? fwel¨‡Zi `ywbqvq GUv wb‡q `ywðšÍv
Kivi wKQz _vK‡e bv| †¯ªd wKQz †KK ev wcRv
wcÖ›U K‡i wb‡jB n‡e| ej‡Z cv‡ib, G GK
Kí‡jv‡Ki ¯^cœ †`Lv| Lvevi QvovI Ab¨vb¨
†ÿ‡Î wKš‘ w_ªwW wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³i e¨envi wb‡q
cixÿv wbixÿv Pj‡Q| wegvb ev hvbevn‡bi
bvbv Ask ˆZwi Kiv, gvby‡li A½ cÖZ¨½
ˆZwi Kiv Ñ mewKQzB w_ªwW wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³i
gva¨‡g Kivi K_v fvev n‡”Q| †hme e¯‘i
mvnv‡h¨ wcÖw›Us‡qi KvRwU Kiv n‡e †m¸‡jv
wb‡qI M‡elYv n‡q P‡j‡Q| Gi g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg n‡”Q MÖv‡dBb †hwU evZvm †_‡KI
nvjKv wKš‘ B¯úv‡Zi †P‡qI `k ¸Y †ewk
k³|
Avcbvi n‡q Lvevi AW©vi Ki‡e wd«R
w_ªwW wcÖw›Us cÖhyw³ hw` Avcbvi Kv‡Q AjxK
KíKvwnbx g‡b nq Zvn‡j Ggb GKUv
†iwd«Rv‡iU‡ii K_v fveyb‡Zv, hLbB GwU
eyS‡Z cvi‡e Lvevi †kl n‡q Avm‡Q ZLbB
Avcbvi Rb¨ Lvevi AW©vi K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡e?
GB cÖhyw³‡K hZB A¢zZ g‡b †nvK, G
ai‡bi cÖhyw³ wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨ Avwe®‹…Z
n‡q‡Q| mvg‡bi `ywbqvq (Lye †ewkw`b †bB)
GwU G‡Kev‡iB cÖvZ¨wnK GKwU cÖhyw³‡Z
cwiYZ n‡e Ges Avcbv‡K Avi wb‡R †_‡K
mycvi gv‡K©‡U wM‡q wRwbm wKb‡Z n‡e bv|
¯§vU© Uz_eªvk
GiB g‡a¨ wKš‘ evRv‡i B‡›Uwj‡R›U Uz_eªvk
G‡m †M‡Q| GwU Avcwb wKfv‡e eªvk Ki‡Qb
†mw`‡K †Lqvj iv‡L hv‡Z K‡i cÖwZevi mwVK
wbq‡g Avcwb eªvk K‡i Avcbvi `uvZ‡K
SKS‡K ivL‡Z cv‡ib| wKš‘ Ggb hw` nq †h
Avcbvi Uz_eªvk Avcbvi `uvZ gvRvi mgq
`uvZ I gy‡Li ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i
†mwU Avcbvi †Ww›U÷ mv‡n‡ei Kv‡Q cvwV‡q
†`q? Zvn‡j wKš‘ †Ww›U÷ Avi Avcbv‡K
wR‡ÁmI Ki‡e bv Avcwb `uv‡Z d¬wms K‡ib
wKbv| GQvov †mÝi e¨envi K‡iI Wv³vi
Av‡M †_‡K †R‡b e‡m _vK‡eb Avcbvi `uv‡Z
K¨vwfwU Av‡Q wKbv ev cø¨vK R‡g‡Q wKbv|
Aev¯Íe? †gv‡UB bv|
AvM÷ 2020
10

eyw×gvb Uq‡jU
¯§vU© Uq‡jUI †gv‡UB bZzb †Kv‡bv AvBwWqv
bq| Rvcvwbiv GiB g‡a¨ G wb‡q cÖPzi
M‡elYv K‡i †d‡j‡Q Ges Zviv Ggb me ¯§vU©
Uq‡jU ˆZwi K‡i e‡m Av‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z Av‡Q
bvbviKg AZ¨vaywbK my‡hvM myweav|
fwel¨‡Zi Uq‡jU¸‡jv n‡e ixwZg‡Zv
eyw×gvb| Zviv Avcbvi kixi †_‡K wbM©Z
eR¨© c`v_© †PK K‡i Avcbvi Avmbœ ev Pjgvb
Amȳ ’Zv wb‡q bvbv Z_¨ DcvË †`‡e
Wv³vi‡K| wPšÍv K‡i †`Lyb, gjvk‡qi
K¨vÝvi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i fq¼i me †iv‡Mi
wbkvbv A‡bK Av‡M †c‡j Gme Uq‡jU Gme
†ivM wbivg‡qi †ÿ‡ÎI KZ eo f~wgKv
ivL‡Z cvi‡e| GQvovI Avcbvi kix‡i
†Kv‡bv wKQzi Afve †`Lv w`‡j ev †Kv‡bv
mgm¨vi m~Pbv NU‡jI Gme Uq‡jU Avcbv‡K
Rvbvb w`‡Z cvi‡e| d‡j AvcwbI †`wi n‡q
hvevi Av‡MB h_vh_ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
dvBfwR Kv‡bw±wfwU
gv÷vidvBj
dvBf wR wb‡q mviv `ywbqv Ry‡o A‡bK
†kvi‡Mvj n‡”Q, we‡kl K‡i ûqvI‡qB‡K
wb‡q Av‡gwiKv I Zvi wg·`k¸‡jvi mv¤úªw-
ZK Sv‡gjvi ci| Z‡e ivR‰bwZK Wvgv‡Wvj‡K
GKcv‡k mwi‡q †i‡L ejv hvq, dvBfwR
GLb ev¯ÍeZv, Ges Gi gva¨‡g, Avcwb
c„w_exi †hLv‡bB Ae¯’vb Kiæb bv †Kb,
Zvihy³ B›Uvi‡b‡Ui †P‡q †ewk WvDb‡jvW
w¯úW cv‡eb| eyS‡ZB cvi‡Qb, WvDb‡-
jvWmn hveZxq Kv‡R `ªæZMwZ †h‡nZz
Avgv‡`i meviB PvIqv †m‡nZz bvbviKg
Kv‡b‡±W wWfvB‡mi e‡`Šj‡Z wek¦e¨vcx
†hvMv‡hvM e„w× mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZ‡Z Kx wekvj
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i? Avgiv GLbI
dvBf wR `ywbqvq cÖ‡e‡ki ¯^cœ †`LwQ e‡U,
Z‡e Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B †m `ywbqv Avgv‡`i
mevi Rb¨B G‡Kev‡i ¯^vfvweK I mvaviY
e¨vcv‡i cwiYZ n‡e m‡›`n †bB|
G‡·v‡¯‹wjUb
†iv‡evwUK G‡·v‡¯‹wjUb B‡Zvg‡a¨ DbœZ
we‡k¦i †mbvevwnbx¸‡jv‡Z e¨eüZ n‡”Q| GB
G‡·v‡¯‹wjUb-Gi KvR n‡”Q †mbv‡`i evowZ
kw³ I mvg_¨© †RvMv‡bv, Zv‡`i KvR‡K
Av‡iv mnR K‡i †Zvjv hv‡Z K‡i Zviv
A‡bK KwVb KvRI mn‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Avevi †mbvevwnbxi evB‡i Avgv‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK
Rxe‡bI Gi f~wgKv Av‡Q †h‡nZz Gi gva¨‡g
kvixwiKfv‡e cÖwZeÜx gvbylivI mn‡R
nuvUvPjv Ges nvZ I cv e¨envi K‡i bvbv
KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖm‡_wUK I K…wÎg
A½cÖZ¨½ B‡Zvg‡a¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK wel‡q
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ wek¦Ry‡o jÿ jÿ
gvbyl Gme e¨envi Ki‡Qb| bZzb G‡·v‡¯‹wjUb
ev c~Y©v½ †iv‡evwUK kixi wek¦Ry‡o
†KvvwU gvbyl‡K G‡Kev‡i bZzb ai‡bi GKwU
¯^vaxbZv I mÿgZv G‡b †`‡e|
eûZjwewkó Lvgvi
c„w_exi RbmsL¨v `ªæZMwZ‡Z evo‡Q| GiB
g‡a¨ Qvwo‡q †M‡Q mvZ‡kv †KvwU| wbtm‡›`‡n
GwU c„w_exi mxwgZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i Ici
gvivZ¥K †evSvi m„wó Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i emevm
Ges K…wlKv‡Ri RvqMv `ªæZ K‡g Avm‡Q| G
Kvi‡Y wecyj G RbmsL¨v‡K Kxfv‡e LvB‡q
cwi‡q euvwP‡q ivLv hvq Zv wb‡qI m„wó n‡q‡Q
AwbðqZvi| Avi G AwbðqZvi Kvi‡YB
Avgv‡`i bZzb bZzb †KŠkj wb‡q fve‡Z
n‡”Q| GiKgB GKwU bZzb †KŠkj
eûZjwewkó ev nvB ivBR Lvgvi| Rbeûj
kn‡ii gvSLv‡b MwR‡q IVv eûZjwewkó
K…wl Lvgvi GLbI Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k †`Lv
hv‡”Q bv e‡U, Z‡e Gi cÖ¯‘wZ wKš‘ Pj‡Q
e¨vcKfv‡e| d‡j A`~i fwel¨‡Z XvKvi
g‡Zv †gMvcwj‡mi gvSLv‡bI G ai‡bi
Lvgvi MwR‡q DV‡Z †`L‡j AevK n‡eb bv
wKš‘!
j¨v‡e Drcbœ gvsm
UvIqv‡ii Ici Miæi Lvgvi ˆZwii K_v ï‡b
†KD †KD nZPwKZ n‡Z cv‡i e‡U, Z‡e
j¨ve‡iUwi ev M‡elYvMv‡i ˆZwi gvsm wb‡q
wKš‘ wew¯§Z nIqv DwPZ n‡e bv| KviY GB
m¤¢vebvwU‡K ev¯Í‡e iƒc w`‡Z weÁvbxiv GiB
g‡a¨ M‡elYv K‡i P‡j‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i Aí
Li‡P j¨v‡e gvsm Drcv`b Kivi IciB †Rvi
w`‡”Qb Zviv| hw` GwU Zviv Ki‡Z cv‡ib
Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i LvIqv`vIqvB †Kej bq,
Avgv‡`i RxebhvÎv I RxevbvPv‡ii IciI
Gi GKwU eo cÖfve co‡e| GwU †Kej
Avgv‡`i cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i Ici PvcB
Kgv‡e bv, Gi gva¨‡g Avgiv gvsm Drcv`‡-
bi GKwU ˆbwZK cš’vI Luy‡R cve hv eû gvbyl
Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
AvM÷ 2020
11

K…wÎg eyw×gËv
DBwKwcwWqv †hgbUv ej‡Q Ñ K…wÎg eyw×gËv
nj †gwkb Øviv cÖ`wk©Z eyw×| Kw¤úDUvi
weÁv‡bi †‡Î GAvB M‡elYvi †ÎwU
Ôeyw×gvb G‡R›UÕ-Gi Aa¨qb wnmv‡e wb‡R‡K
msÁvwqZ K‡i: †h †KvbI hš¿ hv Zvi
cwi‡ek‡K Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Ggb
wKQy c`‡c †bq hv wKQy j¨ AR©‡b Zvi
mvdj¨‡K A‡bK `~i ch©šÍ GwM‡q †bq|
ÔK…wÎg eyw×gËvÕ kãwU cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq ZLb
hLb GKwU †gwkb Ávbxq dvskb¸wj‡K
Kvh©Ki K‡i hv Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li g‡bi mv‡_
wgj _v‡K, †hgb wkv MÖnY Ges mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi mv‡_ mshy³| Av‡›`ªqvi Kvcjvb
Ges gvB‡Kj †nbwjb AvwU©wdwkqvj B‡›Uwj‡RÝ
ev K…wÎg eyw×gËvi msÁvq e‡jb -
GwU GKwU wm‡÷‡gi ewnf©~Z Z_¨ mwVKfv‡e
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvivi gZv, Ggb Z_¨ †_‡K
wkv MÖnY Ges H wkv e¨envi K‡i bgbxq
Awf‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g we‡kl j¨ Kiv|Õ
K…wÎg eyw×gËv Avgv‡`i Pvicvk wN‡i Av‡Q|
Avgv‡`i ¯§vU©‡dvb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i RwUj me
h‡š¿I Gi e¨envi †`Lv hv‡”Q| wmwi, Av‡j·v
Avi ¸Mj A¨vwm÷¨v›U-Gi g‡Zv K…wÎg
eyw×gËvwfwËK mnPi Avgv‡`i‡K bvbv Kv‡R
bvbv fv‡e mnvqZv K‡i P‡j‡Q| †iveU
f…‡Z¨i g‡Zv h‡š¿i Avwe®‹v‡ii gva¨‡g
mvg‡bi w`b¸‡jv‡Z GwU Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b
Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i †b‡e|
b¨v‡bveU hLb Wv³vi
gv÷vidvBj
†iv‡evwU·-Gi DbœwZi Kvi‡Y Avgiv
fwel¨‡Z †c‡q hve Ggb †QvU †iveU †h¸‡jv
Avgv‡`i ¯^v‡¯’¨i †LuvRLei Ki‡e| AZ¨šÍ
ÿz`ª AvKv‡ii gvB‡µv‡¯‹vwcK Gme b¨v‡bveU
Avgv‡`i kix‡ii i‡Ü« i‡Ü« Xz‡K c‡o
Avgv‡`i ¯^v‡¯’¨i AZ›`ª cÖnixi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡e| kix‡ii †fZ‡i †Kv_vI hw` †Kvbv
cÖZ¨½ ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq Zvn‡j Gme b¨v‡bveU
†mme A½cÖZ¨½‡K mvivB Kivi Kv‡RI
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| Gi gv‡b
n‡jv, Avgv‡`i †h †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvR‡b nvmcvZv‡j
†`Šov‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb A‡bKUvB K‡g
Avm‡e| GQvov ¯^v¯’M¨MZ mgm¨v †_‡K †m‡i
DV‡ZI Avgv‡`i mgq Kg jvM‡e|
hš¿ QvovB K¬vDW †Mwgs
eZ©gvb wdj¥ Ges wgDwRK w÷ªwgs Kiv †hb
mevi Kv‡QB G‡Kev‡i WvjfvZ n‡q †M‡Q|
Avkv Kiv hvq Ggb w`b Avi †ewk `~‡i †bB
†hw`b Avgiv †Mg wb‡qI wVK GKB KvR
Ki‡Z cvie| Avgiv ZLb cqmv w`‡q Ggb
†mevi MÖvnK n‡Z cvie †hLv‡b Avgv‡`i Avi
Kw¤úDUvi ev †Mg Kb‡mvj wKQzB wKb‡Z
n‡e bv| Zvi cwie‡Z© Avgv‡`i wUwf‡K
e¨envi K‡iB nvB GÛ AvaywbK me †Mg
†Lj‡Z cvie K¬vDW †_‡K w÷ªwgs K‡i|
`ªæZMwZi eªWe¨vÛ, DbœZ †Mwgs †UK‡bvjwR
Ges AwaKZi wbf©i‡hvM¨ AeKvVv‡gv
Avgv‡`i‡K B‡”QgZ †Mwgs‡qi my‡hvM K‡i
†`‡e|
jvB-dvB
IqvB-dvB-Gi K_v †Zv Avgiv A‡bK
ï‡bwQ, jvB-dvB Kx wRwbm? Avm‡j
jvB-dvB wb‡q cixÿv wbixÿv n‡q P‡j‡Q
†ek wKQzw`b a‡iB| cÖPÐ `ªæZMwZi WvUv
UªvÝdvi w¯ú‡Wi AvKl©‡Y GwU wb‡q AvMÖn
w`bw`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| jvB-dvB †hwU K‡i
Zv n‡jv, GwU IqvB-dvB †iwW Zi‡½i e`‡j
Av‡jv‡K e¨envi K‡i WvUv UªvÝdv‡ii KvR
K‡i| d‡j ZvwË¡Kfv‡e n‡jI GB cÖhyw³i
mvnv‡h¨ AKíbxq iK‡gi `ªæZMwZ‡Z WvUv‡K
GK ¯’vb †_‡K Av‡iK ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv
m¤¢e| GQvvoI GB WvUv UªvÝdv‡i B›Uvi‡dqv‡iÝ
ev weNœ NUvi Avk¼vI G‡Kev‡i Kg|
†h‡nZz †iwWI †¯úKUªv‡gi †P‡q `„k¨gvb
jvBU †¯úKUªvg 10 nvRvi ¸Y †ewk `ªæZMwZi
†m‡nRZz Gi e¨vÛDB_ c‡UbwkqvjI A‡bK
A‡bK †ewk| GQvovI jvB-dvB‡K ev¯Í‡e
iƒcvqY Kiv m¤¢e n‡j GwU IqvB-dvB‡qi
Zzjbvq A‡bK m¯Ív n‡e e‡jI g‡b Kiv
n‡”Q|
†R‡bwUK †ivM †_‡K gy³ n‡e wek¦
cÖhyw³i `ªæZ DbœwZi Kvi‡Y Avgiv AwP‡iB
Ggb GK wek¦ cve †hLv‡b †h‡Kv‡bv †R‡bwUK
†ivM wkï gv‡qi †c‡U _vK‡Z †mLv‡bB
AvU‡K †`qv n‡e| wnDg¨vb wR‡bvg
BwÄwbqvwis-Gi GB we¯§qKi mvd‡j¨i
e‡`Šj‡Z Avgiv cve wb‡ivM GKwU cÖRb¥|
wnDg¨vb wR‡bvg BwÄwbqvwis cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g
†ivMvµvšÍ wRb‡K mȳ ’ wRb w`‡q cÖwZ¯’vwcZ
Kiv n‡e| Gi A_© n‡jv, wkïiv Rb¥ †b‡e
wb‡ivM I mȳ ’ Ae¯’vq, KviY B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zv‡`i
kixi †_‡K mg¯Í †ivMvµvšÍ wRb‡K mwi‡q
†djv n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g †Kej †ivM‡K
cÖwZ‡ivaB Kiv hv‡e bv, GwU wkï‡`i
ˆewk󨸇jv‡KI e`‡j †`‡e| wWGbG‡K hw`
cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Zvn‡j wR‡bvg‡KI
Ggbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z Kiv hv‡e hv wkï‡`i
¯^fveMZ w`‡KI cÖfve †dj‡e|
AvM÷ 2020
12

nv‡ZKj‡g
wgwWqvgvswK w`‡q mvRvb wWwRUvj wgDwRK dvBj
†gvL‡jmyi ingvb ¯^cb
B`vwbs Mvb †kvbvi Rb¨ wWwRUvj AwWI
dvBjB m½xZ‡cÖgx‡`i cÖavb cQ›`| mevi
Kw¤úDUvi nvW WªvBfB fwZ© kZ kZ, KL‡bv
ev nvRvi nvRvi wWwRUvj wgDwRK dvB‡j|
cÖwZwU dvB‡ji m‡½B wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz
Z_¨ hy³ Kiv Av‡Q, †h¸‡jv AvBwWw_ª U¨vM
(ID3 tag) bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gme Z‡_¨i
g‡a¨ Av‡Q wkíxi bvg, wgDwRK-Gi aib ev
Nivbv BZ¨vw`| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq AvBwWw_ª
U¨v‡M wjwce× Z‡_¨i A‡bK¸‡jvB fyj ev
AmvgÄm¨c~Y©| Avi G AmvgÄm¨Zvi Kvi‡Y
wgDwRK¸‡jv‡K my›`i I msMwVZfv‡e
mvwR‡q ivLvi †‡Î Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq| G
wbe‡Ü Avgiv wgwWqvgvswK bv‡g GKwU wd«
mdUAq¨v‡ii m‡½ cwiwPZ ne †hwU Avgv‡`i
wWwRUvj wgDwRK msMÖn‡K myweb¨¯Í ivL‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
1| mevi Av‡M www.mediamonkey.com/download
Kiv n‡e †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi AwWI dvBj
UvBc Avcwb wgwWqvgvswKi m‡½ e¨envi
Ki‡Z Pvb| AvBwWw_ª U¨vM m¤úv`bvi Rb¨
wgwWqvgvswK e¨envi Ki‡Z PvB‡j me¸‡jv
wUKwPý Avb‡PK K‡i w`b|
2| wgwWvgvswK j nevi ci Avcbv‡K
wR‡Ám Kiv n‡e Gi jvB‡eªwi‡Z wgDwRK
dvBj hy³ Ki‡Z Pvb wK bv| wb‡R‡K cÖkœ
Kiæb Avcwb wgDwRK dvBj e¨e¯’vcbv Ges
†cø Kivi Rb¨ wgwWqvgvswK e¨envi Ki‡Z
Pvb bvwK †Kej wgDwRK dvB‡ji AvBwWw_ª
U¨vM‡K wVKVvK Kivi Rb¨| D‡Ïk¨ hw`
c‡iiUv nq Ges Avcwb DB‡ÛvR wgwWqv
†cqvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wgDwRK †cøqvi e¨envi
K‡iB mš‘ó _v‡Kb Zvn‡j jvB‡eªwi‡Z
wgDwRK dvBj A¨vW Kivi †Kv‡bv `iKvi
†bB| Add/Rescan folders WvqvjM
e‡· Cancel evUb wK¬K Kiæb, †m m‡½
Gwo‡q hvb wb‡P ewY©Z Pvi b¤^i avcwUI|
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Kiv hvq| MP3 Ges WMA-i gZ cÖPwjZ
dig¨vU¸‡jv wm‡j± KivB Av‡Q| KvR †kl
n‡j OK wK¬K Kiæb|
4| †Kej Uª¨vK Avi AvBwWw_ª U¨vM e¨e¯’vcbv
Kivi Rb¨ wgwWqvgvswKi jvB‡eªwi‡Z
wgDwRK dvBj †hvM Kivi `iKvi †bB| Zvi
cwie‡Z© evgw`‡Ki c¨v‡b‡j ¯Œj WvDb K‡i
My Computer Gw›Uª‡Z wM‡q wbw`©ó dvBj
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`iKvi Av‡Q|
wVKvbv †_‡K wgwWqvgvswK Bb÷‡jkb
dvBjwU WvDb‡jvW Ki‡Z n‡e| bxj i‡Oi
Download Mediamonkey evUbwU
Pvcyb| Gevi wgwWvgvswKi wd« fvimbwU
cvIqvi Rb¨ a~mi i‡Oi Download Now
evUbwU Pvc‡Z n‡e| WvDb‡jvW Kiv
dvBjwU‡K DB‡ÛvR †W¯‹U‡c †mf Kiæb|
Gevi WvDb‡jvW Kiv dvBjwU‡K Luy‡R †ei
K‡i †mwUi Ici Wvej wK¬K Kiæb Ges
Bb÷‡jkb DBRv‡W©i avc¸‡jv †cwi‡q
wgwWqvgvswK Bb÷‡jkb m¤úbœ Kiæb|
Bb÷‡jk‡bi †k‡l w`‡K Avcbv‡K wR‡Ám
3| Add/Rescan folders Avm‡e| GwU
e¨envi K‡i wcwm-i nvW© wW‡¯‹ eªvDR K‡i
P‡j hvb| Zvici cv‡ki e‡· wUK wPý wPý
w`‡q †hme †dvìv‡i wgDwRK Av‡Q †m¸‡jv
5| Wvbw`‡Ki c¨v‡b‡j GKwU Uª¨vK wj÷
Avm‡e| G‡Z wbe©vwPZ wgDwRK¸‡jvi
wk‡ivbvg, wkíx BZ¨vw` mvaviY Z_¨ †`L‡Z
cv‡eb| ¯Œj K‡i Wv‡b wM‡q Av‡iv †ewk
Z_¨I †`Lv m¤¢e| wk‡ivbvg GjvKvq ivBU
wK¬K Ki‡j AvBwWw_ª U¨v‡Mi K¨v‡UMwii
GKwU Wªc WvDb †gbÿ Avm‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡bi
Ici wfwË K‡i Z_¨‡K wUK Ges AvbwUK
Kiæb|
AvM÷ 2020
13

nv‡ZKj‡g
6| K¨v‡UMwi¸‡jv wVKgZ msMwVZ Kivi ci
Gevi Uª¨vK msµvš— Z_¨ m¤úv`bv Kivi
cvjv| Dc‡ii w¯Œbk‡U Avgiv wKQz wgDwRK
Uª¨v‡Ki GKwU MÖæc †`L‡Z cvw”Q †h¸‡jv
A¨vjevg AvKv‡i mvRv‡bv Av‡Q| GLv‡b wKQz
wW‡UBj nq †bB ev _vK‡jI Aï×| wewfbœ
m~Î †_‡K dvBj msMÖn K‡i A¨vjevg ˆZwi
Ki‡j mvaviYZ GUv N‡U| G Sv‡gjv‡K
mn‡R `~i Ki‡Z PvB‡j Ctrl+A †P‡c
me¸‡jv Uª¨vK wm‡j± Kiæb| Gevi wm‡jKk‡bi
Ici ivBU wK¬K K‡i †h cc-Avc
†gbÿ wU Avm‡e †mLvb †_‡K Auto-Tag
from Web evQvB Kiæb|
ms‡hvM jvM‡e| g¨vbyqvwj cÖwZwU Uª¨vK GwWU
Kivi PvB‡Z G c×wZUvB fvj| †Kv‡bv
A¨vjevg hw` AvgvR‡b cvIqv bv hvq Zvn‡j
c`©vi Ic‡ii w`‡Ki mvP©e‡· †`Lyb GwU
wVKgZ †j‡ej Kiv Av‡Q wK bv| wb‡Pi w`‡K
njỳ i‡O nvBjvBU Kiv RvqMv¸‡jvq AvBwWw_ª
U¨v‡Mi fyj wPwýZ Kiv Av‡Q| A‡Uv U¨vM
evUb wK¬K Ki‡j G¸‡jv cv‡ë hv‡e|
9| Uª¨vK cÖcvwU©R WvqvjM e‡·i Dc‡ii
w`‡Ki evowZ U¨ve¸‡jv j Kiæb| G¸‡jv
e¨envi K‡i wgDwRK Uª¨vK-Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨
(†hgb wjwi· Ges A¨vjevg AvU©) †hvM Kiv
hv‡e|
7| Dc‡i ewY©Z c×wZ‡Z AvgvRb-Gi I‡qe
mvBU †_‡K A¨vjevg msµvš— Z_¨ AbymÜvb
Kiv nq| GRb¨ Aek¨B Avcbvi B›Uvi‡bU
†jv‡Kk‡bi †fZi eøK †j‡fj dvBj
wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb myweav cÖ`vb K‡i, †hgb
GKwU †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUUIqv‡K©i Kw¤úDUvi
Ges G·Uvibvj WªvB‡fi g‡a¨| GB †W¯‹Uc
A¨vcwU GK mgq cÖPzi RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i Ges
Gi mv‡_ wewfbœ B›Uvi‡bU I K¬vDW †÷v‡iR
mv‡cvU© hy³ nq, hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q GdwUwc/GmGdwUwc,
I‡qeW¨vf, AvgvRb Gmw_ª,
Wªce·, ¸Mj WªvBf, IqvbWªvBf I DB‡ÛvR
A¨vRyi| ¸Wwm‡¼i K‡qKwU Abb¨ ˆewk‡ó¨i
Kvi‡Y GwU GKwU PgrKvi K¬vDW Kgc¨vwbqb
Uz‡ji cwiYZ n‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Kvh©Ki
evB-wWi‡Kbkbvj wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb, e¨vP Re
†mU Avc Kivi myweav, c¨vivjvj †_ªW-Gi Rb¨
8| GQvov g¨vbyqvwjI cÖwZwU Uª¨v‡Ki Rb¨
AvBwWw_ª Z_¨ mshy³ Kiv m¤¢e| GRb¨
Uª¨vKwU wm‡j± K‡i ivBU wK¬K K‡i †h
†gbÿ wU Avm‡e †mLvb †_‡K Properties
wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| ZLb †h WvqvjM e·wU
Avm‡e †mLvb †_‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i
Uª¨vK‡K GwWU Ki‡Z n‡e|
mv‡cvU©, dvBj †fwiwd‡Kkb I Kg‡cÖkb I
Gbwµckb Df‡qi Rb¨ mv‡cvU©|
6| AvBGdwUwUwU (IFTTT)
AvBGdwUwUwU-‡K hw`I we‡klfv‡e K¬vDW
dvBj wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨B ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q,
GB wd« †mevwU Avm‡j †Kv‡bviKg †cÖvMÖvwgs
Ávb QvovB B›Uvi‡b‡U bvbviKg KvR mvivi
10| †MvUv cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ Ki‡j Avcbvi
A¨vjevg-Z_¨¸‡jv A‡bK †ewk †MvQv‡bv
†`Lv‡e| Ab¨vb¨ A¨vjev‡gi Rb¨I GKB
cÖwµqvi cybive„wË Kiæb|
Rb¨ GKwU `viæY Kvh©Ki DcvqI| GwUi
mvnv‡h¨ Avcwb bvbviKg Bd-Gjm A¨vKkb
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †hgb Wªce‡· hLbB
bZzb †Kv‡bv dvBj Avc‡jvW n‡e ZLb
Avcbvi Kv‡Q GKUv B‡gBj A¨vjvU© cvVv‡bv
A_ev Bb÷vMÖv‡gi bZzb mg¯Í d‡Uv‡K ¸Mj
WªvB‡f e¨vKAvc †bqv BZ¨vw`| GB †mevwU
eZ©gv‡b GK‡kviI †ewk P¨v‡b‡j KvR K‡i hvi
g‡a¨ Av‡Q †÷v‡iR-wfwËK P¨v‡bj †hgb
Wªce·, IqvbWªvBf, ¸Mj WªvBf I e·I|
Bd-Gjm A¨vKkb¸‡jv‡K †kqvi KivI hvq
A‡b¨i mv‡_| GQvov GB †mev e¨envi K‡i
†iwW †gW A‡bK¸‡jv Bd-Gjm A¨vKk‡b
wekvj GKwU fvÐv‡i mvP©I Kiv hvq|
AvM÷ 2020
14

Pviw`K
Avg~j e`‡j hv‡”Q B›Uvi‡bU!
†WwfW ¸Äb AwaKvix
1990-Gi `k‡K mvaviY gvby‡li †`vi‡Mvovq
P‡j Avmvi ci †_‡K AvR Awã A‡bK
cvjve`j N‡U‡Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui fze‡b| †Kej
†gv‡W‡gi mvnv‡h¨ †dvb jvBb¸‡jv‡K
ci¯úi mshy³ Kivi cwie‡Z© AvR K¨vej I
dvBevi AcwU‡Ki gZ D”P e¨vÛDB_
mvwf©‡mi e‡`Šj‡Z j¨vÛ jvBb‡K e¨¯Í bv
†i‡LB B›Uvi‡bU e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e| Av‡M
†hme †cR †Kej †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi †gŠwjK
Z_¨B †`LvZ GLb †m¸‡jv cwiYZ n‡q‡Q
cy‡iv`¯Íi B›U¨vi¨vKwUf B-Kgvm© mjÿ kb Av
AbjvBb †mevi cøvUdg© wn‡m‡e| Kv‡RB
cwieZ©‡bi avivevwnKZvq mvg‡b
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui RM‡Z Av‡iv cwieZ©b Avm‡e Zv
ejvB evûj¨| Avmyb, GK Sj‡K †R‡b Avmbœ
Ges NUgvb Gme cwieZ©b m¤^‡Ü|
ZË¡MZfv‡e ejv hvq, eZ©gv‡b hZ AvBwcwf4
wVKvbv Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ 430 †KvwUi
gZ wWfvBm B›Uvi‡b‡U GKB mg‡q mshy³
n‡Z cvi‡e| A_P mviv we‡k¦ †gvevBj †dvbB
Av‡Q cÖvq 400 †KvwU| d‡j AvBwcwf4 Avi
GZ †ewk msL¨K wWfvB‡mi Rb¨ AvBwc
wVKvbv eivÏ Kivi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| G
Kvi‡YB G‡K DbœZ K‡i AvBwcwf6 cÖ‡UvKj
ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j GKBm‡½ AviI
A‡bK †ewk wWfvBm B›Uvi‡b‡U mshy³ n‡Z
cvi‡e|
2| K¬vDWwfwËK weR‡bm Gbfvqib‡g›U
wm‡÷gI ivLv nq AbjvB‡b| Kgx©‡`i
Kw¤úDUvi GKwU fvPz©qvj †bUIqv‡K© mshy³
nq Ges Gfv‡eB mvaviY †bUIqv‡K©i gZ
K‡iB †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡i dvBjmn hveZxq
wi‡mvm©| GLv‡b dvivK n‡”Q †Kej wm‡÷g
Dbœq‡bi Li‡P| wekvj GKwU †bUIqvK©
AeKvVv‡gv M‡o †Zvjvi †cQ‡b jÿ jÿ
UvKv LiP Kivi cwie‡Z© †Kej †mevwU MÖnY
Kivi Rb¨B wbw`©ó A‡¼i cqmv w`‡Z n‡”Q|
GQvov †hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨vcviUvI P‡j hv‡”Q
K¬vD‡W| wfIAvBwc ev f‡qm Ifvi AvBwc
†mev e¨envi K‡i Avgiv GLb Ggb †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM
myweav cvw”Q hv cÖ_vMZ j¨vÛjvBb I
wcweG· wm‡÷‡gi Zzjbvq A‡bK AMÖMvgx|
1| AvBwcwfwm· ebvg AvBwf4 A¨v‡Wªwms
Avgiv †h wWfvBm w`‡q B›Uvi‡‡bU mshy³ nB
ZLb H wWfvB‡mi Rb¨ GKwU AvBwc
A¨v‡Wªm eivÏ K‡i B›Uvi‡bU| Avi Gfv‡eB
I‡q‡e Avgv‡`i‡K Luy‡R †bqv nq Ges Z_¨
†kqvi Kiv nq| AvBwc A¨v‡Wª‡mi GKwU
D`vniY n‡”Q 192.168.0.1| GwU
AvBwcwf4 cÖ‡UvKj wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
eZ©gv‡b Nwo †_‡K Kwd †gKvi ch©šÍ me
wWfvB‡m ¯§vU© †UK‡bvjwR cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q,
d‡j AvBwc A¨v‡Wªwms w¯‹gwU mviv c„w_ex‡Z
wecyj msL¨K wWfvB‡m e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
cÖwZeQi K¬vD‡W bZzb bZzb A¨vwcø‡Kkb I
weR‡bm dvskvbvwjwU hy³ n‡”Q| †gvevBj
†UK‡bvjwRi AMÖMwZi Kvi‡Y e¨emv gvwjKiv
GLb B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb Av‡Q Ggb †h
†Kv‡bv RvqMv †_‡KB e¨emv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡Qb| Awd‡m cv bv w`‡qB †c †ivj,
Bb‡f›Uwi wi‡cvU©, Awdm WKz‡g‡›Ukbmn
bvbv KvR cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| eZ©gv‡b
e¨emv †ÿ‡Î fvPz©qvjvB‡Rk‡bi Ici †Rvi
†`qv n‡”Q, KviY GwU Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Aq¨vi
I AvBwU Kgx©‡`i †cQ‡b Li‡Pi GKwU eo
Ask mvkÖq Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| fvPz©qvjvB‡Rkb
n‡”Q hLb mvf©vi mdUAq¨vi, dvBj
†÷v‡iR Ges GgbwK Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iwUs
I‡qewfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi myev‡` e¨e¯’vcKiv
GLb A‡bK Kvh©Kifv‡e e¨emv Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb|
3| AbjvBb mdUAq¨vi wjwRs
AvM÷ 2020
15

Pviw`K
AbjvBb weR‡b‡mi †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq
GKwU m¤¢vebv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q mdUAq¨vi
†Kbvi cwie‡Z© wjR †bqvi e¨vcv‡i| cÖwZ
gv‡m wbw`©ó A‡¼i UvKv mvew¯Œckb wd
wn‡m‡e †`qvi gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_
mshy³ †h †Kv‡bv wWfvBm †_‡KB e¨emvi
Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ A¨vwcø‡Kk‡b
A¨vK‡mm †bqv m¤¢e| mvaviYZ gvwmK Puv`vi
gva¨‡g mdUAq¨vi Avc‡WU Ges †UKwbK¨vj
mv‡cvU©I cvIqv hvq| Avi Gfv‡eB mgq I
A_© mvkÖq Ki‡Z cv‡i cÖwZôvb¸‡jv|
Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Avc‡MÖW Kiv
ev Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³‡Z †h‡Kv‡bv DbœwZ mvab
Kivi gva¨‡g mdUAq¨vi¸‡jv AvDU‡W‡UW
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| 2000-Gi w`‡K ˆZwi cÖvq
me A¨vwcø‡KkbB wKš‘ GLb AcÖPwjZ n‡q
†M‡Q, Ges AvR‡Ki ÷¨vÛv‡W© G¸‡jv Avi
e¨envi‡hvM¨I †bB| AbjvBb Avwcø‡Kkb¸‡-
jvi wKš‘ GB mxgve×Zv †bB| I‡qe
eªvDwRq‡Z mve©Rbxb GKwU j¨vs¸‡qR
wn‡m‡eB AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq, hv n‡iK iKg
wWfvB‡m GKBfv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| Gi
gv‡b, Kgx©iv bZzb ev cy‡iv‡bv †h Kw¤úDUvi
wm‡÷gB e¨envi KiæK bv †Kb, A¨vc¸‡jv
e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx †_‡K hvq|
K‡i wewb‡qvM KiwQ| wKš‘ ax‡i ax‡i †evSv
†Mj, WU Kg wb‡q DÏxcbv, AvMÖn meB
Av‡Q, †bB †Kej GKUv wRwbm: gybvdv|
d‡j 2000 mv‡j G‡m WU K‡gi eyØỳ wU
†d‡U hvq Ges Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †kqvi evRvi
a‡m covi gZB ivZvivwZ †KvwU †KvwU
Wjv‡ii f¨vjy‡qkb evZv‡m wg‡k hvq Ges
bv‡gi †k‡l WU Kg jvwM‡q hviv ivZvivwZ
cqmv evbv‡bvi av›`vq †b‡gwQj ZvivI gv_vq
nvZ w`‡q e‡m c‡o| G e¨vcv‡i †÷dvwb
kvUj e‡jb, Ô2000-Gi ci Z_vKw_Z
eyØỳ wU we‡ùvwiZ nq Ges WU Kg kãwU
w`‡q ZLb †evSv‡bv n‡Z _v‡K Av‡gwiKvb‡`i
†jvf-jvjmv Avi AcwiYvg`kx©Zv‡K|Õ
wZwb e‡jb, Ô‡m mg‡qi GKwU RbwcÖq
D`vniY wQj, Rvg©vbx‡Z cÖKvwkZ GKwU
4| cÖ‡R± AvDU‡mvwm©s
e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv evB‡i †_‡K mnvqZv
†b‡e, AvDU‡mvwm©s‡qi gv‡b †Kej GB bq|
e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wbw`©ó cÖKí‡K AvDU‡mvwm©s
Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb c„w_exi
†hLv‡bB †nvK bv †Kb| Gi gva¨‡g wbqwgZ
Kgx© ivLvi †h Ifvi‡nW LiP Zv A‡bKvs‡kB
Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e| Gÿ‡Î we`ÿ r, wbqwgZ
†eZb, exgv, U¨v·mn bvbv †ÿ‡Î mvkÖq Kivi
my‡hvM Av‡Q| AvDU‡mvwm©s K‡i †hme
wd«j¨vÝ Kgx© Zviv wb‡R‡`i wej, wewfbœ Uzj
I BKzBc‡g‡›Ui LiP wb‡RivB w`‡q _v‡K|
I‡qemvBU Kb‡U›U ˆZwi ev †bUIqvK©
A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªkb Ñ Pvwn`v hvB †nvK bv †Kb,
AvDU‡mvwm©s‡qi gva¨‡g †UKmB GKwU
e¨emvwqK cøvUdg© M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| eZ©gv‡b
A‡bK cÖwZôvbB bvbv Kv‡R AvDU‡mvwm©s-Gi
wbeÜ hv‡Z Rvbv‡bv n‡qwQj, †m‡`‡ki
B›Uvi‡bU Gw·wKDwUfiv bvwK Zv‡`i
Mvwo‡K k¨v‡¤úb w`‡q cwi®‹vi KiZ!Õ
WU Kg eve‡ji ci `yB `kK †K‡U †M‡Q|
GLb †`Lv hv‡”Q, Av‡Mi gZ GZ †ewk
†Kv¤úvwb Avi WU Kg kãUPv w`‡q wb‡R‡`i
†j‡ewjs Kivi e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx bq| eis ÷vU©
Avc Ñ G kãUvB GLb Zv‡`i wcÖq k‡ã
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
ZviciI WU Kg kãUvi RbwcÖqZv GLbI
wek¦Ry‡o Lye GKUv K‡gwb| GLbI WU Kg
kãwU Avgv‡`i mvg‡b B›Uvi‡b‡Ui cwiPvqK
wn‡m‡e `uvwo‡q hvq| GLbI wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡-
bi Kv‡Q wcÖq †Wv‡gBb bvg †mB WU KgB|
†fwimvB‡bi Z_¨g‡Z, eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û
GKwU K‡i WU Kg †Wv‡gBb †iwR‡÷ªkb
my‡hvM wb‡q _v‡K| B›Uvi‡bU GB my‡hvM‡K
eû ¸‡Y e„w× K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
5| †mvk¨vj wgwWqv B›Uvi¨vvKkb
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv I‡qemvB‡U cÖwZw`b †KvwU
†KvwU gvbyl wfo Rgvq Ges GwU Avgv‡`i
e¨emvwqK Kg©Kv‡ÐiI Acwinvh© Ask n‡q
hv‡”Q| wfwWI wdW I Kb‡U›U e¨envi K‡i
wewfbœ cÖwZôvb Zv‡`i K¬v‡q›U‡`i mv‡_ Mfxi
m¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK cÖwZôvbB
ni`g †dmeyK, Bb÷vMÖvg I BDwUD‡ei gZ
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv e¨envi K‡i Zv‡`i cY¨ I
†mev‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q w`‡”Q| cÖwZôv‡-
bi mvgvwRK Dcw¯’wZ‡K (social presence)
RbwcÖq me cøvUd‡g©i gva¨‡g eZ©gvb
I m¤¢ve¨ †µZv-e¨enviKvix‡`i Kv‡Q wbq
hvIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q| GB wg_w¯Œqvi e‡`Šj‡Z
Ggb GK cÖPvi-myweav cvIqv hv‡”Q hv Gi
Av‡M Avi KLbI m¤¢e nqwb|
nq| Avi B›Uvi‡b‡U eZ©gv‡b WU Kghy³
mvBU Av‡Q 10 †KvwU 15 jv‡Li gZ| hw`I
GUv wVK †h WU K‡gi †mB †mvbvjx w`b eû
Av‡MB MZ n‡q‡Q, ZviciI WU Kghy³
†Wv‡gBb bvg GLbI eû g~‡j¨ wewµ n‡”Q|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, insure.com bv‡g GKwU
†Wv‡gBb bvg 2009 mv‡j wewµ nq 16
wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjv‡i, hv Avw_©K g~‡j¨j
wePv‡i G ch©šÍ wewµ nIqv WU Kg †Wv‡gB‡-
bi g‡a¨ Av‡Q m‡e©v”P ¯’v‡b| Kv‡RB †evSv
hv‡”Q eZ©gv‡b WU wMÖb, WU †KvP ev WU
gvwb-i gZ bZzb bZzb †Wv‡gBb bv‡gi
e¨vcv‡i GK ai‡bi AvMÖn KvR Ki‡jI
m¤úªwZ wÎk eQ‡i cv †`qv †mB Ôey‡ovÕ WU
Kg †Wv‡gB‡bi RbwcÖqZv Avi gvnvZ¥¨
GLbI Agwjb|
AvM÷ 2020
16

Kx †Kb Kxfv‡e
WvUv nviv‡bvi 5wU g~j KviY
Avwmd gyRZev b~i
wb‡Ri e¨emvwqK ev †ckvMZ Kv‡R A_ev
wbQKB e¨w³MZ Kvi‡Y Avgiv mevB GLb
Kw¤úDUviwbf©i GK `ywbqvq evm Kwi|
Awd‡m mKvj †_‡K mܨv Kw¤úDUvi `veov‡bvi
ci evwo‡Z wd‡iB Avevi Kw¤úDUvi
Ly‡j emv| GgbwK †eov‡Z ev åg‡Y †M‡jI
gyw³ †bB, †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e Avgv‡`i
Kw¤úDUvi `iKvi n‡eB| Avgv‡`i hv‡`i
Kw¤úDUvi Av‡Q Zv‡`i †ewki fvMB †Kv‡bv
bv †Kv‡bv mgq dvBj ev WvUv nvwi‡qwQ|
Avgiv mevB Rvwb, A‡bK K‡ó ˆZwi ev msMÖn
Kiv WvUv nviv‡bvi KóUv KxiKg| we‡kl
K‡i †mwU hw` Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kv‡bv WvUv nq|
Avi cÖvwZôvwbK WvUv n‡j †Zv K_vB †bB|
GKB mv‡_ A‡bK K¬v‡q›U‡K wec‡` †d‡j
†`q GB NUbv| A‡b‡K †ÿ‡Î Avgiv nqZ
WvUv nviv‡bvi GB wec` m¤^‡Ü cy‡ivcywi
m‡PZbI _vwK bv| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` AbjvBb
WvUv j‡mi KviY¸‡jv m¤^‡Ü Rvwb Zvn‡j
Av‡iv fvjfv‡e I mZK©Zvi mv‡_ WvUv wb‡q
KvR Ki‡Z cvie, d‡j WvUv nviv‡bvi
Avk¼vI K‡g Avm‡e A‡bKLvwb| Avmyb
Zvn‡j Rvwb, WvUv nviv‡bvi cÖavb 5wU
KviY|
1| nvW©Aq¨vi I wm‡÷gRwbZ mgm¨v
we‡klÁiv ej‡Qb, nvwi‡q hvIqv WvUvi
GKwU eo AskB nvivq Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g ev
nvW©Aq¨v‡ii Sv‡gjvi Kvi‡Y| nvW©Aq¨vi I
wm‡÷gRwbZ ÎæwUi g‡a¨ Av‡Q K‡›UªvjviRwbK
mgm¨v, we`ÿ ‡Zi mgm¨v Ges †nW ev
wgwWqv µ¨vk| Kxfv‡e eyS‡eb Avcbvi
Kw¤úDUvi G ai‡bi †Kv‡bv mgm¨vq fzM‡Q?
• Av‡M e¨envi K‡i‡Qb Ggb WvUv †Kv‡bv
KviY QvovB DavI n‡q †M‡Q|
Avcbv‡K Gii †g‡mR †`wL‡q ejv n‡”Q †h,
wWfvBm wiKMbvBR Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv
Kw¤úDUvi|
• LULU ev G Nü vkNü v‡k kã|
• Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW© WªvBf KvR Ki‡Q bv|
• nvW© WªvBf Nyi‡Q bv|
wm‡÷g I nvW©Aq¨vi g¨vjdvskb Gov‡Z n‡j
Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úv‡b›U¸‡jv‡K
ay‡jvgy³, ïK‡bv I Ave„Z RvqMvq ivL‡Z
n‡e| Avi nvW© WªvB‡fi XvKbv KL‡bv miv‡bv
Ae¯’vq ivL‡eb bv|
2| gvbexq fzj
GwUI GKwU eo mgm¨v| Avgiv Kw¤úDUvi
dvBj‡K cÖvqB Avc‡WU Kwi, †h¸‡jv Kv‡R
jvM‡e bv †m¸‡jv gy‡Q †dwj| Avi GwU
Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡bKmgq fz‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq
wRwbmI gy‡Q ev bó K‡i †dj‡Z cvwi| mwVK
e¨vK Avc ÷ª¨v‡UwR bv _vKv Ges Kg©cÖevn
c×wZ (workflow procedures) †g‡b
bv PjvI WvUv j‡mi GKwU KviY| WvUv
nviv‡bv Gov‡bvi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q wbqwgZ
dvB‡ji e¨vK Avc ivLv| e¨enviKvix KZ…©K
wdwRK¨vj W¨v‡gR ev Avw½K ÿwZmvabiI
WvUv nviv‡bvi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| evwoi
†hLv‡ib gvby‡li Pjv‡div ev Avbv‡Mvbv †ewk
†mme RvqMvq Kw¤úDUvi wWfvBm ivL‡eb
bv|
3| fvBivm I g¨vjAq¨vi
cÖwZw`bB wKš‘ bZzb bZzb fvBivm Avi `yóz
mdUAq¨vi Kw¤úDUvi fze‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q|
we‡kl K‡i Avgiv GLb cÖPzi mgq AbjvB‡b
mshy³ _vwK, Avi GB AbjvBb ms‡hvM
fvBiv‡mi AvµgY Ges Gi cwiYwZ‡Z WvUv
nviv‡bvi GKwU eo KviY| fvBivmwU †Kgb
Zvi Ici hw`I ÿwZi aib ev cwigvY wbf©i
K‡i, Z‡e fvBivm we‡klZ Acv‡ikbvj
mdUAq¨vi‡K AvµgY Kiv, msiwÿZ WvUv
bó Kiv BZ¨vw`‡KB we‡klfv‡e Uv‡M©U K‡i|
Kw¤úDUv‡i fvBivm AvµgY WvUv j‡miI
Ab¨Zg KviY e‡j ¯^xK…Z| A‡bK fvBivm
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvwZôvwbK WvUv‡K Uv‡M©U K‡i|
Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡i hw` G ai‡bi WvUv
†_‡K _v‡K Zvn‡j Avcbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui
WvUv‡em I Avw_©K †jb‡`b msµvšÍ Z_¨
wbivc‡` ivLvi e¨vcv‡i me‡P‡q †ewk m‡Pó
_vKzb| Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷g‡K
fvBivm I G ai‡bi mgm¨v †_‡K wbivc`
ivLvi Rb¨ A¨vw›UfvBivm mdUAq¨vi e¨envi
I wbqwgZ Avc‡W‡UW ivLyb| GQvov Avcbvi
AbjvBb wbivcËv‡K wbqwgZfv‡e gwbUi
Kiæb|
4| Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡gi Avw½K ÿwZ I
Zij c`v_©
AvRKvj j¨vcU‡ci e¨envi e¨vcKfv‡e
†e‡o‡Q| Avgiv Lvevi ev cvwb MÖnY Kivi
mgqI A‡bK mgq j¨vcUc e¨envi Kwi| Pv,
Kwd, Rym BZ¨vw` cvbxq MÖn‡Yi mgq
j¨vcU‡ci Ici G¸‡jv Qj‡K co‡Z cv‡i|
Zij c`v_© †_‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK
j¨vcU‡c evowZ cÖwZiÿv ¯Íi (extra
protection layer) †bB| d‡j Qj‡K cov
cvbxq kU© mvwK©U ev ¸iæZ¡c~Y© B‡jKUªwbK
K‡¤úv‡b›U-Gi ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| kU© mvwK©U
cieZ©x Ask-26 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
17

wWwRUvj K¬vmiæg
cÖhyw³gb®‹ wkÿK‡`i Rb¨ K‡qKwU †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbv A¨vcm
bvwejv BiwZRv
cÖhyw³ †Kv_vq †bB! GLb Zv Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q
†kÖwYK‡ÿI| †hme wkÿK cÖhyw³i †Quvqvq
wb‡Ri wkÿv`v‡bi aviv‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z Pvb
Zuv‡`i Rb¨ bvbviKg wkÿvg~jK cÖhyw³ GLb
cvIqv hv‡”Q| Gme cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g
GKw`‡K †hgb Zuviv wb‡R‡`i Ici Pvc
Kgv‡Z cv‡ib †Zgwb cv‡ib wkÿvi
gv‡bvbœqb NUv‡ZI| G †jLvq Avgiv Rvbe
Ggb K‡qKwU eøvmiæg A¨v‡ci K_v †h¸‡jv
wek¦Ry‡o A‡bK wkÿKD Dc‡iv³ D‡Ï‡k¨
e¨envi Ki‡Qb Avi djI cv‡”Qb nv‡Z
nv‡Z| G¸‡jvi †ewki fvMB wd« Ges
A¨vÛª‡qW I AvBIGm-Gi gZ cøvUd‡g©
e¨envi‡hvM¨|
1| K¬vm‡Wv‡Rv (Class DOJO)
QvÎQvÎx‡`i AvPi‡Yi Ici Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi
Rb¨ GKwU `viæY Kvh©Ki Uzj K¬vm †Wv‡Rv|
GB Z_¨ Avevi wi‡qj UvB‡g wkÿv cÖwZôv‡-
bi cÖkvmb I QvÎQvÎxi evev gv-i mv‡_
†kqvi Kiv nq hv‡Z K‡i †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x-
©‡`i AMÖMwZi wel‡q cÖkvmb I wcZv-gvZv‡K
Rvbv‡bv hvq| GB UzjwU‡Z Av‡M †_‡K wVK
K‡i ivLv K‡qKwU BwZevPK I †bwZevPK
GB `yB K¨v‡UMwi‡Z †ek K‡qKwU we‡nwfqvi
Ackb Av‡Q| wkÿK PvB‡j Gi mv‡_ bZzb
we‡nwfqvi Ackb hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cÖwZevi wkÿK hLb †Kv‡bv wkÿv_x©i
BwZevPK ev †bwZevPK we‡nwfqvi Ack‡bi
ci wK¬K K‡ib, H wkÿv_x©i †cÖvdvB‡ji
mv‡_ GKwU +1 ev -1 hy³ nq| GQvov
wcZvgvZvi Kv‡Q mšÍv‡bi AvPvi AvPiY
m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Av‡Q GKwU wbivc`
†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vI|
2| ¸Mj K¬vmiæg (Google Classroom)
GB A¨vcwU †mUAvc Kiv I AskMÖnYKvix
(wkÿv_x©) hy³ Kiv †ek mnR| ¸Mj K¬vmiæg
_vK‡j QvÎQvÎx‡`i Avi wb‡R‡`i †kÖwYK‡ÿ
Avm‡Z nq bv| Zv‡`i †Kej †gvevBj †dvb
_vK‡jB P‡j| QvÎQvÎx‡`i Rb¨ KvMRwenxb
A¨vmvBb‡g›U ˆZwi Kiæb, Zvici GB A¨vc
e¨envi K‡i Zviv evwo‡Z e‡mB A¨vmvBb‡g›U
Rgv †`‡e| wkÿv_x©iv †Kej Zv‡`i
me †nvgIqvK© GK RvqMv‡ZB cv‡e bv, †Kvb
†nvgIqvK© Av‡M Ki‡e Avi †KvbwU c‡i †mwU
wVK KivqI A¨vcwU Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
3| m‡µwUf (Socrative)
m‡µwUf n‡”Q wkÿv_x©‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ
ZvrÿwYK mvov`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z GKwU
wm‡÷g (instant response system)|
wkÿK GKwU KzBR ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges
wkÿv_x©‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡Z
cv‡ib| wkÿv_x©iv ZLb Zv‡`i †dvb e¨envi
K‡i DËi BbcyU †`‡e| Zv‡`i DËi
wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Q wi‡qj UvB‡g cÖ`k©b Kiv
n‡e, d‡j Zuviv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb wkÿv_x©iv
†Kv‡bv GKwU Kb‡mÞ KZUv fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z
cvi‡Q| KzBR¸‡jv gvwëcj P‡qm cÖ‡kœi
AvKv‡i Avm‡e| mwZ¨/wg_¨v, †QvU cÖkœ
GiKg Ñ †h¸‡jv mn‡R †gvevBj wWfvB‡m
†cÖiY Kiv hv‡e| Gi d‡j wkÿKiv †Kv‡bv
GKwU †jKPvi wkÿv_x©iv KZUzKz eyS‡Z cvij
Zv ZvrÿwYKfv‡e wePvi we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| Gme KzBR wkÿK‡`i g‡a¨I
fvMvfvwM Kiv hv‡e| GB wd« A¨vcwU `ywU
AvKv‡i cvIqv hv‡”Q, GKwU wkÿK‡`i Rb¨,
Av‡iKwU wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨| `y‡Uv fvm©bB
AvBIGm, A¨vÛª‡qW, DB‡ÛvR †dvb,
AvgvRb I †µvg A¨vc cøvUd‡g© cvIqv hvq|
4| wcøKvm© (Plickers)
Avcwb hw` Ggb wkÿv_©x‡`i wkÿv`vb K‡ib
hv‡`i wbR¯^ †gvevBj wWfvBm †bB Zvn‡jwcøKvm©
Avcbvi Rb¨ GKwU fvj cQ›` n‡Z
cv‡i| †KvWmg„× KvW© e¨envi K‡i MVbg~jKfv‡e
wkÿv`vb m¤úbœ Kivq GwU
wkÿK‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GKgvÎ †h
†gvevBj wWfvBm `iKvi n‡e †mwU n‡”Q
wkÿ‡Ki wbR¯^ ¯§vU©‡dvb ev U¨ve‡jU| GB
A¨vcwU w`‡q gvwëcj P‡qm ev eû wbe©vPbx
cÖkœ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK GKwU
cÖkœ Ki‡eb, Avi wkÿv_©x‡`i‡K ejv n‡e
Zv‡`i DËi †ev‡W© wj‡L Dc‡i Zz‡j aivi
Rb¨| wkÿ‡Ki †dvb K¨v‡giv Avi A¨vcwU
e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_©x‡`i DËi¸‡jv `ªæZ
U¨vey‡jU K‡i †bqv hv‡e|
cieZ©x Ask-23 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
18

wWRvBb-`ywbqv
d‡Uvk‡ci weKí wK eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb Kiv?
bvwejv BiwZRv
I‡qe wWRvBwbs BÛvw÷ª †Kvbw`‡K hv‡”Q
†mwU GLbI ¯úó bq| wWRvBbvi‡`i GKwU
`j, huviv †KvwWs fvj cv‡ib, g‡b K‡ib
eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb KivB †kÖq| Avevi
Av‡iKwU `j d‡UvkcwfwËK wWRvB‡bi
w`‡KB Suy‡K Av‡Qb| wWRvBb BÛvw÷ª
eZ©gv‡b GK ai‡bi wØav؇›Ø `yj‡Q e‡jB
g‡b nq, KviY †KvwWs I d‡Uvkc `y‡UvB
GLbI Pvwn`vm¤úbœ| wKš‘ A`~i fwel¨‡Z G
`y‡qi g‡a¨ wefw³ AviI ¯úó n‡q DV‡e,
Avi ZLb fwel¨‡Zi I‡qe wWRvBbvi‡`ib
nq d‡Uvkc ev †KvwWs `y‡qi GKwU‡Z wb‡Ri
`ÿZv‡K SvjvB Ki‡Z n‡e|
eªvDRv‡i wWRvBwbs †Kb?
mvaviYfv‡e d‡Uvk‡c `ÿ gvbylRbB
wWRvB‡bi KvRwU K‡i _v‡Kb| cÖwZôv‡b
GKRb wfRyqvjvBRvi _vK‡jI _vK‡Z
cv‡ib whwb wWRvB‡bi Kb‡mÞwU ˆZwi K‡ib
Ges wWRvBbivi‡K e‡jb| Z‡e GiciI
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î †KvwWs‡qi `iKvi nq|
mvB‡U hw` ActionScript _v‡K ev d¬¨vk
I A¨vwb‡g‡UW Kb‡U›U _v‡K Zvn‡j
wWRvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvwWs‡qi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e|
eªvDRv‡i wWRvB‡bi myweav
eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb Kivi me‡P‡q eo myweav
nj, ÔeUj‡bKÕ ev Sv‡gjvi RvqMv¸‡jv `~i
Kiv hvq| d«›U GÛ Dcv`vb¸‡jv hw`
†KvwWs‡qi gva¨‡g ˆZwi Kiv nq Zvn‡j
wWRvBb msµvšÍ Sv‡gjv ev ÎæwU¸‡jv wPwýZ
I `~i Kiv m¤¢e| wWRvBbvi hLb d‡Uvkc
e¨envi K‡ib, ZLb wZwb g~jZ Zuvi Abyf~w-
Zi Ici wbf©i K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb hLb
wWRvB‡bi Kv‡R †KvwWs e¨envi K‡ib, wZwb
c×wZMZ GKwU †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i
G‡Mvb| GQvovI, eZ©gv‡b Ggb A‡bK
†d«gIqvK© Av‡Q †h¸‡jv eªvDRv‡i †KvwWs‡qi
e¨vcviwU‡K mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q| eyU÷ª¨vc I
dvD‡Ûkb n‡”Q Ggb `y‡Uv †d«gIqvK©|
G¸‡jv †KvwWs‡K †Kej fxlYiK‡gi mnRB
K‡i †`qwb, G¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ †KvWvi
G‡Kev‡i ïiæ †_‡K e¨vcviUv AvqË Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, †d«gIqv‡K©i
Kj¨v‡YB ÔeUj‡bKÕ Luy‡R †ei Kiv A‡bKUv
mnR n‡q †M‡Q|
eªvDRv‡i wWRvB‡bi Amyweav
myweavi cvkvcvwk eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb Kivi
wKQz AmyweavI Av‡Q| cÖwµqvwU †gvUvgywUfv‡e
axi, we‡kl K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ huviv †KvwWs‡qi
e¨vcviwU GLbI fvjfv‡e iß K‡i DV‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Av‡iKwU Amyweav n‡”Q, GwU
A‡bK †ewk †UKwbK¨vj GKwU KvR, we‡kl
K‡i d‡Uvk‡c wWRvB‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv
Ki‡j| wWRvBbvi hw` d‡Uvkc e¨envi K‡i
wWRvBb K‡ib Ges GKRb wfRyqvjvBRvi
Zuv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib, Zvn‡j wfRyqvj Sv‡gjv¸‡jv
`~i Kiv mnR n‡q hvq Ges KvRI
ZvovZvwo m¤úbœ nq|
d‡Uvk‡c wWRvB‡bi myweav
d‡Uvkc-Gi gva¨‡g MÖvwdK A¨vwcø‡Kkb
ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Gme A¨vwcø‡Kkb †h †Kv‡bv
cÖK‡íi cÖv_wgK cwiKíbv I M‡elYvi Rb¨
†ek Dc‡hvMx| d‡Uvkc Avm‡j wWRvB‡bi
G‡Kev‡i Avw`Zg I †gŠwjK d‡g©i mv‡_
m½wZc~Y©, †hLv‡b wWRvB‡bi nvwZqvi _v‡K
†¯ªd KvnR Avi Kjg| wWRvBb RxebP‡µi
†MvUv cÖwµqvwU‡Z wKQz ch©vq _v‡K †h¸‡jv
Kiv Lye KwVb bq| Gme ch©v‡qi Rb¨
eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g wWRvBb Kiv wVK Dchy³
bq| Ab¨w`‡K d‡Uvkc d‡Uvkc Gm‡ei
Rb¨ Dchy³ KviY GwU Lye gm„Yfv‡e
Iq¨vi‡d«g (wireframes) ˆZwi K‡i,
hv‡Z †gŠwjK e¨vcvi-m¨vcvi †evSv‡bvi
my‡hvM _v‡K|
d‡Uvk‡ci Amyweav
wWRvB‡bi †Uª‡Ûi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q bZzb †UªÛ
n‡”Q †imcwÝf wWRvBb| d‡Uvkc GB
†imcwÝf wWRvB‡bi Rb¨ Lye fvj bq|
†imwcÝf wWRvB‡bi mvnv‡h¨ †iRjÿ kbmn
I‡qmevB‡Ui A‡bK¸‡jv wdPvi‡K bvbv
wWfvB‡m GKB iKg †i‡L †`qv hvq| G
ai‡bi wWRvBb wd‡WwjwU gK-Avc w`‡q
m¤¢e bq, Gi Rb¨ `iKvi wmGmGm wgwWqv
†Kv‡qwi| d‡j P‡j Av‡m †KvwWs‡qi
e¨vcvi| gK-Avc‡K KLb K¬v‡q›U-Gi Kv‡Q
Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq? hLb GwU cy‡ivcywi cÖ¯‘Z
ZLb| Gici wWRvBbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui KvQ †_‡K
wdWe¨vK †bb Ges gK-Av‡ci g‡a¨ cwieZ©b
Av‡bb| GB cÖwµqvq A‡bK mgq †j‡M hvq|
Ab¨wZ‡K †KvwWs‡qi gva¨‡g wZwb wi‡qj
UvB‡g cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib| K¬vDWwfwËK
cøvUdg© e¨envi K‡i wZwb ZvrÿwYKfv‡e
K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ gZwewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡ib,
Zvici K¬v‡q‡›Ui wdWe¨vK wb‡q †KvwWs‡qi
AvM÷ 2020
cieZ©x Ask-21 c„óvq
19

GB mgq
nvj Avg‡ji K‡qKwU †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †UªÛ
†Mvjvg `v¯ÍMxi †ZŠwn`
Avcbvi hw` †Kvbv e¨emvwqK ev GiKg
cÖwZôvb _v‡K Zvn‡j †mwUi AbjvBb
Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ KivUv Riæwi| Avi GRb¨
Avcbvi `iKvi n‡e GKwU I‡qemvBU| Kx
ej‡jb, I‡qemvBU Av‡Q? Zvn‡j Avcbvi
e¨emv‡K AbjvB‡b cÖ‡gvU bv Kivi †Kv‡bv
KviY †bB| Avi e¨emv‡K AbjvB‡b wecYb
Kivi K_v hw` Av‡m Zvn‡j †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi
kiY bv wb‡q Dcvq †bB| †ek wKQzw`b a‡i
†mvk¨vj wgwWqvi e¨envi me©ÎB evo‡Q,
e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i `ywbqvI Zvi evB‡i bq|
AvMvgx K‡qK eQ‡i GB †UªÛ Av‡iv †Rvi`vi
n‡e Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB| †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B wekvj GK cøvUd‡g© cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| ÷¨vwU÷v (Statista)-i Z_¨g‡Z,
2014 mv‡j mviv `ywbqvq †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi
e¨enviKvix wQj 179 †KvwUi gZ| 2018
mvj bvMv` GwU wM‡q `uvov‡e 244 †KvwU‡Z|
wekvj GB †mvk¨vj wgwWqv fzeb wKš‘
cÖwZwbqZB cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Kvi‡Y
Avcbvi e¨emvwqK ev cÖvwZôvwbK Kv‡R hw`
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j
2015 mv‡j G †ÿÎwU‡Z †Kvb †Kvb cwieZ©b
Avm‡e Zv Avcbvi Rvbv DwPZ| Avmyb,
we‡klÁiv G †ÿÎwU‡Z †hme cwieZ©b NU‡Q
e‡j Rvbv‡”Qb †m¸‡jv AvgivI GB duv‡K
†R‡b wbB|
1| †mvk¨vj wgwWqv n‡e AviI †ewk †gvevBjwfwËK
MZ †ek wKQzw`b a‡i bvbviKg †gvevBj
wWfvB‡m †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi cÖPjb Avgiv
†Lqvj KiwQ| wcD wimvP© B›Uvi‡bU cÖ‡R‡±i
GKwU M‡elYv Abymv‡i 2014 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi
58 kZvsk cÖvßeq¯‹ bvMwi‡Ki GKwU K‡i
¯§vU©‡dvb wQj| 42 kZvsk gvwK©bxi GKwU
K‡i U¨ve‡jU wQj| Avi 32 kZvsk gvwK©bxi
wQj GKwU K‡i B-wiWvi| hy³iv‡óªi gZB
Ae¯’v Ab¨ abx †`k¸‡jviI| Avgiv †m
Zzjbvq A‡bK wcwQ‡q ZvK‡jI Avgv‡`i
†`‡kI ¯§vU©‡dv‡bi evovevwo †Pv‡L covi
gZ| Kv‡RB mvg‡bi w`b¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK
†ewk gvbyl Zv‡`i ¯§vU©‡dvb ev Ab¨vb¨
†gvevBj wWfvB‡m †mvk¨vj wgwWqv e¨envi
Ki‡e GwU a‡i bv †bqvi KviY †bB|
2| AviI †ewk ¯§vU© I †ewk Kv÷gvBRW:
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv †Kej mvaviY gvby‡li
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi cøvUdg© wn‡m‡e †_‡K hv‡e Zv
fvevi KviY †bB| weÁvcb`vZviv B‡Zvg‡a¨
bvbvfv‡e GwU‡K e¨envi Ki‡Q| Avcwb
Kxfv‡e †mvk¨vj wgwWqv‡K e¨envi K‡ib Zvi
c¨vUv‡b©i Ici wfwË K‡i Zviv Av‡iv †ewk
msL¨K cvi‡mvbvjvBRW weÁvcb cÖPvi
Ki‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc, Zviv hw` Rvb‡Z cv‡i
†h, Avcwb †W¯‹Uc Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q
†gvevBj wWfvB‡m †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †ewk
e¨envi K‡ib Zvn‡j †m wWfvB‡mi Ici
wfwË K‡iB Zviv Avcbvi Rb¨ weÁvcb
wWRvBb Ki‡e| G‡Z Avcbvi Zv‡`i cY¨
µ‡qi m¤¢vebv evo‡e|
3| fvBivj Kb‡U›U-Gi †µR evo‡e:
†mvk¨vj wgwWqvq GiB g‡a¨ 200 †KvwUi gZ
e¨enviKvix Av‡Q| Kv‡RB weÁvcb`vZviv
Gme cøvUdg© e¨envi K‡i 200 †KvwU
AvM÷ 2020
20

GB mgq
gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡Z PvB‡e GUvB
¯^vfvweK| wKš‘ mvaviY ev MocoZv Kb‡U›U
w`‡q GwU Kiv †ek KwVb| GRb¨ `iKvi wfbœ
iK‡gi wKQz| Avevi †mB wfbœ iK‡gi wKQzUv
Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gvby‡li g‡a¨ †mwU
A‡b¨i m‡½ †kqvi Kivi cÖeYZv Rv‡M| Avi
Zvn‡jB GwU B›Uvi‡b‡Ui fze‡b ÔfvBivjÕ
n‡q e¨vcKfv‡e Qwo‡q co‡e| G Kvi‡Y
wewfbœ cÖwZôvb PvB‡Q GiKg e¨wZµgx I
fvBivj Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z| GRb¨ _vW©
cvwU© mvwf©m †cÖvfvBWvi‡`i fvov Ki‡ZI
wØav Ki‡Q bv Zviv| mwVKfv‡e ˆZwi GKwU
fvBivj Kb‡U›U GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi fvM¨‡K
ivZvivwZ e`‡j w`‡Z cv‡i| 2015 mv‡j GB
cÖeYZv A‡bK evo‡e|
4| B‡g‡Ri e¨envi evo‡e: K_vwU AwaK
e¨env‡i RxY© n‡q †M‡Q wVKB, wKš‘ GKwU
Qwe Avm‡jB GK nvRvi k‡ãi †P‡q †ewk
Kvh©Ki| Avi G gyn~‡Z© wgwbgvwj÷ A¨v‡cÖvP,
gv‡b me‡P‡q K‡gi gva¨‡g me‡P‡q †ewk
AR©b Kivi cÖeYZvi †cÖÿvc‡U A‡bK
†U·U-Gi PvB‡Z GKwU Qwe w`‡qB KvR
D×vi Kivi w`‡K SuyK‡Q mevB| †`Lv †M‡Q,
†Kej †U·UwfwËK AbjvBb A¨v‡Wi †P‡q
B‡gRwfwËK AbjvBb A¨v‡Wi Kvh©KvwiZv I
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv A‡bK †ewk| GQvov B‡g‡Ri
K_v Avgv‡`i g‡bI _v‡K †ewk& Kv‡RB
2015 mv‡j B‡gRwfwËK weÁvc‡bi Pvwn`v
I cÖPjb `yB-B evo‡e Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB|
wc›Uv‡i÷-Gi gZ I‡qemvBU, †h¸‡jv g~jZ
B‡gRwfwËK, †m¸‡jvi RbwcÖqZv û-û K‡i
evo‡Q Ges evo‡e| GQvov †mvk¨vj
wgwWqv‡Z eo eo AvKv‡ii Qwei e¨enviI
Av‡iv evo‡e|
5| wfwWI gv‡K©wUs Av‡iv RbwcÖq n‡e:
B‡gR ev Qwei ¸iæZ¡ evovi m‡½ m‡½
wfRyqvj Kb‡U›U-Gi Av‡iv GKwU iƒc
RbwcÖqZv cv‡”Q, Avi Zv n‡”Q wfwWI|
GKRb †mvk¨vj wgwWqv we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z,
Ôme‡P‡q kw³kvjx eª¨vÛ¸‡jv GKwU cwi®‹vi
wfRyqvj †mvk¨vj wgwWqv ÷ª¨v‡UwR wb‡q
G‡Mv‡”Q|Õ G eQi wfwWI gv‡K©wUs msµvšÍ
Kg©KvÐ Av‡Mi †h †Kv‡bv mg‡qi †P‡q †ewk
†Rviv‡jv n‡e| mv¤úªwZK mg‡q †ek K‡qKwU
I‡qemvBU †`Lv †M‡Q †h¸‡jv †QvU †QvU
wfwWI ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| G ai‡bi
wfwWI w`‡q Avcbvi eª¨v‡Ûi ÔMí ejvÕ (storytelling)-i
KvRwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e
wfwWI¸‡jvi PwiÎ †hb †ewk †ewk
ÔcÖPvi-cÖcvMvÛvÕ ai‡bi bv n‡q hvq| Zvi
cwie‡Z© †m¸‡jv hv‡Z Z_¨wbf©i I AvKl©Yxq
nq Zv wbwðZ Kiæb|
6| †mvk¨vj Kgv‡m©i w`‡K GwM‡q hvb:
A‡bKw`b A‡cÿvi ci †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
eZ©gv‡b †KbvKvUv I e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Rb¨
GKwU LyeB Kvh©Ki Ges cÖvq wbLuyZ cøvUdg©
wn‡m‡e iƒc wb‡Z hv‡”Q| e¨vcviUvi ïiæ
n‡qwQj UzBUvi hLb Zv‡`i ÔevBÕ bvgK †eUv
evUb e¨envi K‡iwQj ZLb| Zv‡`i‡K
AbymiY K‡i †dmeyK| 2015 mv‡j GB
avivwU Av‡iv †ewk †Rviv‡jv n‡Z cv‡i| G
mg‡q †mvk¨vj wgwWqv I BKgv‡m©i Av‡iv
†ewk †gjeÜb jÿ Kiv hv‡e|
7| †µZvm¤úK© e„w× Kivi Rb¨ wi‡qj UvBg
mvwf©m: memgq mshy³ _vKvi Rb¨ †mvk¨vj
wgwWqv GKwU AmvaviY cøvUdg©| we‡kl K‡i
†µZv‡`i mv‡_ mshy³ _vKvi Rb¨| GQvov
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv wi‡qj UvBg †hvMv‡hvM‡KI
ewa©Z K‡i| e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv GB
mve©ÿwYK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi myweavwU wb‡Z cv‡i|
Zvvi mivmwi K¬v‡q›U‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
gva¨‡g ZvrÿwYKfv‡e bvbv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
KvRwU K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i †mvk¨vj wgwWqvi
mvnvh¨ wb‡q| G‡Z †µZv‡`i mš‘wó evo‡e
Ges †mB m‡½ evo‡e e¨emvi gybvdvI|
cwieZ©b G‡b mwVK wWRvBb ˆZwii c‡_
GwM‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib|
†¯‹P ebvg †KvwWs
mwZ¨ K_v n‡”Q, †¯‹wPs I †KvwWs‡qi g‡a¨
Av`‡c †Kv‡bv Ø›Ø †bB| GgbwK †KD hw`
eªvDRv‡i wKQz wWRvBb K‡ibI, †mwU‡K wZwb
cÖ_‡g †¯‹PI K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib| wZwb KvMR
Avi †cwÝj wb‡q e‡m cÖ_‡g †¯‹P K‡i
AvBwWqvwUi Lmov bKkv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †¯‹P
n‡q †M‡j ci Zv‡K GBPwUGgGj I
wmGmGm e¨envi K‡i mvB‡Ui GKwU †cÖv‡UvUvBc
ev bgybv ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| †cÖv‡UvUvB‡c
†cøm‡nvìvi †U·U I B‡gRmn aymi
i‡Oi e· _vK‡e| wWRvB‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i
Gme e‡·i g‡a¨ _v‡K Kb‡U›U| K¬v‡q›Uiv
†cÖv‡UvUvBc †`L‡Z cvb Ges G¸‡jv Kxfv‡e
KvR K‡i ZvI Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡`i hw`
†Kv‡bv †cÖv‡UvUvBc cQ›` bv nq, Zuviv
cwieZ©b Avbvi Rb¨ e‡jb| KvR G‡Mv‡bvi
mv‡_ mv‡_ †h‡nZz cwieZ©b NU‡Z _v‡K,
†Kv‡bv KvRB Ab_©K †_‡g _v‡K bv| d‡j hv
†evSv †Mj Zv n‡”Q, †¯‹wPs gv‡bB †KvwWs‡qi
weKí Zv bq, eis †¯‹wPs Avi †KvwWs GKwU
Av‡iKwUi cwic~iK| †miv gv‡bi †cÖv‡UvUvBc
ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †¯‹wPs
K‡i †bqv eis Riæwi|
d‡Uvk‡ci RvqMv †K †b‡e?
wWRvBbvi‡`i GKwU Ask B‡Zvg‡a¨ ej‡Z
ïiæ K‡i‡Qb †h, d‡Uvk‡ci †Kv‡bv fwel¨r
†bB Ges GwUi RvqMv wb‡q †b‡e eªvDRv‡ii
g‡a¨ wWRvBwbs| Avevi Zuv‡`i K_v‡K MÖvn¨
Ki‡Qb bv Ggb wWRvBbviI Av‡Qb| Zuviv
g‡b K‡ib d‡Uvkc ai‡bi mdUAq¨vi Qvov
wWRvB‡bi bv›`wbKZv wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e bv|
Kv‡RB GwU memgqB _vK‡e| Avm‡j
ci¯úi we‡ivax GB `y‡Uv g‡Zi g‡a¨B wKQzUv
K‡i mwZ¨ Av‡Q| d‡Uvk‡ci gva¨‡g wWRvBb
Ki‡j wKQz wKQz mgm¨v †_‡KB hvq, †h¸‡jv
eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb Kivi gva¨‡g `~i Kiv hvq|
†hgb, d‡Uvk‡c ˆZwi Kiv gKAvc¸‡jv
÷¨vwUK Ges wK¬K Kivi Dc‡hvMx bq
(non-clickable)| eªvDRv‡i B›Uvi¨vKwUf
†cÖv‡UvUvBc ˆZwi K‡i G mgm¨v `~i Kiv
hvq| Avevi gKAvc †`L‡Z †ek my›`i n‡Z
cv‡i, Z‡e wWwRUvj dig¨v‡U G‡K ˆZwi
Ki‡Z †M‡j `iKvi n‡e GBPwUGgGj Avi
wmGmGm| eªvDRv‡i wWRvBb Ki‡Z †M‡j
wKš‘ G mgm¨v nq bv KviY GLv‡b ïiæ †_‡KB
GBPwUGgGj Avi wmGmGm w`‡q †KvwWs
K‡i KvR Kiv n‡”Q|
AvM÷ 2020
21

nv‡ZKj‡g
†hme wjbv· KgvÛ Avcbvi Rvb‡ZB n‡e
D”Q¡vm gRyg`vi
wjbv·-Gi wW‡÷ªv¸‡jv GLb bvbviKg
MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡dm (GUI) mv‡cvU©
K‡i wVKB Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Î cyi‡bv
†mB KgvÛ jvBb B›Uvi‡dmB (bash) †ewk
Kv‡R †`q| e¨vk I Ab¨vb¨ wjbv· †kj-G
KgvÛ UvBc K‡i KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq, Avi
G Kvi‡YB Gi bvg n‡q‡Q KgvÛ jvBb
B›Uvi‡dm| KgvÛ n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi‡K Kx
Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi wb‡`©kbv| Avcwb KgvÛ
e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi eÜ Ki‡Z cv‡ib,
Kv‡i›U wW‡i±wi‡Z †hme dvBj Av‡Q Zvi
ZvwjKv †`L‡Z cv‡ib, †Kv‡bv †U·U
dvB‡ji Kb‡U›U †`L‡Z cv‡ib A_ev w¯Œ‡b
†Kv‡bv †g‡mR cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| KgvÛ
e¨eRvi GKB m‡½ mnR I AwaKZi
Kvh©KiI| wjbv‡·i e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨
Avgiv G †jLvq Ggb wKQz †gŠwjK wjbv·
KgvÛ cÖ`vb Kijvg †h¸‡jv GKvwaK wjbv·
wW‡÷ªvq bvbviKg KvR Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi
nq| GwU †Kv‡bv c~Y©v½ ZvwjKv bq, Z‡e hviv
wjbv· wkL‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb ev wKQzw`b a‡i
wkL‡Qb Zv‡`i Rb¨ GB KgvÛ wj÷wU A‡bK
Kv‡R Avm‡e m‡›`n †bB|
ls – List
ls KgvÛwU eZ©gv‡b †h wW‡i±wi‡Z KvR Kiv
n‡”Q Zvi dvBj I †dvìvimg~‡ni Kb‡U›U
cÖ`k©b K‡i| MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡mi
dvBj G·‡cøvivi e¨envi K‡i †dvìvi
†Lvjvi mv‡_ Gi Zzjbv Kiv hvq|
mkdir – Make Directory
mkdir <new-directory-name>
KgvÛwU GKwU bZzb wW‡i±wi ˆZwi K‡i|
MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡mi dvBj G·‡cøvivi
e¨envi K‡i Kb‡U·U †gbÿ †_‡K
‘new/create directory’ e¨env‡ii
gva¨‡g bZzb †dvìvi ev wW‡i±wi ˆZwi Kivi
mv‡_ Gi Zzjbv Kiv hvq|
pwd – Print Working Directory
pwd KgvÛwU eZ©gvb IqvwK©s wW‡i±wi wcÖ›U
K‡i|
cd – Change Directory
cd <directory> KgvÛwU †Kv‡bv GKwU
†dvìvi ev wW‡i±wi‡K eZ©gvb Pjgvb
†mk‡bi Rb¨ IqvwK©s wW‡i±wi wn‡m‡e †mU
K‡i| MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡mi dvBj
G·‡cøvivi e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU KvR
Kivi Rb¨ wW‡i±wi †Lvjvi mv‡_ GwU Zzjbxq|
rmdir – Remove Directory
rmdir <directory-name> KgvÛwU
†Kv‡bv GKwU dvBj ev †dvìvi‡K wigyf K‡i
ev gy‡Q †d‡j| †dvìvi cybtcybt †gvQvi
Rb¨ rm -r <directory-name> KgvÛ
e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
cp – Copy
cp <source-file> <destination-file>
KgvÛwUi gva¨‡g GK †jv‡Kkb
†_‡K dvBj/
‡dvìvi‡K Ab¨ †jv‡Kk‡b Kwc Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| Avcwb cp -r <source-folder>
<destination-folder> KgvÛ e¨env‡ii
gva¨‡g †dvìvi‡K cybtcybt (recursively)
Kwc Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
mv – MoVe
mv <source> <destination>
KgvÛwU GK †jv‡Kkb †_‡K dvBj/‡dvìvi‡K
Ab¨ †jv‡Kk‡b mwi‡q †bq| GQvov
dvBj ev †dvìvi hw` bZzb †Kv‡bv bv‡g
eZ©gvb wW‡i±wi‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †mwUi bvg
cvëv‡bvi Rb¨ (rename) GB KgvÛwU
e¨envi Kiv hvq|
cat – concatenate and print files
cat <file> KgvÛwU †h †Kv‡bv ÷¨vÛvW©
AvDUcy‡U (†hgb gwbUi ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii
w¯Œb) dvBj Kb‡KUv‡bU (ci¯úi mshy³
Kiv) I wcÖ›U Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡m †U·U wfDqvi
e¨envi K‡i †U·U dvB‡jj Kb‡U›U †`Lvi
m‡½ GwU Zzjbxq|
tail – print TAIL (from last) >
tail <file-name> KgvÛwU ÷¨vÛvW©
AvDUcy‡U †Kv‡bv dvB‡ji me©‡kl wZb jvBb
(evB wWdë) wcÖ›U K‡i| Avcwb tail -n N
<file-name> e¨envi K‡i w¯Œ‡b dvB‡ji
me©‡kl ÔNÕ msL¨K jvBb wcÖ›U Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
less – print LESS
less <file-name> KgvÛwU †Kv‡bv GKwU
dvB‡ji cÖwZwU †cR (ev cÖwZwU DB‡Ûv) wcÖ›U
K‡i| cÖPzi †U·Pzqvj WvUvmg„× †Kv‡bv eo
dvBj, †hwU w¯Œ‡b AvuU‡e bv, †mwU‡K mwVKfv‡e
†`Lvi Rb¨ GB KgvÛwU †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
GK †cR K‡i mvg‡b hvIqvi Rb¨
Pvc‡Z n‡e Ctrl+F,Avi GK †cR K‡i
AvM÷ 2020
22

nv‡ZKj‡g
†cQ‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ Ctrl+B| MÖvwdKvj
BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡m †U·U wfDqvi ev GwWUi
e¨envi K‡i †U·U dvB‡ji Kb‡U›U †`Lvi
m‡½ GwU Zzjbxq|
grep
grep "<string>" <file-name> †Kv‡bv
dvB‡ji wbw`©ó GKwU w÷ªs‡K AbymÜvb Kivi
Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| Avcwb †Km †mbwmwUf mvP©
Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Avi
eZ©gvb Pjgvb wW‡i±wii me dvB‡j †Kv‡bv
GKwU w÷ªs cybive„wËg~jKfv‡e AbymÜvb
Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib grep -r
"<string>" <file-name>|
Find
GB KgvÛwU wbw`©÷ †jv‡Kk‡b wbw`©ó
µvB‡Uwiqv AbymiY K‡i dvBj AbymÜvb
K‡i| Avcwb find <folder-to-search>
-name <file-name>
‘-name’ Ackb e¨envi K‡i †Km †mbwmwUf
AbymÜvb Pvjbv Ki‡Z Ges find
<folder-to-search>-iname
<file-name> e¨envi K‡i †Km Bb‡mbwmwUf
AbymÜvb Pvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
tar
GB KgvÛ ÔUviÕ AvK©vBf ˆZwi, cÖ`k©b I
G·Uªv± K‡i| Uvi AvK©vBf ˆZwii Rb¨ tar
-cvf <archive-name.tar>
<file1-OR-file2-OR-both-to-archive>,
tar -tvf
<archive-to-view.tar> cÖ`k©b Kivi
Rb¨ Ges tar -xvf <archive-to-extract.tar>
G·Uªv± Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
gzip
gzip <filename> e¨envi K‡i gzip
AvK©vBf ˆZwi I G·Uªv± Kiv hv‡e|Avcwb
Gi gzip -d <filename> KgvÛ e¨envi
K‡i gzip AvK©vBf G·Uªv± Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
unzip
unzip <archive-to-extract.zip>
KgvÛ e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv wRc AvK©vBf‡K
AvbwRc Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| unzip -l
<archive-to-extract.zip e¨envi K‡i
wRc dvBj G·Uªv± bv K‡iB Gi Kb‡U›U
†`L‡Z cvi‡eb| MÖvwdKvj BDRvi
B›Uvi‡d‡m wRc AvK©vBf G·Uªv± Kivi Rb¨
AvK©vBf †cÖvMÖvg e¨env‡ii m‡½ GwU Zzjbxq|
help
<command-name> --help e¨envi
Ki‡j Uvwg©bv‡ji hZ KgvÛ Av‡Q me¸‡jv
ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv n‡e| Avcwb †h †Kv‡bv
Kgv‡Ûi mv‡_ ‘-h’ A_ev ‘–help’ e¨envi
K‡i H wbw`©ó KgvÛwUi Rb¨ †ní †c‡Z
cv‡ib|
exit
exit KgvÛwU e¨envi Ki‡j eZ©gvb Uvwg©bvj
(e¨vk) †mkbwU †kl n‡q hv‡e| MÖvwdKvj
BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡m †Kv‡bv A¨vwcø‡Kkb eÜ
Kivi Rb¨ †K¬vR evU‡b wK¬K Kivi mv‡_
GwUi Zzjbv Kiv hvq|
ping
ping <remote-host-address> KgvÛ
e¨envi Ki‡j wcs c¨v‡KU †cÖiY K‡i `~ieZx©
†Kv‡bv †nv÷ (mvf©vi)-†K wcs Kiv n‡e|
†bUIqvK© Kv‡bw±wfwU ev mvf©v‡ii ÷¨vUvm
cixÿv Kivi Rb¨ GwU e¨envi Kiv nq|
MÖvwdKvj BDRvi B›Uvi‡d‡m †bUIqvK©
g¨v‡bRvi e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv †nv÷‡K wcs
Kivi mv‡_ GwU Zzjbxq|
shutdown
shutdown Avcbvi Kw¤úDUvi‡K
kvUWvDb K‡i †`‡e| Avcwb shutdown -r
KgvÛ e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi‡K wi÷vU©
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| Gb‡MÖW (Engrade)
Gb‡MÖW n‡”Q g¨vKMÖ wnj dvD‡Ûk‡bi ˆZwi
GKwU AbjvBb Uzj‡mU| GwU ˆZwi Kiv
n‡q‡Q wkÿKiv hv‡Z Zv‡`i †kÖwYKvh©µg
cwiKíbv, cwiPvjbv, Dbœqb I g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨| †kÖwYKÿ e¨e¯’vcbvi
Rb¨ GB A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g Dcw¯’wZi nvi,
†MÖWeB, K¬vm K¨v‡jÛvi, wWmKvkb, Avmb
e¨e¯’vmn bvbv KvR Kiv hvq| Gb‡MÖW-Gi
†miv Ges me‡P‡q kw³kvjx wdPvi n‡”Q
wkÿv_x©‡`i †MÖWeyK e¨e¯’vcbvi cvkvcvwk
Zv‡`i‡K †MÖwWs Kivi Rb¨ bvbviKg myweav|
Avcwb g¨vbyqvwj ev ¯^qswµqfv‡e GKwU
†MÖwWs †¯‹j †mU K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib Zvici
KzBR, G·vg, cÖ‡R± I K¬vm cvwU©wm‡ckbmn
bvbv gvb`Ð e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_x©‡`i Kvh©µg
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GwUi GKwU wd« I‡qe
fvm©b Av‡Q Ges GwU AvBIGm I A¨vÛª‡qW
cøvUd‡g© P‡j|
6| gyWj (Moodle)
gyWj GKwU I‡cb †mvm© wcGBPwcwfwËK
I‡qe A¨vwcø‡Kkb †hwU g~jKZ B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK
AbjvBb †Kvm© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
nq| GB †Kvm© wkÿK I wkÿv_x© Df‡qB †h
†Kv‡bv ¯’vb‡ †_‡K A¨vK‡mm wb‡Z cv‡ib|
GLv‡b Av‡Q bvbviKg jvwb©s †gvW, †hgb
Bb÷ªv±i †jW, †mdj †cmW ev Df‡qi
mswgkÖY| Avevi Av‡Q m¤ú~Y©fv‡e AbivBb
jvwb©s †gvWI| Ab¨ I‡qemvBU †_‡K A¨vmvBb‡g›U
I jvwb©s g¨v‡Uwiqvj wb‡q gyW‡j
Gg‡eW KivI hv‡e| wkÿKiv AMÖmi †MÖwWs
c×wZ e¨envi K‡i wkÿv_x©‡`i †MÖwWs Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb Ges A¨vmvBb‡g›U wbixÿv Kivi Rb¨
bvbv iK‡gi gvK©viI e¨env‡ii my‡hvM Av‡Q|
AvM÷ 2020
23

fvPz©qvj Iqvì©
mg‡qi K‡qKwU †miv †mvk¨vj wgwWqv Uzj
†mŠg¨ P‡Ævcva¨vq
Avcwb wK Avcbvi †mvk¨vj wgwWqv gv‡K©wUs
e„w× Kivi †Póv Ki‡Qb? Avcwb wK Ggb me
DcKi‡Yi mÜv‡b Av‡Qb †h¸‡jv Avcbvi
KvR‡K AviI mnR K‡i †`‡e? we‡klÁ‡`i
civg‡k© GgbB wKQz †miv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM
gv‡K©wUs Uzj GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv nj|
Avcwb hw` mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM AvMÖnx nb
Zvn‡j Gi cÖwZwUB Avcbv‡K bvbvfv‡e
DcK…Z Ki‡e| Avmyb †PvL eywj‡q †bqv hvK|
cÖwZØ›Øx †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb hw` mdj †Kv‡bv
UzBU, †dmeyK ev wjsKWBb †cv÷ cÖKvk
K‡i m‡½ m‡½ Zvi m¤^‡Ü Avcbv‡K Rvwb‡q
†`qv nq| Avi Gfv‡eB mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
fze‡b cÖwZØ›Øx‡`i ZrciZvi †LuvRLei
I we‡kølY Kivi gva¨‡g ivBfvjAvBwKD
Avcbv‡K Ab¨‡`i †P‡q GwM‡q ivL‡e|
2| c‡KU (Pocket)
A¨vc Paper-I|
3| †kqviiæU (ShareRoot)
1| ivBfvjAvBwKD (RivalIQ)
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi fzebwU eoB RwUj|
GLv‡b wVK †Kvb †KŠkj KvR Ki‡e Avi
†KvbwU Ki‡e bv Zv †evSvI KwVb| hviv Pvb
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi fze‡b Zv‡`i wK¬K,
†kqvi I †mvk¨vj wgwWqv Gb‡MR‡g›U‡K
†Rvi`vi Ki‡eb Zv‡`i Rb¨ GwU n‡Z cv‡i
`viæY GKwU Uzj| mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
fze‡b Kx KvR K‡i Avi Kx K‡i bv Zv
Rvb‡Z n‡j GB A¨vbvwjwmm cøvUdg©wU e¨enviKvixi
cÖPzi mgq euvwP‡q †`‡e| aiæb
Avcwb KbwRDgvi †cÖvWv±m weR‡b‡m
Av‡Qb| ivBfvjAvBwKD‡Z †ek K‡qKwU
KbwRDgvi †cÖvWv± †Kv¤úvwb‡K †mU Avc
K‡i wbb, Zvici GKwU ev `ywU wK¬‡Ki
gva¨‡g Avcwb †c‡q hv‡eb Zv‡`i †miv 50wU
†dmeyK †cv÷mn AviI A‡bK ZrciZvi
Lei| d‡j Avcbvi cÖwZØ›Øx‡`i mvgvwRK
†hvMv‡hvM Kg©KvÐ m¤^‡Ü Avcwb `ªæZ †R‡b
†h‡Z cvi‡eb| g~jZ Gi Øviv Avcwb Ggb
Z_¨ cv‡eb hv Avcbvi cÖwZØ›Øx‡`i †P‡q
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi fze‡b Avcbv‡K GwM‡q
_vK‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Gi GKwU AmvaviY
A¨vjvU© dvskbI Av‡Q| Kv‡RB Avcbvi
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi fze‡b me‡P‡q eo
P¨v‡jĸ‡jvi GKwU n‡”Q Kxfv‡e
mvgÄm¨c~Y©fv‡e e¨wZµgx me Kb‡U›U ˆZwi
Kiv hvq| G Kv‡R Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi
Rb¨ GKwU PgrKvi Uzj n‡”Q c‡KU| Av‡M
GwUi bvg wQj wiW BU †jUvi| GwU Avcbv‡K
I‡q‡e Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv bvbv ai‡bi
AvwU©‡Kj cvIqvi I †mf K‡i ivLvi my‡hvM
K‡i †`q| G¸‡jv c‡i Avcwb UzBUvi ev
†dmey‡K †cv÷ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Buffer-Gi
mvnv‡h¨ wkwWDj K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib, Avevi
c‡i Aemi mg‡q wiwfDI Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
c‡KU e¨envi K‡i Avcwb n‡iK iK‡gi
AbjvBb AvwU©‡Kj †mf K‡i †i‡L c‡i
Avcbvi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avcbvi eZ©gvb wm‡÷‡gi mv‡_ Bw›U‡MÖU
Kivi Rb¨ c‡KU-G A‡bK¸‡jv Ackb
Av‡Q: Av‡Q GKwU eªvDRviwfwËK Ackb,
hvi bvg †MUc‡KU (GetPocket), Av‡Q
GKwU †µvg G·‡Ubkb, hvi mv‡_ Av‡Q
UzBUvi Bw›U‡MÖkb Ges mg¯Í Acv‡iUws
wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ Av‡Q GKwU †gvevBj A¨vcI|
GQvovI c‡KU 500-iI †ewk A¨v‡ci m‡½
Bw›U‡MÖU Kiv Av‡Q hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wd¬c‡evW©,
UzBUeU Ges †dmey‡Ki bZzb †gvevBj wiWvi
wc›Uv‡i÷-Gi e¨enviKvix‡`i Rb¨ GKwU
Aj-Bb-Iqvb mjÿ kb n‡”Q †kqviiæU| G‡Z
AšÍfz©³ Av‡Q Ggb A‡bK¸‡jv †mjd mvwf©m
Uzj †h¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi
wc›Uv‡i÷ Kb‡U›U e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv QvovI
wc›Uv‡i÷ Gb‡MR‡g›U I †cÖvWv± †mjm‡K
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡eb| †kqviiæU AšÍZ
mgqmvkÖqx GKwU Uzj, KviY GwU e¨envi
K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi ÔwcbÕ¸‡jv‡K wkwWDj
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GwUi GKwU µm cÖ‡gvkbvj
wcb wµ‡qUiI Av‡Q, Av‡Q †evW© Kvfvi
wµ‡qUi I †dmey‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU wc›Uv‡i÷
U¨ve| d‡j Avcwb Avcbvi †dmeyK
d¨vb‡`i‡K wc›Uv‡i÷ d‡jvqv‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †kqviæ‡Ui †Kvi Uz‡ji `ywU
Ñ Kb‡U÷ g¨v‡bR‡g›U I wc›Uv‡i÷
Uv‡M©‡UW A¨vWfvU©vBwRs-Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avcwb
Avcbvi Gb‡MR‡g›U †iU‡K e„w× Kivi
cvkvcvwk Mfxi Kv‡bKkb AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡eb|
4| cvDUzb (PowToon)
AvM÷ 2020
24

fvPz©qvj Iqvì©
cvDUz‡bi g~j cwiPq wfwWI ˆZwii mnRmij
GKwU Uzj wn‡m‡e| Z‡e cvDUzb wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kivi Av‡M Avmyb GKevi `„wó w`B
BDwUD‡ei w`‡K| KviY fvj K‡bU›U †_‡K
†Kv‡bv jvf †bB hw` Zv †KD bv †`‡L|
A‡b‡KB memgq fvj †Kv‡bv wWwRUvj
gv‡K©wUs my‡hv‡Mi A‡cÿvq _v‡K †hwU Zv‡K
cÖwZØ›Øx‡`i †P‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv mÿgZvq
GwM‡q ivL‡e| BDwUDe G‡ÿ‡Î
BDwUDe-Bb-w÷ªg ai‡bi weÁvcbx Uz‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ G Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q e‡U Z‡e
G‡ÿ‡Î AviI fvj Uzj Av‡Q, Avi Zvi bvg
cvDUzb| fvj gv‡bi wfwWI ˆZwi‡Z cvDUzb
GKwU AmvaviY Uzj wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk
K‡i‡Q Ges GwUi Av‡iKwU BwZevPK w`K
n‡”Q, GwU G‡Kev‡iB wd«| cvDUzb Avcbv‡K
†`‡e GKwU A¨vwb‡g‡UW wfwWI IqvK©‡¯úm
hvi mvnv‡h¨ g‡bi gZ K‡i Avcbvi wbR¯^
wfwWI ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wfkvwbR bv‡g
GKwU †Kv¤úvwb cvDUzb w`‡q wfwWI ˆZwi
K‡i 37 kZvsk gv‡K©U †kqvi e„w× Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡q‡Q| GiKg AviI A‡bK cÖwZôvb
cvDUyb‡K mdjfv‡e e¨Knvi Ki‡Z mÿk
n‡q‡Q| hw` g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q cvDUzb AvqË
K‡ib Zvn‡j Aí K‡qK NÈvi cwikÖ‡g
AmvaviY wKQz ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj (EveryoneSocial)
GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj GiB g‡a¨ A‡b‡Ki wcÖq
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv Uzj wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b
K‡i‡Q| GwU e¨emv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K mvnvh¨
K‡i Zv‡`i Kgx©‡`i †mvk¨vj A¨vgevmvWi
wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡Z| Avi Gfv‡eB
Gme Kgx© Zv‡`i cÖwZôv‡bi †mvk¨vj wgwWqv
÷ª¨v‡UwRi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© As‡k cwiYZ nb| GB
I‡qe mvBUwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡`i mvnvh¨
K‡i Ggb me Kb‡U›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z †h¸‡jv
bvbv mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM mvB‡U Zv‡`i
d‡jvqvi‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GRb¨ Zviv GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj-Gi kw³kvjx
Kb‡U›U wWmKfvwi BwÄb e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GQvov GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj cÖwZôv‡bi
Kgx©‡`i‡K bvbviKg AvwU©‡Kj I I‡qe mvBU
wiK‡gÛ K‡i hv †Kv‡bv †R‡bwiK †dmeyK
†cR ev UzBUvi A¨vKvD›U-Gi PvB‡Z A‡bK
fvjfv‡e cÖwZôv‡bi †mvk¨vj B‡gR‡K DbœZ
K‡i| GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj-G Av‡Q GKwU
kw³kvjx A¨vbvwjwU· BwÄb hvi Øviv Kgx©iv
wK wK †kqvi Ki‡Q Ges wK¬K‡K wKfv‡e
cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Q Zv Uª¨vK Kiv m¤¢e| GgbwK
†kqvwis‡q kxl©¯’vb `Lj Kivi Rb¨ Gi Øviv
Kgx©‡`i G‡K A‡b¨i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kivi
e¨e¯’vI K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i GwU| GfwiIqvb‡mvk¨vj
†mvk¨vj wgwWqvi fze‡b eo ai‡bi
GKwU cwieZ©b wb‡q G‡m‡Q| KviY †mvk¨vj
wgwWqvi wel¨r †Kej †dmeyK †cR, ¸Mj+
†cR ev UzBUvi A¨vKvD›U bq|
†mvk¨vj wgwWqvi fwel¨r e¨w³i ÿgZvq‡bi
Ici wbf©ikxj| Avi Gme e¨w³i g‡a¨ Av‡Q
Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©ivI| Avcwb hwZB
Avcbvi Kgx~‡`i cÖ‡gvU Ges ÿgZvqb
Ki‡eb Ges †mvk¨vj wgwWqvq Zv‡`i
Dcw¯’wZ evov‡eb, †mvk~vj wgwWqvi fze‡b
Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡bi D¾¡j Dcw¯’wZI ZZUvB
wbwðZ n‡e|
6| wfwmUv (vCita)
†mvk¨vj wgwWqv Uzj wn‡m‡e wfwmUv w`bw`b
kw³kvjx n‡”Q| GwU GKwU cøvMBb †hwU
Ihvb-Ab-Iqvb †KviwPs †mk‡bi cvi‡PR I
eywKs †mkb‡K e¨e¯’vcbv K‡i| wfwmUv
wb‡R‡`i ÿz`ª e¨emv cÖwZôv‡bi Rb¨ K¬v‡q›U
Gb‡MR‡g›U cøvUdg© wn‡m‡e cwiPq †`q|
hLb Gi Schedule Now evU‡b wK¬K
Ki‡eb, Avcbv‡K mivmwi wb‡q hvIqv n‡e
GKwU K¨v‡jÛv‡i, †hLv‡b Iqvb-Ab-Iqvb
†mk‡bi Rb¨ †hme w`b I mgq wd« Av‡Q
†m¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡e| wfwmUv Avcbvi ¸Mi
K¨v‡jÛv‡ii mv‡_ WvqbvwgK Dcv‡q wm¼
Ki‡Z cv‡i, Kv‡RB hLbB Avcwb Ggb
†Kv‡bv B‡f›U‡K A¨vW Ki‡eb †hwU Ab¨
†Kv‡bv B‡f‡›Ui mv‡_ wg‡j hvq ev Sv‡gjv
euvavq, wfwmUv ZLb †mwU‡K Avcbvi
K¨v‡jÛvi †_‡K eøK K‡i †`‡e| AvRKvj
Iqvb-IAb-Ihvb †mkb¸‡jv e¨¯Í wbe©vnx‡`i
Rb¨ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q| G Ae¯’vq
wfwmUv-i e¨envi Zv‡`i‡K mg‡qi mwVK
e¨e¯’vcbvq cÖPzi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB
Avi †`wi bv K‡i AvRB e¨envi Ki‡Z ïiæ
Kiæb wfwmUv|
AvM÷ 2020
25

fvPz©qvj Iqvì©
7| AcwUbgb÷vi (OptinMonster)
Avcbvi eø‡Mi B‡gBj mve¯ŒvBevi‡`i
msL¨v‡K e„w× Kiv m¤¢ve¨ Kv÷gvi‡`i mv‡_
m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi AmvaviY GKwU Dcvq
n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wfwRUi‡`i‡K mve¯ŒvBevi
Z_v K¬v‡q‡›U iƒcvšÍi †h LyeB KwVb GKwU
KvR Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB| AcwUbgb÷vi
GKwU IqvW©‡cÖm cøvMBb †hwUi mvnv‡h¨
Avcwb mevi g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©YKvix AcU-Bb
dg© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GB cøvMBbwU LyeB
fvjfv‡e wWRvBb Kiv Ges GwU †_‡K Avcwb
bvbv ai‡bi AcU-Bb e· †c‡Z cv‡ib|
AcwUbgb÷v‡ii me‡P‡q †miv wdPvi¸‡jvi
GKwU n‡”Q, Gi Gw·U Bb‡U›U wdPviwU|
Avcwb Ggb GKwU ccAvc e· ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib †hwU B‡gBj msMÖn Ki‡e, Gici
GwU‡K Ggbfv‡e †mU Avc Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
hv‡Z Avcbvi mvB‡Ui wfwRUi hLbB mvBU
†Q‡o †h‡Z PvB‡e ZLbB GwU Zvi mvg‡b
nvwRi n‡e| AcwUbgb÷vi Avcbvi mvB‡Ui
wfwRU‡ii gvDm c‡q›Uvi‡K gwbUi K‡i Ges
c‡q›Uvi hLb †gBb DB‡Ûvi evB‡i P‡j hvq
ZLbB cc AvcwU G‡m nvwRi nq| GB
cøvMB‡bi †d¬vwUs dzUvi evi I ¯øvBW Bb
e‡·i Rb¨I Ackb Av‡Q|
8| GmGgwKD (smqueue)
eøMwcÖq‡`i Kv‡Q GmGgwKD GKwU RbwcÖq
Uzj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| Avcbvi Rb¨
100-i †ewk eøM †cv÷ AZev Kb‡U›U _v‡K
Zvn‡j Avcwb PvB‡eb w`‡b GKevi ev `yevi
G¸‡jv Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z|
†m‡ÿ‡Î †mvk¨vj wgwWqv †cv÷ ¯^qswµqfv‡e
cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ GmGgwKD e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| G¸‡iA Avcwb UzBUvi, †dmeyK I
wjsKWB‡b †kqvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A‡b‡K
Aek¨ †mvk¨vj wgwWqv‡Z ¯^qswµqfv‡e †h
†Kv‡bv wKPz †cv÷ Kivi K_v ï‡b AvuZ‡K
DV‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e A‡bK mgxÿvq †`Lv
†M‡Q, †mvk¨vj wgwWqv‡Z GKvwaKevi GKB
†cv÷ †kqvi Kiv wKš‘ mvgvwRK gva¨‡gi
fze‡b Avcbvi †cv÷‡K Luy‡R cvIqv‡K mnR
K‡i †`‡e| †cBW †mvk¨vj Qvov †mvk¨vj
wgwWqv gv‡K©Uvi‡`i KvR mwVKfv‡e Ki‡Z
wKš‘ wKQz cwigv‡Y ¯^qswµqKiY `iKvi n‡qB
c‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î P¨v‡jÄ n‡”Q H Kb‡U›U Ges
†mwU †cv÷ Kivi UvBwgs hv‡Z wbfz©j nq †mwU
wbwðZ Kiv| GmGgwKDi mvnv‡h¨ Avcbvi
†cv÷-Gi kã e¨Knvi mwVK n‡”Q wKbv Zv
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GQvov KZ NbNb
GwU‡K Avcwb †cv÷ KiZ‡ Pvb Ges GwUi
KLb Avi †cv÷ Ki‡Z Pvb bv †mwUI wVK
K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡eb| Gi GKwU gvÎ
mxgve×Zv n‡”Q, GKwU jy‡ci gva¨‡g
cybive„wËgqfv‡e †cv÷¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z
n‡j Avcbvi AšÍZ GK‡kvwU Gw›Uª _vK‡Z
n‡e, Zvi Kg n‡j Pj‡e bv|
n‡j Kw¤úDUvi WvUv cybiæ×vi Kiv LyeB
KwVb| mvaviYZ Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW© WªvBf
we‡kl cÖwZiÿv Avei‡Yi g‡a¨ _v‡K, d‡j
GKUz wf‡R †M‡jI GwU e¨envi Dc‡hvMx
_v‡K| Z‡e †ewk wf‡R †M‡j nvW© WªvBfI
e¨env‡ii Abyc‡hvMx n‡q co‡Z cv‡i|
Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv Kw¤úDUvi cvwb‡Z c‡o
†h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi
mgq ev myBwgs cyj ev cyKz‡i cv‡k e‡m
_vK‡j GwU NU‡Z cv‡i| cvwb‡Z covi mgq
Kw¤úDUvi eÜ _vK‡j nqZ ÿwZUv Ac~iYxq
wKQz n‡e bv| Kw¤úDUvi hw` cy‡ivcywi
cvwb‡Z Wz‡e hvq Zvn‡j †mwU‡K c‡i Avevi
Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx Kiv LyeB KwVb n‡q c‡o|
G‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii AšÍZ wKQz AskI hv‡Z
e¨envi Dc‡hvMx ivLv hvq Zv wbwðZ Kivi
Rb¨ hZ `ªæZ m¤¢e G·cvU©‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡q
†h‡Z n‡e|
5| we`ÿ ‡Zi mgm¨v
NbNb we`ÿ r hvIqv ev we`ÿ ‡Zi IVvbvgvI
WvUv j‡mi Ab¨Zg KviY| we`ÿ ‡Zi mgm¨v
hLb Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Aq¨vi ev Acv‡iwUs
wm‡÷g‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i, ZLb Kw¤úDUvi
nVvr K‡i eÜ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges c‡i wieyU
Ki‡Z mgm¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB mgm¨v Avevi
GKwU †PBb wiA¨vKk‡bi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i,
d‡j Avcbvi WvUv nvwi‡q †h‡Z ev e¨envi
Abyc‡hvMx n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| we`ÿ ‡Zi
IVvbvgvI Avcbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ
cvU©‡mi ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi cvIqvi
mvcøvB BDwbU‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Gme mgm¨vi
A‡bK¸‡jv mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i e‡U,
Z‡e nvWAq¨v‡ii Ab¨vb¨ K‡¤úv‡b›UI
ÿwZMÖ¯Í n‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i nvW© WªvBf
g¨vM‡bwUK wdì I †fv‡ë‡R‡i IVvbvgv Øviv
me‡P‡q †ewk ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| wbqwgZ I
¯^qswµqfv‡e e¨vKAv‡ci e¨e¯’v Ki‡j
cvIqvi †dBjÿ iRwbZ mgm¨v¸‡jv `~i Ki‡Z
c‡ib| we`ÿ rRwbZ mgm¨v †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z
BDwcGm e¨envi Kiæb|
AvM÷ 2020
26

Uªvejï¨wUs
Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K gy‡Q †djv dvBj †diZ ‡c‡Z cv‡ib †hfv‡e
dvinvb AvwRg
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i Avgiv KZ KvRB bv
Kwi| KvR Kivi duv‡K duv‡K KLbI Avevi wbQK
G‡jv‡g‡jv evUb Pvwc A‡b‡KB| GB G‡jv‡g‡jv
evUb Pvc‡Z wM‡q A‡bK mgq wKš‘ Avgiv
Kw¤úDUv‡ii A‡bK wKQy G‡jv‡g‡jv K‡i †dwj|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj gy‡Q ‡d‡j
A‡bK‡KB A‡bK wec‡` co‡Z nq| ‡R‡bï‡b
‡Kv‡bv dvBj wWwjU K‡i †djvi ci nVvr ‡mwU
Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Ab¨gb¯‹Zv
A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Yb Avcwb wb‡Ri
ARv‡š—B `iKvix dvBj gy‡Q †dj‡Z cv‡ib|
gy‡Q †djv dvBjUv hw` wimvB‡Kj web G _v‡K
Zvn‡j †mUv‡K wi‡÷vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib mn‡RB,
wKš‘ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y hw` dvBjwU wimvB‡Kj we‡b bv
_v‡K, Zvn‡j? Avcbvi GiKg `ytmg‡q eÜzi nvZ
evov‡Z cv‡i wKQy mdUAq¨vi| mvaviYfv‡e WvUv
wiKfvix mdUAq¨vi bv‡g cwiwPZ GB
mdUAq¨vi¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i nvW© wW¯‹ †_‡K
mivmwi gy‡Q †djv (shift+del) dvBj A_ev
wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K gy‡Q hvIqv dvBjI †diZ
cvIqv m¤¢e|
evRv‡i †hme mdUAq¨v‡ii wmwW cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z
Avcwb G ai‡bi wKQy mdUAq¨vi cv‡eb| Z‡e
G¸‡jv A‡bK mgq †W‡gv ev Uªvqvj fvm©b n‡q
_v‡K e‡j Kv‡Ri †‡Î wKQy mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
Lye Kv‡Ri GB mdUAq¨vi¸‡jv mvaviYZ Lye eo
AvKv‡ii nq bv, ZvB `ªæZMwZi B›Uvi‡bU
e¨enviKvixiv †Zv e‡UB, A‡cvK…Z Kg MwZi
B›Uvi‡bU e¨enviKvixivI G¸‡jv WvDb‡jvW K‡i
wb‡Z cv‡ib B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K| B›Uvi‡b‡U †hme
mdUAIq¨vi cvIqv hvq Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv Uªvqvj ev
†W‡gv fvm©b n‡jI AvR Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev dzj
fvm©b B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K wd« WvDb‡jvW Kiv hvq
Ggb `yÕwU mdUAq¨vi m¤ú‡K©|
wc.wm B݇c±i dvBj wiKfvwi
GB WvUv wiKfvix mdUAq¨viwU d¨vU-12/16/32
(FAT-12/16/32) Ges GbwUGdGm (NTFS)
dvBj wm‡÷‡g KvR Ki‡Z mg| Gi Ab¨Zg
GKUv ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q GwU gy‡Q hvIqv dvBj‡K Zvi
cÖv³b mgq I Zvwi‡Limn wi‡÷vi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
A_©vr Avcbvi gy‡Q †djv †Kv‡bv GKwU IqvW©
WKz‡g›U‡K Avcwb Gi mvnv‡h¨ wi‡÷vi Ki‡j †mB
dvBjwU gy‡Q †djvi Av‡M †h Zvwi‡L, †h mgq GwU
ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jb ZvB Gi †cÖvcvwU©‡R †`Lv‡e| GwU
w`‡q gy‡Q †djvi ci wewfbœ ch©v‡q _vKv dvBj
wi‡÷vi Kiv hvq, GgbwK †nWvi Gw›Uª gy‡Q hvIqv
dvBjI| d¨vU dvBj wm‡÷‡g GwU wbR †_‡KB
cvwU©kb¸‡jv Luy‡R wb‡Z cv‡i| Gi †W‡fjcvi‡`i
‡`qv Z_¨ Abyhvqx eyU †m±i wZMÖ¯— n‡q‡Q
A_ev gy‡Q †M‡Q Ggb cvwU©kb‡KI mdUAq¨viwU
Luy‡R †c‡Z mg| wc.wm B݇c±i dvBj
wiKfvwii i‡q‡Q PgrKvi GKUv BDRvi ‡d«Ûwj
B›Uvi‡dm| GLv‡b WªvBf¸‡jv‡K ¯‹¨vb Kiv nq
Ges wi‡÷vi Kivi Dc‡hvMx dv&Bj¸‡jv‡K
¯^qswµqfv‡e “Deleted” bv‡gi GKwU †dvìv‡i
‡`Lv‡bv nq| GB †dvìvi †_‡K Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv
dvBjwU Avcwb wi‡÷vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
mdUAq¨viwU e¨venv‡ii mgq K‡qKUv e¨vcvi
gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| wVKVvK Pj‡Q Ggb GKUv
DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gB †Kej GwU e¨envi
Kiv hv‡e| †h WªvBf †_‡K WvUv wiKfvi Ki‡Z
Pvb ‡mwU‡Z BÝUj bv K‡i Ab¨ WªvB‡f Ki‡Z
n‡e, me‡P‡q fvj nq m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v GKUv nvW©
wW‡¯‹ Bb÷j Kiv m¤¢e n‡j|
wi‡÷v‡ikb
G mdU&Iq¨viwU e¨envi Kiv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
A‡bK †mvRv| Bb÷j bv K‡iI Avcwb GwU
e¨envi K‡i wimvB‡Kj web ‡_‡K A_ev DB‡ÛvR
†_‡K mivmwi gy‡Q †djv dvBj wd‡i †c‡Z
cv‡ib| GwU I‡cb Kivi ci Avcwb †diZ cvevi
g‡Zv Ae¯’vq Av‡Q Ggb me dvBj LyuR‡Z cv‡ib
A_ev wbw`©ó ‡Kv‡bv bvg A_ev dvBj G·‡Ubkb
e¨envi K‡i dvBj LuyR‡Z cv‡ib| Gi Abb¨
GKwU wdPvi n‡”Q, GwU e¨envi K‡i Avcwb
wiKfvi Kivi g‡Zv Ae¯’vq Av‡Q Ggb dvBj Lyu‡R
†ei K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K Ggbfv‡e gy‡Q †dj‡Z cv‡ib
hv‡Z †m¸‡jv Avi WvUv wiKfvwi mdUAq¨v‡ii
mvnv‡h¨I †diZ cvIqv m¤¢e bv nq| Avcbvi AwZ
†Mvcbxq †Kv‡bv dvBj A‡b¨i nv‡Z civ †_‡K
euvPv‡Z G wdPviwU e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| WvUv
wiKfvwi mdUAq¨vi wn‡m‡e e¨env‡ii cvkvcvwk
GwU‡K ZvB Kvh©Ki GKUv wmwKDwiwU wK¬bAvc Uzj
wn‡m‡eI e¨envi Kiv hvq, hvi gva¨‡g Avcwb
†Kv‡bv dvBj‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e wWwjU Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
mdUAq¨viwU LyeB †QvU Ges Bb÷j Qvov KvR
Kiv m¤¢e e‡j d¬wc wW¯‹ †_‡KI GwU e¨envi Kiv
hvq| GwU d¨vU (FAT),GbwUGdGm (NTFS)
Dfq dvBj wm‡÷‡gB KvR K‡i Ges Gi gva¨‡g
wWwRUvj K¨v‡givi †g‡gvwi KvW© †_‡K gy‡Q †djv
dvBjI wi‡÷vi Kiv hvq|
WvUv wiKfvwi mdUAq¨vi e¨env‡ii wKQy mvaviY
wUcm
1. Avcwb cÖ‡qvRbxq †Kv‡bv dvBj gy‡Q †d‡j‡Qb
eyS‡Z cvivi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kw¤úDUv‡i bv Ki‡jB
bq Ggb KvR Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Kiv †_‡K weiZ
_vKzb| G‡Z Avcbvi dvBjwU AZ Ae¯’vq
†diZ cvevi m¤¢vebv evo‡e|
2. WvUv wiKfvwi mdUAq¨viwU Ab¨ GKwU
Kw¤úDUv‡i WvDb‡jvW Kiæb|
3. wiKfvwi UzjwU GKwU d¬¨vk †g‡gvwi‡Z wb‡q
†mLvb †_‡K KvR Kiæb|
4. AwZwi³ wbivcËv e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e wi‡÷vi Kiv
dvBjwU d¬¨vk WªvB‡f †mf Kiæb|
5. Avcbvi nvW©wW¯‹ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii
mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i WvUv wiKfvi Kivi †‡Î ‡ekx
i¨vg Ges cÖ‡mwms gZvwewkó Kw¤úDUvi †e‡Q
wbb|
6. g‡b ivL‡eb, WvUv wiKfvwi mgqmv‡c GKwU
KvR| ‰ah©¨ G Kv‡R mdjZvi †‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AvM÷ 2020 27

iKgvwi
wb‡Ri KvUz©b PwiÎ ˆZwii Rb¨ mvZwU mvBU
bvwejv BiwZRv
AbjvBb †cÖvdvBj ev AeZv‡ii †ÿ‡Î wb‡Ri
ev¯Íe Qwe e¨env‡i hw` Avcbvi AbvMÖn _v‡K
Zvn‡j wb‡Ri GKwU KvUz©b PwiÎ wKš‘ ˆZwi K‡i
wb‡Z cv‡ib| wb‡Ri AbjvBb †cÖvdvB‡j
wb‡R‡K KvUz©‡bi AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kivi g‡a¨
wKš‘ gRvi GKUv e¨vcvi Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GB
KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv wd« I‡qe mvwf©m
Av‡Q| G Kvi‡Y Avcbvi Avi †Kv‡bv wkíx‡K
cqmv w`‡q G KvRwU Kwi‡q †bqvi `iKvi
†bB| hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv nj, Qwe Avc‡jvW Kiv
A_ev wKQz g¨vwPs I wgw·s‡qi KvR Kiv| GB
†jLvq GiKg K‡qKwU I‡qe mvB‡Ui †LuvR
†`qv nj †h¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Avcwb GB KvRwU
`viæYfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
1| d‡Uv (http://cartoon.pho.to/)
GwU GKwU PgrKvi mvBU †hwU †Kej Avcbvi
j¨vÛ‡¯‹c AvK…wZi d‡Uv¸‡jv‡K IqvUviKvjvi
Wªwqs‡q iƒcvšÍiB Ki‡e bv, Avcbvi †Pnviv‡K
gwd©sI Ki‡e| Avcbv‡K †¯ªd hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv
nj, Avcbvi Qwe‡K I‡qemvB‡U Avc‡jvW
Kiæb Ges †dm-Gi G·‡cÖkv‡b bvbv ai‡bi
cwieZ©b NUvb| Avivg‡m|
2| DBIqvì© (http://www.weeworld.com/)
Iqv‡ì©i †M‡gi fze‡b wb‡R‡K Dc¯’vcb Kivi
Rb¨ Avcbvi GKwU KvUz©b PwiÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| GLv‡b †PvL I Pvgovi iO, my›`i I
gvbvbmB †cvkvK Ges GgbwK nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi
Rb¨ wKQz mvgMÖxI (†hgb AvBmwµg ev Kwd)
nv‡Z ai‡Z cv‡ib| we‡kl K‡i Pz‡ji iO I
bvbviKg †nqvi÷vBj cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨vcviwU‡Z
†ek gRv cv‡eb|
3| wcK Av †dm (https://pickaface.net/create-avatar.html)
GwU A‡b‡KiB wcÖq GKwU I‡qemvBU KviY
G‡Z Av‡Q AvaywbK wWRvBb Avi Kzj me
wdPvi| GB mvB‡U KvUz©b ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨
Avcbv‡K hv KiZ‡ n‡e Zv nj Gi wjs‡K wK¬K
Kiv, I‡qe mvBUwU‡Z hvIqv, †mLv‡b wM‡q
fvlv wbe©vPb Kiv Ges Create Avatar-G wK¬K
Kiv| Gici Avcbvi †PnvivwU wbe©vPb K‡i
wWRvB‡bi KvR ïiæ K‡i w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
4| wgR (http://www.meez.com/)
GwU g~jZ GKwU †mvk¨vj G›Uvi‡UBb‡g›U
I‡qemvBU †hwUi mvnv‡h¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq wb‡Ri
A¨vwb‡g‡bW AeZvi A_ev w_ªwWAvBwW MÖvwd·|
Gi mvnv‡h¨ Avcbvi AeZvi¸‡jv‡K w`‡q
K¨vRyqvj †Mg †Ljv‡Z cvi‡eb, Ges †dmey‡Ki
gZ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM †bUIqv‡K© Kv÷gvBR
Kiv K‡ÿ Zv‡`i‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5| weì B‡qvi IqvBì †mjd (http://www.buildyourwildself.com/)
GwU Ggb GKwU I‡qemvBU †hwU Avcbv‡K
AvÿwiK A‡_©B IqvBì ev ey‡bv n‡q IVvi
my‡hvM †`q| GwUi mvnv‡h¨ wb‡Ri GKwU KvUz©b
PwiÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, hv‡Z _vK‡e
kix‡ii bvbv As‡ki ey‡bv iƒc| †hgb, Avcwb
gvby‡li mvaviY ewW cvU©m-Gi cwie‡Z© wewfbœ
Rš‘i kix‡ii Ask hy³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †`Lyb,
Gi d‡j e¨vcviUv †Kgb `uvovq|
6| †gvib †dm (http://www.moronface.com/)
hv‡K AcQ›` Zv‡K A‡bKmgq moron e‡j
Mvwj †`qvi GKUv e¨vcvi Av‡Q Bs‡iwR‡Z|
†gvib †dm bv‡gi GB mvBUwU‡Z wVK wb‡R‡K
KvUz©bvBR Kiv nq bv, Z‡e †Pnvivi GLv‡b
ILv‡b GKUz Sv‡gjv ˆZwi K‡i †`qv nq| Avi
Gfv‡eB wb‡Ri ev eÜzev܇ei gRvi †Pnviv
ˆZwi Kiv hvq| GwU‡Z †d«k Qwe Avc‡jvW K‡i
Zvi m‡½ bvbv ai‡bi B‡d± hy³ K‡i Dc‡fvM
Kiv hvq wbg©j Avb›`|
7| †cv‡Uª©BU Bjvm‡Uªkb †gKvi (http://il-
lustmaker.abi-station.com/index-
_en.shtml)
GwU GKwU `viæY KvUz©b I AeZvi ˆZwii mvBU
†hwU Aí mg‡qB †ek RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Z
mÿg n‡q‡Q| GwUi "Randomizer" evU‡b
wK¬K Kiæb Ges mvBUwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e ˆ`ePq‡-
bi wfwˇZ, gv‡b i¨vbWgfv‡e AeZvi ˆZwi
K‡i †dj‡e| Gici GwUi Ici ivBU wK¬K K‡i
AeZvi B‡gR‡K †mf Ki‡Z cv‡ib Kb‡U·U
†gbÿ †_‡K Save Image As AckbwU †e‡Q
wb‡q|
AvM÷ 2020 28

B-Iqvì
I‡qe mvBU‡K RbwcÖq Kivi Dcvq
bvwejv BiwZRv
AvRKvjKvi GB `ywbqv †h †bU `ywbqv Ges
Avgiv mevB ‡h wmwU‡Rb-Gi e`‡j Av‡¯Í
Av‡¯Í n‡q D‡VwQ cy‡iv`¯‘i †bwU‡Rb †mB
K_vwU Vv‡i †Vv‡i †Zv e‡UB, mivmwiI
A‡b‡KB Avcbv‡K ej‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q GUv
Avgiv mn‡RB AvuP Ki‡Z cviwQ| Zvi
PvB‡ZI eo K_v n‡”Q, cvwb‡Z bvg‡j †hgb
Mv wfR‡eB, ev VvÛv nvIqvq evB‡i †eiæ‡j
†h wbwðZfv‡eB †mB nvIqvi AvuP Avcbvi
cÖv‡Y g‡b jvM‡e †m e¨vcv‡i †hgb †Kv‡bv
m‡›`n †bB †Zgwb AvR‡Ki GB †bU hy‡Mi
VvÛv nvIqvi cik Avcbvi Mv‡q †h GKUz
AvaUz wb‡Ri ARv‡šÍB G‡m jvM‡Qbv GUv
Avcwb njd K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡ebbv wbðqB|
Avi GLv‡b G‡mB cÖvmw½K Av‡iv A‡bK
K_vB P‡j Av‡m|
GB hyMUv †bU-Gi| GB hyMUv I‡qe-Gi|
Av‡M GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi m‡½ ‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi
gva¨g wQj Kx? wbwðZfv‡eB wPwVcÎ|
Zvici †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw` BZvw`| wKš‘ GB
†bU hy‡M B›Uvi‡bU Avi B‡gBj BZ¨vw`
BZ¨vw`i Avwef©v‡ei d‡j †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cy‡iv
e¨vcviUvB †Kgb †hb Abvqvm Avi G‡Kev-
‡iB Ab¨iKg n‡q †M‡Q| †hvMv‡hvM GLb
n‡q D‡V‡Q wewjqb Wjv‡ii GKUv wkí| Ges
GB wk‡í Kuvwo Kuvwo UvKv wewb‡qvM Kivi gZ
†jv‡Ki Afve n‡”Qbv †gv‡UB| e¨emv
evwY‡R¨i K_vB aiæb| Avcwb GKUv †`vKvb
Ly‡j e‡m‡Qb Ges †mB †`vKv‡b gvbylRb
G‡m wRwblcÎ †`‡L ï‡b †KbvKvUv K‡i P‡j
hv‡”Q, GB n‡”Q mvaviY e¨emv evwYR¨ m¤^‡Ü
Avgv‡`i cÖ_vMZ aviYv| wKš‘ gykwKj n‡”Q
cÖ_vMZ Avw½‡K Avi †h †Kv‡bv wKQyB Pj‡Z
PvB‡Qbv| Avi G Kvi‡YB AvR Kvb cvZ‡jB
Avcwb Avwg ïb‡Z cvw”Q B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm©
ev B-evwYR¨ bv‡g GK A¢yZ kã|
B‡jKUªwbK gva¨‡g e¨emv Kiv, Avi †mB
e¨emvq N‡i e‡m †_‡KB Kuvwo Kuvwo UvKv ev
Wjvi Kvgv‡bvi K_v wbwðZfv‡eB †Kv‡bv
iƒcK_v ev Mí Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ bq| GwU
GLb Av‡gwiKv, BD‡ivc Avi Rvcv‡bi MÛx
Qvwo‡q Avgvi Avcbvi N‡ii cv‡ki †Q‡jUvi
Rxe‡bI Av‡jv †d‡j‡Q| NU‡Q GKvšÍB
¯^vfvweK NUbv wn‡m‡e| Avwg e¨emv Kie,
PvKix Kie, f¨vb M‡Mi ev Rqbyj Av‡ew`‡-
bi Qwei wbjv‡g Ask wb‡q †mUv wK‡bI
†dje, Avwg †m›U gvwU©‡bi BwZnvm I HwZn¨
m¤^‡Ü Rvbe A_P Avgv‡K wb‡Ri N‡ii
evB‡i GK cvI †dj‡Z n‡”Qbv| GB NUbv
m¤¢e Ki‡Z cvi‡Q GB wWRUvj †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
wekvj wecøeB| Avwg ¯^”Q‡›` GKewU I‡qe
mvBU Ly‡j e‡m Avgvi e¨emv ev evwYR¨ hvB
ejyb †mUv †hgb Pvjvw”Q †Zgwb Zvi m‡½
KiwQ Av‡iv nvRviUv KvR| AvR A‡bK
†Q‡j †QvKiviI wbR¯^ I‡qe mvBU Av‡Q Ges
†mB mvB‡Ui gva¨‡gB †m PvB‡j mvaviY
†hvMv‡hvM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Ki‡Z cvi‡Q
e¨emv evwYR¨I | n¨v, B‡”Q Ki‡jB, Ges
B‡”Qi m‡½ GKUz cÖ¯‘wZ Avi Aa¨emvq †hvM
Ki‡jB| wKš‘ Avcbvi hw` wbR¯^ cY¨ ev
†mev‡K cÖ‡gvU Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv I‡qe mvBU
_v‡K Ges †mB I‡qe mvB‡U cÖPzi wfwRUi
G‡m wfo RgvK GB hw` nq Avcbvi D‡Ïk¨,
Zvn‡j †Kvb c‡_ G‡Mv‡eb GB †Zv fve‡Qb?
fvebvi wKQy †bB| Avcbvi wbR¯^ I‡qe
mvB‡U AwaK msL¨K wfwRUi‡K AvK…ó K‡i
Avcbvi cY¨ ev †mevi e¨emvUv‡K wKfv‡e
Av‡iv RgRgvU K‡i Zzi‡eb ZviB wVKzwR
KzjwR wb‡q Avi mnR mvaviY wKQy wbqg
Kvbyb wb‡qB Avgv‡`i GB wbeÜ|
hv‡`i e¨emvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbR¯^ I‡qe mvBU
Av‡Q Zv‡`i m‡½ wKQyY K_v ej‡jB
Avcwb †Lqvj Ki‡eb Zv‡`i mevi GKUvB
wPšÍv, Avi Zv n‡”Q wb‡Ri mvB‡U wKfv‡e
wfwRU‡ii msL¨v evov‡e †mwU| GwU
wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU RbwcÖq welq, Ges mvBU
†W‡fjcvi ev B-Kgvm© D‡`¨v³v‡`i Av‡jvPbvq
GwU cÖvqkB Ny‡iwd‡i Avm‡Z †`L‡eb|
GwU Ki‡Z n‡j wK Ki‡Z n‡e Avmyb †m¸‡-
jvB †R‡b †bqv hvK|
Avcbvi PjwZ weÁvc‡b Avcbvi I‡qe
mvBU‡K cÖ‡gvU Kiæb
mevi Av‡M Avcbv‡K †h KqwU KvR Ki‡Z
n‡e Zvi g‡a¨ GK bv¤^v‡i †h KvRwUi K_v
Av‡m †mwU nj Avcbvi I‡qe mvBUwUi
wVKvbv me RvqMvq, ej‡Z cv‡ib †hLv‡b
†mLv‡b Qwo‡q †`qv| mviv we‡k¦B GB †KŠkjwU
†`L‡eb LyeB e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Bswjk
wcÖwgqvi wj‡Mi †Ljv ejyb ev †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv
†Nvov ev KzKy‡ii †im n‡”Q, †hLv‡bB `„wó
w`b, †`L‡eb †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv GKUv I‡qe
A¨v‡Wªm Lye cwi¯‹vifv‡e weÁvwcZ n‡”Q|
AvcwbI ZvB Kiæb| Avcbvi weR‡bm KvW©,
†h †Kv‡bv †÷kbvix, g~w`ªZ weÁvcb,
eªwkDi, c‡Y¨i WKz‡g›U ev Avi †Kv‡bv
Z_¨vw`, †gBwjs †j‡ej, Lvg, Uzwc, R¨v‡KU,
Pvwei wis me©ÎB Avcbvi I‡qe mvBUwUi
A¨v‡WªmwU Qwo‡q w`b| gvbyl †hb wb‡Ri
B‡”Qi weiæ‡× n‡jI GB mvBUwUi A¨v‡Wªm
wb‡Ri Ae‡PZb g‡b †Mu‡_ †bq †mB e¨e¯’v
Kiæb| †Uwjwfk‡b Avcbvi †Kv¤úvwbi
Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i weÁvcb A_ev †iwWI‡Z
cÖPvwiZ ¯ú‡U I‡qe A¨v‡WªmwU gvbyl‡K
evievi Rvwb‡q w`b| GQvovI fyj‡eb bv
wej‡evW©, e¨vbvi, evwYR¨ †gjvq cÖPvwiZ
AvM÷ 2020
29

B-Iqvì
wewfbœ DcKiY, Mvwo‡Nvov BZ¨vw` gva¨‡gi
K_vI| †gvÏv K_v nj, wVKvbvwU Qwo‡q w`b
hÎZÎ, Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P| Z‡e wbwðZfv‡eB
ejv hvq, †Kej GB Ki‡jB Avcbvi I‡qe
mvB‡U gvbyl †h ûgwo †L‡q co‡e †mwUI
bq| Z‡e GwU †h Avcbvi mvB‡U gvby‡li
wfo evov‡bvi Rb¨ Avcwb Ab¨ †hme †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡eb †m¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx
Ki‡e †m e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| hw`
Avcwb wmwiqvmwj Pvb Avcbvi mvB‡U gvby‡li
wfo evov‡Z Zvn‡j Avcbv‡K Av‡iv `y GKUv
KvR Ki‡Z n‡e| †m¸‡jvi cÖm‡½B Gevi AvmwQ|
Avcbvi I‡qe mvBU‡K cÖ‡gvU Kivi Rb¨
we‡kl weÁvcb wWRvBb Kiæb
Avcbvi I‡qe mvBU‡K mv`viY GKwU e¨emv
MšÍe¨, †hgb GKwU mycvi gv‡K©U ev GKwU
wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷v‡ii gZ K‡i wPšÍv Kiæb|
Avcwb nqZ cÖ_g w`‡KB AZ †ewk
wfwRUi‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv, cÖ_g
w`‡K nqZ GKRb `yRb K‡iB wfwRUi Avmv
ïiæ Ki‡e, wKš‘ hZB mgq Mov‡e †`L‡eb
Avcbvi †KŠkj KvR w`‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ges
GKRb `yRb K‡i Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í Avcbvi I‡qe
mvB‡U wfwRU‡ii msL¨v †KejB evo‡Q|
†Kej ÔAvgvi GB mvBU e¨emvi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©
cÖ¯‘ZÕ UvB‡ci fvlY ev evYx w`‡jB †h gvbyl
jvBb a‡i mvBU w©fwRU Kiv ïiæ Ki‡e †mwU
fve‡eb bv| Zv‡`i‡K Avcbvi mvBU ch©šÍ
Avb‡Z n‡j Avcbv‡KB D‡`¨vMx f~wgKv wb‡q
gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b GKUv K_vB ejv
hvh: I‡qe UªvwdK evov‡bvi Rb¨ mivmwi
mvov cvIqv hvq ev wfwRUi‡`i mivmwi
AvKl©Y Kiv hvq GiKg †Kv‡bv Dcv‡qi
K_vB Avcbv‡K fve‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Avcbv‡K
GKwU Advi w`‡Z n‡e, Ggb wKQy hv
Avcbvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡j wfwRUiiv †c‡Z
cvi‡e| GiKg GKUv Advi w`b Ges
Zvn‡jB †`L‡eb Zv‡`i MwZRoZv †K‡U
hv‡”Q Ges Zviv wb‡RivB Avcbvi mvBU
wfwRU Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨vMx n‡”Q| Gevi
Avmyb GB Adv‡ii aib wK n‡Z cv‡i ‡m
e¨vcv‡i Avgiv GKUz fvebv wPšÍv K‡i †`wL|
GKwU Ry‡qjvwi †÷v‡ii K_vB aiæb| Zviv
Ggb †NvlYv w`‡Z cv‡i †h, Zv‡`i mvB‡U
weÁvcbwU †`Lvi ci cÖ_g †h cÂvk Rb
wfwRUi †iwR÷vi Ki‡eb (†iwR÷vi Kivi
mgq weÁvcbwU †h Zviv Avm‡jB †`‡L‡Q
†mwU cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K GKwU †KvW
ev ‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi ms‡KZ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z
n‡e)| GQvovI †Kv‡bv wi‡qj G‡÷U
†Kv¤úvwb nqZ Zvi eªwkD‡i wjL‡Z cv‡i:
Avgv‡`i mvBU wfwRU K‡i Rvbyb wKfv‡e
Avcbvi bvMv‡ji g‡a¨ `v‡g †c‡Z cv‡ib
Avcbvi ¯^‡cœi evwowUÕ, BZ¨vw`| GKRb
LyPiv we‡µZv nqZ cY¨‡K we‡b cqmvq
†µZvi Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bvi Advi w`‡Z cv‡ib|
GLv‡b g~j AvBwWqvwU wK †mwU eyS‡Z n‡e|
we‡b cqmvq †µZv‡K cÖPzi gvj mvgvb awi‡q
†`qv Gi gyL¨ D‡Ïk¨ bq| GLv‡b gyL¨
D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q †µZvi cÖv_wgK RoZvwU
KvwU‡q Zv‡K Avcbvi mvB‡U wb‡q Avmv,
Avcbvi mvBU evievi wfwRU Kivq DØy×
Kiv| GKevi AdviwU wK †`‡eb †mwU wVK
K‡i †djvi ci evKx KvRwU †ek †mvRv:
ÒAvmyb Avgv‡`i I‡qe mvB‡U, Ges wb‡RB
hvPvB K‡i wbb evKx meÓ|
GQvovI Avcwb Ggb †Kv‡bv †gKvwbRgI
†i‡L w`‡Z cv‡ib hv‡Z Avcbvi weÁvc‡bi
d‡j wK cÖfve co‡Q †mwU wb‡R hvPvB evQvB
K‡i wb‡Z cvi‡eb| nqZ Avcwb GKwU
we‡kl †KvW wVK K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib †hwU
Avcbvi GB cY¨ ev †mevi AdviwU MÖnY
Kivi mgq †µZv‡K UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e|
GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h Avcwb Zv‡`i‡K †Kej
Avcbvi mvB‡Ui GB cÖ‡gvkv‡bi Kv‡Ri
Rb¨B ˆZwi Kiv GKwU we‡kl mvB‡UI
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| †hfv‡eB GB KvRwU
Kiæbbv †Kb, Avcbvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ GwU
Rvbvi e¨e¯’v Kiæb †h cÖwZwU Kv‡÷vgviB
GKwU wbw`©ó weÁvcb †`‡L Avcbvi mvBU
wfwRU Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q| n‡Z cv‡i †mwU
cwÎKvi weÁvcb, n‡Z cv‡i †mwU wej‡evW©,
n‡Z cv‡i †gBwjs wj÷| Avcbvi mvBU
m¤^‡Ü †m †Kv‡Ì‡K Rvbj GwU Rvbvi GKUv
e¨e¯’v ivLvUv Avcbvi Rb¨B Riæix| G‡Z
K‡i Avcwb Avcbvi weÁvc‡bi Zzjbvg~jK
Kvh©KvwiZv m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
gyd‡Z wKQy GKUv w`‡q w`b
we‡b cqmvi wd« wMdU †K bv Pvq! gyd‡Z wKQy
GKUv wewj‡q w`‡q mvB‡U wfwRUi‡`i
Avbv‡Mvbv †ek A‡bKUvB evwo‡q †bqv m¤¢e|
GLb †Kvb wRwblUv †h cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e e¨enviKvix
ev wfwRUi‡`i gv‡S wewj‡q †`‡eb
†mwU wVK Ki‡eb AvcwbB| GwUi aibwU
wbf©i K‡i Avcbvi e¨emvi aib ev D‡Ï‡k¨i
Ici| GwU n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Wvqvg‡Ûi
AvswU, Avevi n‡Z cv‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kv‡bv
wimvP© wi‡cvU©| Z‡e hvB Kiæbbv †Kb,
wfwRUiiv †hb Zv‡`i B‡gBj wVKvbv †i‡L
hvq †mwU wbwðZ Ki‡eb| Zv‡`i bvg ivLv
†M‡jI fvj| GLv‡b †h K_vUv g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e Zv nj: Avcwb hZ †ewk PvB‡eb ZZ Kg
cv‡eb| Avcwb hw` wfwRUi‡`i KvQ †_‡K
†ewk Pvb Zvn‡j wKš‘ ZZ Kg wfwRUi
cv‡eb| Avi hw` Kg Z_¨ ev Ab¨ wKQy Pvb
Zvn‡j ¯^fveZB wfwRU‡ii msL¨vI ‡ewk n‡e|
AbjvBb Uzjm e¨envi Kiv
Avcwb wewfbœ Ab-jvBb Uzjm e¨envi K‡iI
Avcbvi e¨emv‡K m¤cÖmvwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
Gme Ab-jvBb Uz‡ji g‡a¨ Av‡Q mvP© BwÄb,
e¨vbvi A¨vWm, wjsK G·‡PÄ, e¨vbvi
G·‡PÄ Ges BDR‡bU| Avgiv A‡b‡KB GB
wRwblwU Rvwb †h c„w_exi †miv †miv me mvP©
BwćbB Avcbvi mvB‡Ui †LuvRLei AšÍfy©³
Kiv m¤¢e| GLv‡b g~j inm¨Uv Avi wKQyB
bq, GB inm¨ wbwnZ Av‡Q mZK©Zvi mv‡_
jvMmB wKIqvW© evQvB Kiv Ges †mme
wKIqvW© Avcbvi I‡qe †cR-Gi mwVK me
RvqMv‡Z ewm‡q †`qv| GLv‡b mwVK wK
IqvW© evQvB Ki‡Z cvivi g‡a¨B Avmj KvR
A‡a©KUv †m‡i †djv hv‡e| Avcwb hw`
mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Avcbvi mvB‡Ui UvB‡Uj,
wewfbœ Qwei K¨vckvb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wk‡ivbv‡g
wKIqvW©¸‡jv emvb Zvn‡j †mB me
wKIqv‡W©i e‡`Šj‡Z Avcbvi mvB‡Ui Lei
fvj fvj mg¯Í mvP© Bwćb Qwo‡q co‡e|
GQvovI Avcwb BDR‡bUI e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| BDR‡bU Avi wKQyB bq, GwU GKwU
wekvjvK…wZ ey‡jwUb †evW© †hLv‡b B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
fyeb †_‡K mg¯Í gvbyl wewfbœ †g‡mR †cv÷
K‡i Ges Zvi wicøvB †`q| GLv‡b BDR‡bU
†h Kvi‡Y †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †mwU n‡”Q GwU
wewfbœ B›Uv‡i÷ MÖæ‡c wef³| d‡j Avcbvi
mvB‡Ui aib hvB †nvK bv †Kb Zvi Rb¨
AvMÖnx BDR‡bU MÖæcwU‡K Luy‡R †c‡jB
Avcbvi KvR mviv|
AvM÷ 2020
30

wPÎwewPÎ
we¯§qhš¿ Kw¤úDUvi
†mŠg¨ P‡Ævcva¨vq
Kw¤úDUvi bv‡gi Avgv‡`i AwZ cwiwPZ
hš¿wU‡K †KD hw` Av`i K‡i g¨vwRK e· ev
hv`yi ev· e‡jb Zvn‡i AvcwË Kivi wKQy
_vK‡e wK? Avcwb hw` GKw`bI GB hš¿wU
e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Avgvi wek¦vm
Avcbvi DËi n‡e: bv| AvcwË Kivi wKQy
_vK‡ebv| Kw¤úDUvi hw` g¨vwRK e· ev
IqvÛvi †gwkb bv nq Zvn‡j Avi †Kv‡bv
h‡š¿i GB bvg `vex Kivi †hvM¨Zv Av‡Q wKbv
Avgvi AšÍZ †Nvi m‡›`n Av‡Q|
GB hš¿wUi Kg©Kv‡Ûi G‡Kev‡i †gŠwjK
bxwZgvjv hw` Avcwb wePvi Ki‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j
†`L‡Z cv‡eb, GwU wKQy †gKvwbK¨vj cvU©m,
B‡jKUªbm, †dvUb, †Kvqv›Uvg cvwU©‡Kjm
BZ¨vw`i bvovPvov (gyf‡g›U)-i gva¨‡g Zvi
Kg©KvÛ m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K| hw`I wewfbœ
ai‡bi A‡b¸‡jv cÖhyw³i Ici fi K‡i
Kw¤úDUvi bv‡gi hš¿wU Avwe®K…Z ev ˆZwi
n‡h‡Q ZviciI, Avgiv RbwcÖq †h mg¯Í
Kw¤úDUvi‡K wPwb Zvi cÖvq me¸‡jvB g~jZ
B‡jKUªwb· K‡¤úv‡b›U-Gi Ici wfwË K‡iB
KvR K‡i _v‡K| Kw¤úDUvi †h mgm¨vwU‡K
mgvavb Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q †mwUi mivmwi
g‡Wj ˆZwi K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ †mB
mgm¨vwUi G‡Kev‡i ev¯Íeagx© GKwU g¨vwcs ev
gvbwPÎ cÖ¯‘ZKiY Kg© m¤úbœ nq| D`vni-
Y¯^iƒc, GKwU euv‡ai cvwbi cÖev‡ni g‡Wj
ˆZwii Rb¨ B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn‡K e¨envi Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i| 1960-Gi `k‡K GiKg A¨vbvjM
Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨vcK cÖPjb wQj| wKš‘
GLb Avi GiKg Kw¤úDwUs cÖhyw³i †Kv‡bv
cÖPjb †bB| AvR‡Ki w`‡bi †ewki fvM
Kw¤úDUv‡i †h mgm¨vwU‡K mgvavb Kiv n‡e
†mwU‡K cÖ_‡g MvwYwZK wewfbœ c‡` Abyev`
K‡i †bqv nq| GRb¨ cÖvmw½K mg¯Í Z_¨‡K
evBbvix wfwËK wØ-mvswL¨K (1 Ges 0)
wbDgvwiK¨vj wm‡÷‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i †bqv
nq| Gici H Z‡_¨i m‡½ cÖvmw½K mg¯Í
Kg©KvЇK mnR eywjqvb Gj‡Reivq
iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq|
Gici B‡jKUªwbK mvwK©U e¨envi K‡i
eywjqvb Acv‡ikb‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|
‡h‡nZz cÖvq me MvwYwZK KvRB eywjqvb
Acv‡ik‡b cwiewZ©Z K‡i †bqv hvq †m‡nZz
GKwU †gvUvgywU `ª“ZMwZi B‡jKUªwbK
Kw¤úDUvi †ewki fvM MvwYwZK mgm¨v‡KB
mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi GB †gŠwjK
AvBwWqv‡K wN‡iB wKš‘ M‡o D‡V‡Q AvR‡Ki
wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUv‡ii ZË¡| G Kvi‡YB m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q AvR‡Ki me© kw³kvjx wWwRUvj
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avwe®‹vi| GB ZË¡‡K me©cÖ_g
wPwýZ Ges we‡klY K‡ib K¬` k¨vbb bv‡g
GK Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx| GLv‡b †R‡b ivLv
fvj †h Kw¤úDUvi wKš‘ mg¯Í MvwYwZK
mgm¨v‡K mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| A¨vjvb
UzwisB me©cÖ_g Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Kw¤úDUvi
†Kvb †Kvb MvwYwZK mgm¨v‡K mgvavb Ki‡Z
cv‡i Avi †Kvb †Kvb mgm¨vi mgvavb Gi
AvIZvi evB‡i| Avi GB Ki‡Z wM‡qB wZwb
ZvwË¡K ev w_I‡iwUK¨vj Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ
AvM÷ 2020
31

wPÎwewPÎ
Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| Kw¤úDUvi GKevi mgm¨v‡K
wnmve wbKvk K‡i †dj‡j Gi djvdjwU
Aek¨B †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv AvDUcyU
wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g BDRvi‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z
n‡e| GwU n‡Z cv‡i jvBU evj¦, GjBwW,
gwbUi ev wcÖ›Uvi|
hviv bZzb bZzb Kw¤úDUvi e¨envii Ki‡Q ev
we‡kl K‡i wkïiv wKš‘ cÖvqkB fy‡j hvq †h ev
Abyaveb Ki‡Z e¨_© nq †h Kw¤úDUvi †mªd
GKwU †gwkb, GwU wb‡R †_‡K †gv‡UB †Kv‡bv
wPšÍvfvebv Kiv ev Dcjwä Kivi KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡ibv| Avi G Kvi‡YB †m †h mg¯Í kã ev
K_v ev Qwe cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q †m †h †mme ÔeyS‡QÕ
†mwUI wVK bq| Kw¤úDUvi hv Ki‡Q Zv nj
Av‡M †_‡K wVK K‡i ivLv wb‡`©kvejx
AbymiY K‡i wbw`©ó Q‡K †mwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q|
Avgv‡`i gvbe gw¯Í¯‹B n‡”Q †mB Avmj
Rv`yKix hš¿ †hwU Kw¤úDUvi cÖ`Ë †mme is.
†iLv ev AvKvi †_‡K GKwU wbw`©ó A_©‡evaK
Z_¨ †R‡b wb‡”Q ev Abyaveb Ki‡Q| gvby‡li
GB †h gZv, hvi e‡j gvbyl ïay †h
Kw¤úDUvi cÖ`Ë Z_¨vejx Dcjwä ev we‡klY
Ki‡Q ZvB bq, Kw¤úDUv‡ii gZ RwUj hš¿I
ni`g ˆZwi K‡i hv‡”Q, †mB AmvaviY
gZv‡K bKj Ki‡Z cv‡i ev AbyKiY
Ki‡Z cv‡i GiKg ‡Kv‡bv mdj ev Kvh©Ki
wm‡÷g wKš‘ AvR Awã Avwe¯‹…Z nqwb|
A_P Kw¤úDUvi GB kãwU w`‡q wKš‘ Av‡M
‡Kv‡bv hš¿‡K (†hgb Avgiv AvR eywS)
†evSv‡bv nZbv| GB k‡ãi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv
nZ GKRb gvbyl‡K †h wKbv †MvYv ¸bwZi
KvR fvj Ki‡Z cviZ| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡”Q,
GLbI Kw¤úDUvi k‡ãi GB gv‡bwU cÖPwjZ
Av‡Q| Z‡e gvwK©b hy³ivóª Ges e„‡Ubmn
mviv c„w_ex‡ZB GB k‡ãi cÖPjb GLb w`b
w`b K‡g Avm‡Q, †hLv‡b †gvUvgywU Aa©
kZvãx Av‡M GB kãwU gv‡b g~jZ †evSvZ
GKRb gvbyl‡K whwb †MvYv¸bwZi KvR fvj
cv‡ib| A‡·‡dvW© Bswjk wWKkbvwi‡Z
1897 mvj‡K cwi¯‹vifv‡e wb‡`©k Kiv
n‡q‡Q †mB mvj wn‡m‡e hLb gvby‡li e`‡j
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AvM÷ 2020
35

English Section
How to Help Your Kids Survive Distance Learning
Online lessons don't have to be a win-or-lose battle
S.E. Slack
Any parent will tell you that going
back to school in the fall is traditionally
an exciting time; maybe
not so much for kids but definitely
for many parents. COVID-19
complications, however, mean the
phrase 'exciting' isn't exactly
bouncing off anyone's lips this
fall.
With many schools navigating
continual closures as the school
year begins, parents are scrambling
to figure out learning
options for their children. Many
will be heading back to school
online, which is tough on both
kids and parents alike. Students
will have completely different
online learning experiences stemming
from internet access.
For the most part, however, technology
can be used for good if
you're not afraid to think outside
the box.
Why Distance Learning is Hard
for Kids... and Parents, too
Spring 2020 saw most schools and
parents scrambling to implement
what experts call crisis schooling:
A loose, hastily-organized
approach to online learning that
requires parents to be part teacher,
part coach, part parent, part
enforcer.
Distance learning, on the other
hand, is a more organized
approach that, in some ways, is
fairly rigid and requires a lot of
screen time for kids.
Too many parents who participated
in crisis schooling a few
months ago are not exactly confident
that they'll be able to manage
true distance learning any better
than they did crisis schooling.
Kids are equally wary and with
good reason.
It's hard enough for adults to sit
still, stare at a computer, and focus
on what's being said by a remote
face. Multiply that by ten or so
and you might come close to
understanding how a kid feels.
It all comes down to the obvious
fact that the intersection of home,
school, and work isn't always a
calm one. The good news is that
there are several ways you can
help your child–and yourself–combat
distance learning
fatigue this year before it sets in.
How to Ace Distance Learning
First, take a deep breath. There are
many ways to help children
manage distance learning; these
ideas will help you focus on the
technical aspects of it.
1. Create a school space that
reduces distractions as much as
possible. While this is tough in
most home environments, you can
still steal some ideas from home
office layouts.
Consider what's behind the child,
too, and be as thoughtful as you
can. The less a child worries about
explaining to the other kids why
there is laundry all over the couch,
the more relaxed they will be. You
wouldn't want to explain that to
your boss either, would you?
2. Adjust your child's computer
settings to reduce blue light emissions
as much as possible. Blue
light can cause sleep problems and
eye strain, which we all know
leads to shorter tempers. You can
activate Windows 10 Night Light
mode if you have a PC or use a
blue light filter on other computers
or laptops.
cieZ©x Ask 38 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
36

Must Have Features for an eCommerce Website
Vivek Kumar
English Section
Mobile-based eCommerce websites
are quickly being supplanted
by a business or native eCommerce
companies. While the
simplicity of purchasing on the
web initially prodded the development
of eCommerce, it is the
mobile eCommerce applications
that are driving that development
story further. Regardless of
purchases from online stores
utilizing mobile programs or
through a mobile eCommerce
application, the purchasing
propensities for customers have
been changed by mobile phones.
As per data analyzed by Outer-
Box, a staggering number of 62%
of mobile phone clients have
made in any event one buy over
the most recent half-year utilizing
their handheld gadget. Before a
year ago, eCommerce income
made up 10% of the absolute retail
income. As a comparative report
brought up that eCommerce SEO
services, 80% of purchasers in a
single way or the other utilized
their handheld gadgets while
shopping from a physical store.
In this blog, we are going to
discuss the most sought or highly
demanded features in an eCommerce
mobile app.
Sophisticated Product Filter
and Search Alternatives
Besides an uncluttered interface,
channels are an unquestionable
requirement for making shopping
simpler for the clients. The
educated age of customers leans
towards voice search choices.
Since the year 2016, there has
been an expansion in voice-oriented
search results. The explanation
of being a dull route is the greatest
disadvantage for the clients.
Counting this speedy hunt, an
alternative is another approach to
hold and draw in new clients to the
checkout page.
Multi-Lingual and Multi-Currency
Support
The entire thought of overhauling
the site to a mobile stage is to
confine the site and make it available
to a bigger crowd base effortlessly
or location-based. The multilingual
and multi-money support
is one of the fundamentals of
limiting your business. Also, the
nations that utilize RTL composing
styles, particularly the Gulf
nations, have seen an ongoing lift
in the number of online customers.
In this manner, the mobile
applications should offer multilingual
RTL support alongside
multi-cash similarity. The mobile
application developer offered by
Knowland and other such organizations
offers an easy interface
that bolsters both RTL and LTR
composing styles.
Push Notifications
In a hurry showcasing instruments,
customized and
time-touchy limited time triggers
will in general move quick activity.
Fusing the pop-up messages
would assist you with seeing a
noteworthy lift in the general
deals of the store in a matter of
seconds.
Social Sharing
Informal exchange is the simplest
and the most ‘in’ method for
boosting the prominence of an
application. This is the point at
AvM÷ 2020
37

English Section
ping. Subsequently, even on
account of eCommerce, the
mobile store ought to be centered
around boosting the shopping
experience of the clients. It should
convey a consistent route. The
items and brands ought to be
shown in a great way.
Easy Navigation
One of the fundamental factors
that contribute to the setting of the
buy choice of online customers is
the simplicity of shopping. Consequently,
even on account of
eCommerce, the mobile store
ought to be centered around boosting
the shopping experience of the
clients. It should convey a consistent
route. The items and brands
ought to be shown in an amazing
way.
Analytics
Client information is an urgent
business resource for any eCommerce
business. On account of
investigation instruments, client
information running from individual
data and enrollment information
— to itemized data concernwhich
the inbuilt social alternative
becomes an integral factor. It
permits your clients to share the
item pictures legitimately from
the application with the social
stage. This will permit them to
take a subsequent supposition
before putting in the last request.
What’s more, it can even improve
the visibility and prevalence of
your items.
Interactive Login
Online customers are not attached
to bungling into the protracted
enrollment or checkout process.
Consequently, ensure that your
application has social login alternatives.
Make the checkout procedure
as rearranged as could be
expected under the circumstances.
Directly from the sign-up to
checkout, the way to improving
the change channel is to keep it
straightforward and consistent.
Straightforward and uncluttered
route One of the crucial components
that contribute to the setting
of the buyer’s choice of its target
audience is the simplicity of shoping
purchasing propensities, inclinations,
social profiles, and socioeconomics
— would now be able
to enable a store to acquire significant
experiences about its clients.
Your eCommerce store application
must utilize the intensity of
investigation to pick up bits of
knowledge from information.
Conclusion
The job of the mobile phone is
turning out to be increasingly
powerful and as the world changes,
we need to acclimate to them.
Most importantly, the progressions
occurring on the planet
influence business. These days, an
application is an unquestionable
requirement for business, particularly
for eCommerce. Online business
is presented to extensive innovative
discoveries. The mobile
business has extraordinarily
changed and facilitated our regular
day to day existence. Presently,
retailers and entrepreneurs consider
building up a mobile eCommerce
application.
If you try these things and your
child still complains about tiredness
or eye strain, you can also
look into eye drops or consider
buying a pair of blue light glasses
for them. Don't forget the basics,
either: Squeezing eyes shut for a
few seconds at a time, focusing on
distances farther away every so
often, and taking frequent breaks
from the screen.
3. Purchase a good set of
noise-canceling headphones. No
matter how focused a child tries to
be, background noise can derail
even the best intentions. Households
aren't necessarily the quietest
location for learning and, when
you add in the distractions already
on the screen for a child, any
option you have to reduce noise is
a smart one to take.
4. Get creative. Don't have a good
chair for that desk? Using a table
for school? You're fine. The
bigger issue is whether or not your
child has difficulty staying seated.
You don't need a fancy computer
chair, especially for younger kids,
but you do need something to
keep them focused on that screen
instead of how uncomfortable the
set up might be.
5. You do need to be the enforcer
of one thing in particular: School
break and lunch times designed to
give young bodies a chance to
move around. Physical tiredness is
very real for online learners even
though they aren't moving during
class. Stress the importance of
refilling water bottles, jumping up
and down, or performing other
physical activities during breaks.
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38

English Section
Apps and tech things to do while on the road
It’s a ridiculous time in the morning,
and you’ve just about got out
of bed. At this point, you’re
extremely tired and could do with
an extra few minutes of shut-eye,
but you know you have work in an
hour. You quickly get washed and
dressed, before making your way
to the kitchen to fix up some
breakfast and grab a cup of coffee.
Now it’s time for that painfully
boring commute, which could
easily make you cry at any given
moment. Whatever you tell yourself,
the fact is you can make your
journey to work even better.
You’ve no doubt got a smartphone
tucked away in your pocket, so
why not make use of it and the
time you have on the bus or train?
Time is precious, and you can
potentially achieve a lot during
your commute - even if it’s pretty
short. Get productive with an app,
or have fun with a game to kill the
time. There are plenty of them out
there, and we look at the best apps
and services for quick commutes.
Medium (Android, iOS, free)
Reading is powerful, and there’s
so much you can learn by doing it.
On your daily commute - especially
if you’re on a train or bus - you
no doubt see people with their
heads buried in books, newspa-
pers and magazines. Well, with
Medium, you can read quality
content straight from your phone.
What’s cool, though, is that the
app has a ‘read time’ feature,
meaning you can identify how
long an article will take to read.
Most are pretty easy to get into,
and you can easily get through a
piece within fifteen minutes.
Stronghold Games Timer (Android,
iOS, free)
If you’d like to kill time and have
a bit of fun as well, then it’s worth
checking out Stronghold Games
Timer. Available on both Android
and iOS, the app offers a selection
of easy games that are controlled
by sand timers. They’re based
mainly on the theme of space, but
there’s also a whacky game about
the UN Security Council. You can
set a timer for each game, lasting
from a few seconds to a few minutes.
There’s a pre-timer option of
five minutes, so you could easily
play a few while you’re on the bus
or train.
News In 60 (iOS, free)
Sometimes, it can be hard to keep
up-to-date with the things happening
in the world when you have so
much going on in your life. But
you can change that with News In
60. The app finds all the important
news in a day - covering areas
such as current affairs, technology
and sports - and summarises them
so they only take a few seconds to
read. You can easily share your
favourite articles with friends and
save them as bookmarks to access
later on. It’s been optimised for
high-download speed, low bandwidth
and night use.
Map My Walk
There are many people who commute
to work by walking, especially
if they live in interconnected
cities and towns. Perhaps
you’re one of them. You probably
see it as a great way of exercising,
and with Map My Walk, you can
calculate your pace, route,
distance, calories and steps. It’s a
handy way to look at how much
your daily commute contributes to
your health and wellbeing. You
can import data to connected
devices from Jawbone, Misfit,
Fitbit, Garmin and Withings.
There’s also the ability to map and
plan your route before you leave
your house.
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English Section
Serial Reader (Android, iOS,
free)
It feels great to get ingrained in a
good novel, but in reality, not
everyone has the time to get
through long-read prose. There’s
just not enough time in the day.
With Serial Reader, though, you
can use your commutes to delve
into small chunks of books. This
smart app lets you subscribe to
classic books and sends you an
instalment to read each day. You
should be able to read each issue
within 20 minutes, and if you
manage to do that, then there’s no
reason why you can’t finish a
whole book within a few days.
The app has over 300 books available,
including classics like The
Three Musketeers, Treasure
Island, Wuthering Heights, My
Antonia, Les Miserables and Peter
Pan.
Duolingo (Android, iOS free)
Long commutes may feel like
wasted time, although they don’t
have to be. You can easily do
something productive when walking
or on public transport - like
learning a language. Duolingo
covers a plethora of languages,
including Danish, Dutch, French,
German, Italian, Spanish and Russian.
The best thing about it is that
language learning is presented as a
game, where you pick up words
and earn points at the same time.
There’s the option to learn in daily
doses of 5, 10, 15 or 20 minutes.
30/30 (Android, iOS, free)
While the daily commute is an
opportune time to sit back and
relax, it’s also a good time to get
productive and prepare for the day
of work. Tasks managers are a
brilliant for keeping organised,
and 30/30 is a great example. It
lets you create comprehensive
task lists and track them to ensure
you don’t fall behind. There’s a
pre-set time of 30 minutes, meaning
you could easily go over
emails, documents and other
work-related material while you
travel to your office. Once the
time’s up, you’re encouraged to
start another task. It’s worth
noting that you have the option to
customise the duration of tasks.
Buddhify (Android, iOS, free)
When you have so much going on
in life life - from family commit
ments to work deadlines - it’s easy
to become stressed. Meditating is
a good way to relieve anxiety and
keep productive throughout the
day, and Buddhify makes this
easy. The app provides more than
80 audio-guided tasks, all of
which have been tailored for
different parts of the day. These
include commuting, sleeping and
taking a work break. They last up
to 30 minutes, and you can track
your progress through statistics.
Day One (Android, iOS, free)
The fact is, there’s so much you
can do while you commute: play
games, meditate and so much
more. But what about journalling?
That’s probably something that’s
never come across your mind, but
it’s actually quite fun. Using Day
One, you can easily enter your
thoughts and memories into diary
entries that are synced and backed
up in the Cloud. It lets you store
up to ten journals with different
colours and names, and you’re
able to add as many photos as
you’d like. These journals will
help not only give you something
to do while you get to and from
work, but also map your thoughts
and feelings. That’s extremely
handy if you have a job in the
creative world.
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English Section
Going to space is a real pain in the back
In 1994, astronaut Mark Lee had
his height measured by fellow
astronaut Jerry Linenger as part of
a study on back pain. Astronauts
have been reporting back pain
since the late 1980s, when space
missions grew longer. Their flight
medical data show that more than
half of US astronauts have reported
back pain, especially in their
lower backs. Up to 28% indicated
that it was moderate to severe
pain, sometimes lasting the duration
of their mission. Things don't
improve when they return to
Earth's gravity. In the first year
after their mission, astronauts
have a 4.3 times higher risk of a
herniated disc. "It's sort of an
ongoing problem that has been a
significant one with cause for
concern," said Dr. Douglas
Chang, first author of the new
study and associate professor of
orthopedic surgery and chief of
physical medicine and rehabilitation
service at University of California
San Diego Health. "So this
study is the first to take it from just
an epidemiological description
and look at the possible mechanisms
for what is going on with
the astronauts' backs."
Like being in a body cast
Much attention has been focused
on intervertebral discs, the spongy
shock absorbers that sit between
our vertebrae, as the culprit for the
back issues that astronauts face.
But the new study runs counter to
that thinking. In this research,
funded by NASA, Chang's team
observed little to no changes in the
discs, their height or swelling.
What they did observe in six
astronauts who spent four to seven
months on the ISS was a tremendous
degeneration and atrophying
of the supporting musculature in
the lumbar (lower) spine, Chang
said. These muscles are the ones
that help us stay upright, walk and
move our upper extremities in an
environment like Earth, while
protecting discs and ligaments
from strain or injury.
In microgravity, the torso lengthens,
most likely due to spinal
unloading, in which the spinal
curvature flattens. Astronauts also
aren't using the muscle tone in
their lower backs because they
aren't bending over or using their
lower backs to move, like on
Earth, Chang said. This is where
the pain and stiffening occurs,
much like if the astronauts were in
a body cast for six months.
MRI scans before and after the
missions revealed that the astronauts
experienced a 19% decrease
in these muscles during their
flight. "Even after six weeks of
training and reconditioning here
one Earth, they are only getting
AvM÷ 2020
cieZ©x Ask 43 c„óvq
41

English Section
A Complete Guide to Implement Real-Time Marketing
in Your Business
Today’s customers are empowered
to make various choices
about the products and services
that they avail. With customization
becoming the new norm,
customers can now contribute to
the decision-making process.
Delivering a positive and
memorable customer experience
has turned out to be a vital part of
all business processes. Customers
expect to move between platforms
and devices easily and receive
quick responses to their queries.
This means the marketers need to
be ready with ways to engage with
customers. This is where real-time
marketing becomes relevant.
Speed and immediacy have turned
out to be highly crucial for businesses.
In the age of smartphones,
brands are constantly looking for
ways to leverage the relationship
of their customers with these
devices. As a result, marketing has
become way more fast-paced than
before.
What is Real-Time Marketing?
Real-time marketing is the
method of engaging with customers
based on real-time data and
information. This information can
be based on any changes that a
customer has implemented in
his/her profile, changing customer
preferences, their activities etc. In
addition to that, it can also be
based on any breaking news or
trending events and so on. One of
the best ways to collect customer
data is by offering free WiFi to
customers. Done right, real-time
marketing is an effective method
of reaching out to your customers
to increase brand awareness,
improving prospects of lead
acquisition and consequently,
generating more revenue.
How to Successfully Implement
Real-Time Marketing
Real-time marketing doesn’t only
involve a single well-timed
moment but also a brand’s daily
activities. It also involves relevant
and timely interactions with your
customers. The best way to do this
is by implementing small and
regular real-time initiatives to
ensure that your customers know
what to expect from your
business.
According to the author, Jon
Burkart, “You need to cultivate
the principle of little bets, a
concept coined by Peter Sims. In
other words, the willingness to
foster lots of small, experimental
creativity to put things out there
and see what sticks.”
Let’s take a look some of the
effective methods to implement
real-time marketing successfully
for your business.
#1. Know Your Customers
One of the goals of a business is to
connect its customers to the products
and/or services they need. In
an attempt to engage customers
with the brand, marketers need to
be aware of the preferences and
the requirements of the customers.
This will help in serving them
properly.
Once you gather the relevant
information about your customers,
you will be able to determine
the types of messages that they
would respond to, empower your
staff to address the complaints and
feedback of your customers in an
appropriate way etc. Additionally,
you will be able to devise a crisis
management plan.
#2. Align Your Communications
to Inbound Interactions
A customer’s journey with a business
has a variety of touchpoints
and channels. From devices to
platforms, communication channels
vary. For example, 80% of
internet users own a smartphone.
This means they are connected
on-the-go. Therefore, they expect
instant communication. Your
customer’s journey may start on a
desktop and shift to a smartphone
and may continue on a smartwatch.
Such flexible channels do
not respond to linear marketing
methods.
Therefore, you would need to
align your personalized interactions
with your customers with the
inbound communications. Such
contextually relevant interactions
will help in connecting with the
customers in real-time and help in
creating a meaningful relationship
with them.
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English Section
ence types, how much to invest in
the real-time marketing techniques
etc. You would also
require a data analyst to analyze
customer behavior etc. A creative
player will be able to brainstorm
new ideas and direct the team to
success.
#4. Send Push Notifications
One of the best ways to implement
real-time marketing is by sending
push notifications to customers to
urge them to make a purchasing
about a product that they have
already shortlisted. Such efforts
push them forward through the
sales pipeline. Additionally,
discounts and offers on your
customers’ preferred items can be
#3. Assemble a Team for Handling
Data
Data management is a crucial part
of real-time marketing. To ensure
that your data-driven real-time
marketing strategy is a complete
success, it is important to assemble
a team that will look into the
various aspects of this marketing
technique.
Data management starts with
effective accumulation of data and
ends with implementing it effectively
to drive sales. Every
member of the data-handling team
should have key roles in ensuring
that the process is completed
properly.
For example, a data scientist can
be in charge of determining audisent
to them via push notifications.
This can be one of the best
ways to increase conversion rates.
#5. Real-Time Marketing on
Social Media
Real-time marketing through
social media can involve promoting
your brand via events, answering
your customers’ queries and
so on. Social media platforms are
rolling out event targeting features
to equip brands with insights into
upcoming events and audience
behavior in the previous year
concerning the same event. Such
features can be used to create
effective campaigns.
about 68% of their losses
restored," Chang explained.
Yoga in space?
Because nobody likes back pain
and muscle loss, Chang suggested
countermeasures that should be
added to the already two- to
three-hour workout astronauts
have on the space station each
day. Though their exercise
machines focus on a range of
issues including cardiovascular
and skeletal health, the team
believes that space travelers also
need to include a core-strenghtening
program focused on the spine.
In addition to the "fetal tuck" position
astronauts use in microgravity
to stretch their lower back or
alleviate back pain, Chang
suggested yoga. But he knows that
is easier said than done.
"A lot of yoga depends on the
effects of gravity, like downward
dog, where a stretch through the
hamstring, calf muscles, back of
the neck and shoulders are possible
because of gravity. When you
remove that, you may not have the
same benefit."
Any machines on the space station
also have to be designed with
regards to weight, size and even
the reverberations they could
produce on the station.
Scott Parazynski, who walked in
space seven times, assisted with
construction on the space station
in 2007.
Chang and the other researchers
brainstormed with a virtual reality
team about different exercise
programs that would enable astronauts
to invite friends, family or
even Twitter followers to join
them in a virtual workout, making
the daily repetition of their workouts
more fun and competitive.
One of Chang's teammates has felt
this pain personally. Dr. Scott
Parazynski is the only astronaut to
summit Mount Everest. He experienced
a herniated disc after
returning from the ISS to Earth.
Less than a year later, when he
attempted to climb Everest the
first time, he had to be airlifted
off. After a rehabilitation process,
he eventually made the summit.
Now, he speaks to current astronauts
about the ways they can
contribute to studies about their
health in microgravity.
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English Section
The best smartphones you've probably never heard of
You know the major players in the
smartphone game: the best phones
in the world today are made up of
all the big names from Apple to
HTC, Samsung to LG and beyond.
But what about those smartphones
not popular in the Western markets?
Just because a handset isn't
popular somewhere, doesn't mean
it's not one of the best. Some
smartphones are just a little
misunderstood - so we've collated
a list of those we think are worth
checking out.
We've looked at their unique
selling points, the main market it's
aimed for - and just how hard it is
to get your hands on one of these
'alternative' handsets if you're so
desperate to stand out from the
crowd.
Sharp Aquos Crystal X
In Japan the Sharp brand is much
more closely associated with the
world of smartphones. The Aquos
family highlights that and this
device has a lot of alternative
quirks compared to the rest of the
market.
The main draw is the ultra-thin
bezels that we've never seen on
other handsets before. The display
on the Aquos Crystal X is 5.5
inches with a 1080p resolution, a
Qualcomm Snapdragon 801
chipset, 2GB of RAM and 16GB
storage.
It's interesting we haven't seen the
bezelless display technology
move over to other products available
in the west – but maybe it
won't be long before one of the big
global players joins in.
Ulefone Power
If you're after something with a
big batch of power, Ulefone has
the perfect choice that is never
going to let you down for battery.
The phone features a 5.5-inch HD
screen, fingerprint sensor,
Android 5.1 software, 3GB of
RAM and a 64-Bit Octa-core
processor. But the real highlight is
the huge 6,050mAh battery that's
included inside.
Ulefone has managed to create a
rather good looking phone considering
the size of the battery pack
that's inside there. It comes with
either a blue, white or wood effect
metal back and isn't all that thick.
Wileyfox Storm
There's a small chance you may
have heard of this phone if you
live in the UK, but it's a smaller
brand not many people have heard
of. Let us fill you in: a lot about
about the Wileyfox Storm hints at
a premium phone, but the price
point is surprisingly low. Wileyfox
is a new start up that has put
together a phone with a great
5.5-inch Full HD display, 32GB
of storage, a 20MP camera and a
(middling) Qualcomm Snapdragon
615 processor.
But it's all about the price of the
Wileyfox Storm. It's only £199,
which for a phone with this
high-spec is very impressive. You
just have to trust a smartphone
brand you've never really heard of
and live in the UK.
Lumigon T2 HD
Lumigon aims to satisfy the
stylish consumer using buzzwords
like "elegant" and "exclusive
look" throughout its press materials.
As much as we detest the
language, we have to admit the
Lumigon T2 HD has a nice design
with water and dust resistant technology
built in without compromising
the stylish look. There's a
4.3-inch display with a 720p pixel
resolution, a Snapdragon processor
clocked at 1.7GHz and 2GB of
RAM.
Storage goes up to 128GB with a
13MP camera on the back and it's
running Android 4.4 KitKat. The
AvM÷ 2020 44

Danish price of the phone comes
in at 4449 Danish Krone, and a
straight up conversion makes that
about £460 in the UK.
Fairphone 2
English Section
Fairphone has one key aim, to
create a smartphone restricted to
"ethically sourced" materials. The
company aims to create a smartphone
using only conflict-free
resources as well as paying workers
a reasonable wage throughout
the production process.
You have to admire the intention
behind it. The company has now
made its second phone and this
time around it's modular so you
can swap out elements and not
have to dispose of the whole
phone after 24 months.
It runs Android 5.1 software with
a 5-inch 1080p display, a Qualcomm
Snapdragon 801 processor
and 2GB of RAM. There's also 4G
LTE and 32GB of storage.
If you want one, it's shipping now
– but it may take a bit longer for
you to get one as there's limited
stock of the Fairphone 2 right
now.
Karbonn Titanium Octane Plus
After a few years of focusing on
affordable handsets, Karbonn has
tried to break into high end smartphones
and it's done pretty well
with its latest offering.
Despite sounding like something
you'd place in the Hadron collider
at CERN, this low-cost phone
managed to sell really well in
India last year.
It doesn't have the top of the range
specs you may hope for though. It
features an octa-core MediaTek
processor clocked at 1.7GHz,
2GB of RAM and a 16MP rear
camera.
There's also 16GB of internal
storage with microSD support up
to 32GB and Android 4.4.2 on
board as well.
Yotaphone 2
If you have heard of any of the
devices on this list, it's likely this
one. The Yotaphone 2 gained a lot
of attention for its unique dual
display design offering an e-ink
back panel for certain apps and to
save on the battery.
The e-ink display works with
certain apps such as Facebook,
Twitter, RSS feeds, messages and
eBooks offering a much better
battery life than your average full
blo n display.
That battery is a 2500mAh sensor
whilst the front panel is a 5-inch
Full HD display. Under the hood
is a Snapdragon 801 processor
clocked at 2.2GHz with 2GB of
RAM and 32GB of internal
storage on board. Plus we gave it
3.5 stars in our full review.
Meizu MX4
It's not an iPhone you see before
your eyes, it is in fact the MEIZU
MX4. With a 5.4-inch display on
the front and a octa-core MediaTek
processor underneath this
certainly isn't a flagship phone to
be sniffed at.
There's also 2GB of RAM, storage
choices up to 64GB and a varied
range of colour options including
grey, black, white and tan.
As for the camera it's the same
20.7MP sensor you'll find in the
Xperia Z3+ range with a 2MP
sensor on the front for selfies.
At the moment the handset is
running Android, but it'll soon be
getting an update with Ubuntu
Phone on board as well.
AvM÷ 2020 45

English Section
Top 5 Computer Help Forums to Get Your
Malware Problem Solved
The scenario where computer
users find themselves at their wits
end trying to get rid of persistent
malware can be a drag. The
ever-increasing sophistication of
malicious code poses non trivial
challenges to the security industry
which, regretfully, lacks responsiveness
to emerging threats that
aren’t catalogued. Relying on
signature-based antivirus suites
alone, is an inefficient defensive
strategy to adopt in the era of digital
infections like ransomware,
rootkits, and adware that cunningly
obfuscate their components and
don’t give up during the commonplace
troubleshooting. Meanwhile,
security help forums come
in handy as they encourage
discussion and provide multiple
expert opinions on a specific
issue.
The invaluable brainstorming
effect combined with in-depth
tech analysis of every posted
predicament are more likely to
end up fixing the problem than
any single approach. Some of
these boards, however, seem to be
around just for show, being more
of a marketing catch and turning
out to be abandoned appendices to
an arbitrary main site. Only a few
are helpful, friendly and generally
worthwhile. This article is going
to shed light on the latter cluster
and help you separate the wheat
from the chaff when a
hard-to-handle malware issue
occurs.
#1. Bleeping Computer
Whether it’s a desktop computer
or a mobile device that’s at risk
because of malware, the staff and
reputable contributors at Bleeping
Computer are there to assist in
tackling the problem. The forums
are broken down into 11 sections,
including Microsoft Windows
Support, Alternative Operating
Systems Support, Security, Internet
and Networking, Gadgets, as
well as Applications and Guides.
The security industry owes these
professionals for discovering and
dissecting some of the most harmful
viruses on the loose. The latest
example is the Ransom32 file-encrypting
Trojan, the first ransomware
written in JavaScript and
having the potential to infect Windows,
Mac OS X and Linux alike.
Considering the tens of new
threads opened daily, the team’s
responsiveness is amazing. It
usually takes a couple of hours to
get initial advice and under a day
to get the issue solved, where the
time span depends on the severity
of contamination and the timeliness
of the topic starter’s answers.
Registering at Bleeping Computer
forums is nothing out of the ordinary.
The tools recommended to
infected users are free to use, and
so is the assistance altogether.
#2. Malwarebytes Forums
This is yet another popular place
for both the experienced Malwarebytes
employees and security
gurus from around the globe to
hang out. The vendor’s name
speaks for itself, and there’s a ton
of tech support opportunities to
address a virus quandary of
random complexity. Browsing
through these forums is an experience
that advanced and
non-tech-savvy users will enjoy.
The structure is intuitive, encompassing
such sections as Malware
Removal Support, Malwarebytes
Tools, General Computer Support
and Security Updates, and Research
Center.
Whereas self-help articles and
guides are readily available,
anyone can register a free account
and create a topic with details of
their issue. New messages are
responded within a few hours on
average, where the infected person
gets concise,down-to-earth
instructions on what freeware tools
to download and how to submit a
HijackThis log for experts to scrutinize
and come up with a verdict.
Before posting anything, though,
it’s strongly recommended to use
the built-in search option to look
for similar issues that might have
already been solved.
AvM÷ 2020
46

#3. Geeks To Go
English Section
This remarkable project unites thousands
of security enthusiasts in the
commendable endeavor to lend a
helping hand to people who
happened to fall victim to malicious
software, including browser hijackers,
ad-injecting programs, ransomware,
banking Trojans, spyware,
keyloggers and other abominable
threats. Aside from providing
malware removal guides proper, the
security-focused section also covers
situations where the computer won’t
boot or the antivirus software keeps
crashing due to an infection.
Again, all it takes to apply for expert
help is create an account, which
shouldn’t take more than a minute or
two, and describe the jeopardy in the
respective subsection. The “Trusted
Helpers” and “Spyware Veterans”
will guide you step by step through
the complex virus removal and
system remediation process.
Be advised the Geeks To Go staff and
assistants are working on a volunteer
basis, so they expect prompt responses
on your end as well. Any post will
be closed in the event the topic starter
doesn’t reply to an expert’s message
within 4 days. Overall, this is
definitely one of the most instructive
and helpful places to get professional
malware-related support.
#4. Virus and Malware Forums –
Microsoft Community
A highly dynamic environment for
malware troubleshooting is at one’s
fingertips with the dedicated forums
courtesy of Microsoft. Being one of
the academic support hubs, this
discussion platform boasts the participation
of the most respectable
contributors and the availability of
the industry’s top-notch tools whose
efficiency is out of the question. You
can browse by solution or by topic,
use the search box to look up the
issue you have confronted, and ask
the community if no results match
your query, which isn’t a very likely
occurrence given the popularity of
these forums. Signing up to create
new topics and reply in existing ones
is a fairly standard and user-friendly
experience.
As a rule, the Microsoft employees or
MVPs (Most Valuable Professionals)
won’t keep you waiting for more than
an hour or two. In fact, sometimes
getting a response is a matter of
minutes, so “buckle up” and get
ready to follow the tried and tested
directions. No matter how you slice
it, rest assured you will be instructed
according to the best practices of
malware removal.
#5. Google Product Forums
Google forums stand out from the
crowd as the security issues
highlighted and discussed on it may
appear isolated strictly to Google’s
solutions. Nonetheless, it also reflects
a much more global state of affairs on
the malware arena. In particular, this
applies to adware problems that are
known to be cross-browser and
multi-platform. Thousands of end
users are catching ad-serving infections
as well as browser homepage
and search hijackers every single day,
so the relevance of this knowledge
base is definitely on the rise. It’s the
present-day ubiquity of adware in the
first place that makes forums like this
increasingly popular.
Once again, searching for the offending
application’s name from the start
might return topics similar to yours
that are already being discussed, so
do not neglect the lookup option. One
of the main virtues of this particular
service is the short reply times, ranging
from a few minutes to an hour or
so. With the linked-to cleanup tools
and walkthroughs provided by the
contributors, you should normally be
a few clicks away from the solution.
Bottom line
Real-time protection delivered by a
dependable security software is
certainly a significant prerequisite of
computer security but it tends to be
insufficient these days, especially in
the face of evolving threats. In the
circumstances of a critical and
persistent malware infection, be sure
to give the resources above a shot.
When on security help forums,
respect their guidelines, use the
search functionality to look for similar
issues before creating a new
topic, promptly reply to follow-up
questions, strictly follow the
experts’ instructions in order to
sort out the problem, and don’t
forget to give a shout-out to the
contributors after the fact.
AvM÷ 2020
47

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nevi mgq Gi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖ`k©b Kivi
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dvBj wm‡÷g U¨ve wm‡j± Kiv Av‡Q wKbv
†mwU wbwðZ Kiæb| Gevi Ô‡kqviW wcKPvimÕ-Gi
cv‡ki †QvÆ ZxiwPýwU wK¬K K‡i Gi
wb‡Pi Sample Pictures †dvìviwU wK¬K
Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j Qwe‡Z †hgb †`Lv‡bv nj
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Qwei m‡½ m¤úwK©Z mvaviY me Z_¨| Gme
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†mwUi Ici †ivj K‡i wb‡q †M‡jB n‡e|
GLv‡b Avcwb hv hv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi g‡a¨
Av‡Q Qwei m‡½ UxKv †hvM Kiv, K¨v‡UMwi
Ges U¨vM (Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv jvB‡eªwi †cÖvMÖv‡gi
gZ GLv‡bI hZ †ewk U¨vM Ges K¨v‡UMivBR
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Gme QvovI wcK‡UvwgI‡Z Av‡Q Av‡iv
A‡bK AvKl©Yxq myweav| GKUz mgq wb‡q
†Nu‡U †`L‡jB Luy‡R cv‡eb me|
AvM÷ 2020
49

cÖhyw³ cw_K…r
bvwejv BiwZRv
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ GKw`‡b AvR‡Ki
ch©v‡q Av‡mwb| `xN©w`b a‡i eû gvby‡li
†Póvq AvR‡Ki Ae¯’v‡b G‡m‡Q GwU| Guiv
n‡”Qb ¯^vwcœK gvbyl, huviv bvbvfv‡e wb‡R‡`i
Ae`v‡b, †gavq I fvebvq m„g× K‡i‡Qb
cÖhyw³ fzeb‡K| G‡`i g‡a¨ wej †MUm ev
w÷f Re‡mi gZ gvbyl‡K Avgiv mevB
wPb‡jI Avgv‡`i A‡MvP‡i †_‡K †M‡Qb
AmsL¨ gvbyl| ejvB evûj¨, L¨vwZi Avkvq
Gme gvbyl KvR K‡ib bv| Zuvi KvR K‡ib
m„wó& Avb‡›`| AvR‡Ki †jLvq GiKgB wKQz
cÖhyw³ cw_K…‡Zi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q wb‡Z
cvwi Avgiv, huv‡`i Ae`v‡b ab¨ n‡q‡Q
Kw¤úDUvi I cÖhyw³ fzeb|
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mvZ m‡Z‡iv
Zuv‡KB GB K…wZZ¡ †`qv nq| Zuvi ˆZwi
†¯úkvj cvicvm Kw¤úDUvi AvUvbvmd †ewi
Kw¤úDUvi bv‡g cwiwPZ| Abỳ vb wn‡m‡e
cvIqv 650 Wjvi LiP K‡i wZwb Zuvi GK
QvÎ wK¬‡dvW© †ewii mv‡_ wg‡j GB Kw¤úDUviwU
ˆZwi K‡ib| †m eQ‡ii b‡f¤^i gv‡m
GwUi †cÖv‡UvUvBc ˆZwi †kl nq| wZwb
Rvbvb, Zvi Av‡Mi eQi Bwjbq A½iv‡R¨i
iK AvBj¨v‡Û åg‡Yi mgq GB Kw¤úDUv‡ii
cÖavb wKQz AvBwWqv Zuvi gv_vq Av‡m| GB
Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiv g~j AvBwWqv¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ evBbvwi MwYZ Ges eywjqvb jwRK
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gi mvnv‡h¨ GKB mv‡_ 29wU
wjwbqvi BKz‡qkb m¤úbœ Kiv nq GB
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨| GB Kw¤úDUviwUi
†Kv‡bv †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwbU wQj bv Z‡e
GwU f¨vKzqvg wUDe e¨envi K‡i wWwRUvj
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G‡Z| G‡Z Av‡iv wQj wi‡Rbv‡iwUf K¨vcvwmUi
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evb©vW© †WBbm
cÖwZôvbwU‡K wmm‡Kv wm‡÷‡gi Kv‡Q wewµ
K‡i †`b wZwb| 1994 mv‡j wZwb cÖwZôv
K‡ib c¨v‡KU BwÄb, GwU wQj wMMvweU
B_vi‡bU myBP wbg©vZv GKwU cÖwZôvb,
GwU‡K Avevi 1998 mv‡j wewµ K‡i `qv nq
AvjKv‡Uj-Gi Kv‡Q| Gici 2000 mv‡j
wZwb cÖwZôv K‡ib Iqvì© IqvBW c¨v‡KUm
bv‡g GKwU cÖwZôvb| Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj
AcwUK¨vj eªWe¨vÛ Kv‡bw±wfwUi Rb¨
me©cÖ_g K÷ B‡dw±f Ges wdDPvi cÖæd
mwjDkb cÖ`vb Kiv| 2002 mv‡j wjbv·
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wbe©vwPZ nb †WBbm|
Av‡›`ª Gikf
Rb wfb‡m›U AvUvbvmd wQ‡jb GKRb
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wbg©vZv wn‡m‡eB wZwb ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb|
wZwb 1903 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1995
mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| 1930-Gi `k‡Ki
†klfv‡M AvBIqv †÷U K‡j‡R wZwb we‡k¦i
cÖ_g B‡jKUªwbK wWwRUvj Kw¤úDUvi ˆZwi
K‡ib| Z‡e GB Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbg©vZv wn‡m‡e
Zuvi K…wZZ¡‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i Av`vj‡Z hvIqv
n‡jI GB gvgjv 1973 mv‡j wb®úwË nq Ges
we‡kl K‡i †bUIqvwK©s-Gi RM‡Z †WBbm
wPi ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb B_vi‡bU †UK‡bvjwRi
Ab¨Zg cw_K…r wn‡m‡e| we‡kl K‡i
dv÷ B_vi‡bU-Gi Rb¨ IEEE ÷¨vÛvW©
Ges wMMvweU †bUIhvwK©s †UK‡bvjwR D
¢ve‡bi Rb¨ wZwb weL¨vZ| 1992 mv‡j
†WBbm MÖ¨vÛ Rvskvb †bUIqvK© bv‡g dv÷
B_vi‡bU-Gi myBP wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU
cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡ib| 1995 mv‡j GB
Rb¥ 1931 mv‡j Avi g„Zz¨ 1988 mv‡j|
Gikf wQ‡jb mvB‡ewiqvb ¯‹yj Ae Kw¤úDUvi
mv‡q‡Ýi GKRb cÖwZôvZv| w_I‡iwUK¨vj
I wm‡÷gm †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi RM‡Z cÖ_g nv‡Z
†MvYv †h KRb ivkvb Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx KvR
K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Gikf| wZwb
A‡bK¸‡jv wm‡÷gm †cÖvMÖvwgs mgm¨v wb‡q
KvR K‡ib: Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q ‡cÖvMÖvwgs
j¨vs¸‡q‡R wWI †÷U‡g›U mgm¨v, Kgb
mveG·‡cÖkb Gwjwg‡bk‡bi †‡Î n¨vk
A¨v‡Wªwms, †Møvevj †g‡gvwi A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªkb
BZ¨vw`| Zuvi †jLv eB ÔG ‡cÖvMÖvwgs †cÖvMÖvg
di weBGmGg Kw¤úDUviÕ n‡”Q ¯^qswµq
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eB¸‡jvi GKwU| cieZ©x Ask 52 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
50

†UK wmwKDwiwU
fvBivm m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ I mZK©evYx cvevi Rb¨ 8wU †miv Drm
gywnZ †bvgvb
AvRKvj Avgv‡`i cÖvq mevi Kw¤úDUv‡iB
†Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv A¨vw›UfvBivm mdUAq¨vi
Bb÷j Kiv _v‡K| G¸‡jv hw` jvB‡mÝW
†cÖvMÖvg nq Zvn‡j B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K (hw`
Kw¤úDUvi B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM _v‡K) wbqwg-
Zfv‡e A‡Uv Avc‡WU K‡i †bq, hv‡Z bZzb
bZzb fvBivm †_‡K Kw¤úDUvi wbivc`
_v‡K| wKš‘ †cÖvMÖvg hw` A‡Uv Av‡cWU bv
K‡i Zvn‡j e¨enviKvix wn‡m‡e Avcbvi
wb‡R‡KB fvBiv‡mi AvMgb Ges Avµg‡Yi
e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e| Avmyb Rvbv hvK
I‡q‡ei fye‡b Ggb wKQz †miv Drm m¤ú‡K©
†h¸‡jv Avcbv‡K memgq mZK© ivL‡e
†eqvov me fvBiv‡mi AvMgbevYx Rvwb‡q|
1| B‡mU †_ªU eøM
(www.eset.com/blog/)
2| †UªÛgvB‡µvm †_ªU GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv
(www.threatinfo.trendmicro.com/vinfo/default.asp)
†UªÛgvB‡µv n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi wmwKDwiwUi
RM‡Z cvBwbqvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi GKwU| me©
mv¤cÖwZK fvBivm I g¨vjAq¨vi wec` m¤^‡Ü
e¨enviKvix‡`i m`vmZK© ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨
†UªÛgvB‡µv GKwU AmvaviY †_ªU
GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv iYv‡eY K‡i|
g¨vjAq¨vi, ¯úvBAq¨vi Ges wewfbœ jyKv‡bv
wec‡`i †LuvRLei Avjv`v Avjv`v †Uwe‡j
cwi®‹vifv‡e `„óvšÍ mn‡hv‡M Dc¯’vcb Kiv
nq| m‡½ G¸‡jvi cÖwZwU c„_K wi¯‹ †iwUsI
Kiv nq| cÖwZwU fvBivm ev g¨vjAq¨v‡ii
Ici wK¬K Ki‡jB G¸‡jv †_‡K euvPvi
Dcvqmn bvbv iKg wb‡`©kbv cvIqv hvq|
GLb Av‡iv †ewk Av‡jvwPZ| g¨vKvwd I‡qe
mvB‡U †M‡jB †`L‡Z cv‡eb c„w_exi GKwU
gvbwPÎ †hLv‡b we‡k¦i wewfbœ As‡k
fvBiv‡mi SuywK Ges cÖ‡Kvc m¤^‡Ü Z_¨,
fvBivm †_ªU †j‡fj, bZzb bZzb †_ª‡Ui
ZvwjKvmn GKwU †Rbv‡ij cvicvm †_ªU
wgUvi Av‡Q| g¨vKvwdi fvBivm Bbdi‡gkb
†cRwU Lye mvRv‡bv †MvQv‡bv| Kw¤úDUv‡ii
bZzb e¨enviKvix‡`i‡K fvBivm,
g¨vjAq¨vi, ¯úvBAq¨vi BZ¨vw`i wec`
m¤^‡Ü mnR fvlvq bvbvfv‡e †evSv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| Av‡Q wewfbœ fvBiv‡mi Rb¨ wd«
WvqvMbw÷K Ges fvBivm wigywfs Uzj|
4| bU©b †_ªU G·‡cvivi
(www.symantec.com/norton/security_response/threatexplorer/index.jsp)
B‡mU n‡”Q †W¯‹Uc wmwKDwiwUi RM‡Z
GKwU AZ¨šÍ wek¦¯Í bvg| G›UvicÖvBR Ges
†nvg BDRvi Df‡qi Kv‡QB B‡mU-Gi Zzgyj
RbwcÖqZv| B‡mU-Gi fvBivm wmM‡bPvi
Avc‡WU fvBivm RM‡Zi bZzb me wec`
m¤^‡Ü Avcbv‡K AeMZ ivL‡e PweŸk N›Uv|
Zv‡`i †_ªU eøMwUI wecyj msL¨K Kw¤úDUvi
e¨enviKvixi cÖksmvab¨ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwbqZ
nvjbvMv` Kiv GB eøMwU fvBivm m¤^‡Ü
GKev‡i mv¤cÖwZK Lei Rvbv‡bvi cvkvcvwk
AbjvBb cÖZviYv I Ab¨vb¨ wec` †_‡K gy³
_vKvi Rb¨ BDRvi‡`i‡K wUcm I wUªKmmn
bvbviKg civgk© w`‡q _v‡K|
3| g¨vKvwd fvBivm Bbdi‡gkb
(www.home.mcafee.com/
VirusInfo/Default.aspx)
A¨vw›U fvBiv‡mi RM‡Z Ab¨Zg wek¦¯Í bvg
g¨vKvwd B‡›U‡ji m‡½ MuvUQov euvavi Kvi‡Y
bU©b Kw¤úDUvi wbivcËvi RM‡Z GZUvB
cwiwPZ bvg †h bU©b Avi Kw¤úDUvi wmwKDwiwU
`y‡Uv ixwZgZ mgv_©K k‡ã cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| g¨vKvwdi gZ bU©bI GKwU PgrKvi
†_ªU G·‡cvivi Bb‡W· iYv‡eY K‡i|
GLv‡b GKwUgvÎ †c‡R eY©vbyµwgKfv‡e
me¸‡jv wmwKDwiwU †_ª‡Ui weeiY wjwec×
Av‡Q †hLvb †_‡K BDRviiv mKj wbZ¨bZzb
†_ªU m¤^‡Ü hveZxq Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib|
fvBiv‡mi bvg Rvbv _vK‡j †mwUi bvg w`‡q
mvP© K‡iI †mwU m¤^‡Ü we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ cvIqv
m¤¢e|
AvM÷ 2020
51

5| wmwKDiwj÷
(www.securelist.com/en/)
wmwKDiwj÷ n‡”Q wek¦L¨vZ Kw¤úDUvi wmwKDwiwU
dvg© Ges A¨vw›UfvBivm wbg©vZv cÖwZôvb
Kvmcviwb¯‹ j¨vem KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ GKwU
fvBivm †_ªU Bbdi‡gkb †cvU©vj| Kw¤úDUv‡ii
wbivcËv wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv K‡ib Ggb mevi Rb¨B
cÖPzi Z_¨ Av‡Q GB †cvU©v‡j| GLv‡b mv¤cÖwZK
me fvBiv‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv I †_ªU †j‡fjmn
we‡klYvZ¥K Z_¨ DcvË I wiwfD cvIqv hv‡e|
GKB m‡½ Av‡Q wewfbœ g¨vjAq¨v‡ii AvPiY I
†U÷ wm‡÷g, Lei I we‡klYmn ZvRv me
wmwKDwiwU Bmÿ i Av‡jvPbv| Av‡Q gvwmK
g¨vjAq¨vi cwimsL¨vbmn Av‡iv A‡bK wd«
wi‡mvm©|
6| Kw¤úDUvi DBKwj
(www.computerweekly.com/it-management/security-alerts/)
Kw¤úDUvi DBKwj n‡”Q RbwcÖq GKwU †UK‡bv-
Rgm Mmwjs
†UK wmwKDwiwU
jwR eøM †hLv‡b Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbivcËv, fvBivm
m¤úwK©Z mZK©evYxmn cÖvmw½K wewfbœ e¨vcv‡i
Avjv`v GKwU wefvM Av‡Q| Kw¤úDUvi wmwKDwiwU
†_ª‡Ui Rb¨ c„_K †mKkb ivLvi cvkvcvwk
Giv RbwcÖq wewfbœ M¨v‡RU, ¯§vU©‡dvb BZ¨vw`i
wbivcËv SuywK m¤^‡Ü A‡bK cÖeÜ-wbeÜ I
wUD‡Uvwiqvj cÖKvk K‡i| ïay ZvB bq, A`~i
Ges `~i fwel¨‡Z Kw¤úDUvi wbivcËvi fye‡b
†hme ûgwK Avm‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jvi Kvfv‡iRmn
AbjvBb cÖZviYv, ¯ú¨vwgs, wmwKDwiwU
nvW©Aq¨vi I mdUAq¨vi BZ¨vw`i IciI cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y Z_¨ I c~e©vfvm _v‡K| Z_¨¸‡jv
Ggbfv‡e †`qv _v‡K hv‡Z bexb Kw¤úDUvi
e¨enviKvix‡`iI Gme eyS‡Z †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq
bv|
7| fvBivm ey‡jwUb
(www.virusbtn.com/index)
fvBivm ey‡jwUb bv‡g hv Kv‡RI Zv| GB eøMwUi
g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q fvBivm, g¨vjAq¨vi Ges
¯úvBAq¨v‡ii AvMgbx evZ©v Rvwb‡q Kw¤úDUvi
e¨enviKvix‡`i mZK© K‡i †`qv| eøMwU‡Z cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y cÖeÜ, wbeÜ, gvjAq¨vi †U÷ I A¨vbvjvBwmm
_v‡K| †ewki fvM †jLvB Avevi MÖvd,
PvU© BZvw`i gva¨‡g evowZ e¨vL¨v-we‡klY cÖ`vb
Mmwjs wQ‡jb mvb gvB‡µvwm‡÷gm-Gi ˆZwi
Rvfv j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri †miv ¯’cwZ| Mmwjs g~j
Rvfv j¨vs¸‡qR wWRvBb K‡ib Ges Gi
AwiwRbvj K¤úvBjvi I fvPz©qvj †gwkb
D¢veb K‡ib| wZwb m¨v‡UjvBU †WUv GKzBwRkb
wm‡÷gm D¢veb K‡ib, GwU n‡”Q
BDwb·-Gi GKwU gvwëcÖ‡mmi fvm©b| †mB
m‡½ wZwb Av‡iv D¢veb K‡i‡Qb K‡qKwU
K¤úvBjvi, †gBb wm‡÷gm Ges DB‡Ûv
g¨v‡bRvi| Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb GKwU WYSI-
WYG ‡U·U GwWUiI ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb| GwU
n‡”Q GKwU Kb‡÷ªB›U †eRW Wªwqs GwWUi|
mvb gvB‡µvwm‡÷gm-G Mmwjs wjW
BwÄwbqvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Ges NeWS
DB‡Ûv wm‡÷gm wWRvBb K‡ib|
wej Rq
K‡i| G‡Z Av‡iv Av‡Q LyeB Kvh©Ki GKwU PvU©
h‡Z cÖavb cÖavb g¨vjAq¨v‡ii bvg Ges
Kw¤úDUv‡i †m¸‡jvi Avµg‡Yi gvÎv cÖ`wk©Z
nq| GQvovI we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ N‡U Pjv
fvBivm wmwKDwiwU Kbdv‡iÝ I mfvmwgwZi
ZvwiL D‡jLc~e©K GKwU K¨v‡jÛviI cvIqv hvq
eøMwU‡Z|
8| wmwKDwiwU wbDR †cvU©vj
(www.securitynewsportal.com/)
bZzb bZzb AvBwU wmwKDwiwU †_ªU-Gi we¯ÍvwiZ
weeiY mg„× GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †cvU©vj n‡”Q
wmwKDwiwU wbDR †cvU©vj| kxl© wbivcËv
ûgwK¸‡jvi Kvjvi †Kv‡WW ZvwjKvi myev‡` me
ai‡bi Kw¤úDUvi e¨enviKvix mn‡RB †R‡b
wb‡Z cv‡ib Zuvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ G gyn~‡Z©
cÖavb ûgwK wn‡m‡e weivR Ki‡Q †Kvb fvBivm
ev `yóz mdUAq¨viwU| wewfbœ mdUq¨vi cvUdg©
m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡jI wmwKDwiwU wbDR
†cvU©v‡ji g~j †dvKvm n‡”Q gvB‡µvmdU
DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g|
wej Rq GwÛ e¨vK‡jvU‡kBg, wf‡bv` †Lvmjv
Ges ¯‹U g¨vKwbwji m‡½ wg‡j mvbgvB‡µvwm‡÷gm
¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb hLb evK©wj †MÖW
¯‹z‡ji QvÎ wQ‡jb ZLb evK©wj BDwb·-Gi
wcÖwÝcvj wWRvBbvi wQ‡jb wZwb| mvb-G
KvR ïiæ Kivi ci wZwb Gi †bUIqvK© dvBj
wm‡÷gm wWRvBb K‡ib Ges †mB m‡½ ¯úvK©
gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi AvwK©‡UKPv‡ii GKRb
†Kv-wWRvBbvi wQ‡jb wZwb| 1991 mv‡j
wZwb Avëªv-¯úvK© AvB-Gi †ewmK cvBcjvBb
wWRvBb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b e¨eüZ mvb-Gi
¯úvK© gvB‡µvcÖ‡mm‡i GB †ewmK cvBcjvBb
e¨env Kiv nq| 1997 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi
†cÖwm‡W›U wej wK¬bUb Rq‡K †cÖwm‡WwÝqvj
Bbdi‡gkb †UK‡bvjwR A¨vWfvBRwi
KwgwU-i †Kv-‡Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM
K‡ib| 1998 mv‡j Zuv‡K wbhy³ Kiv nq
mvb gvB‡µvwm‡÷gm-Gi wPd mv‡qw›U÷
wn‡m‡e|
AvM÷ 2020
52

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I PvR©v‡i Qq gv‡mi weµ‡qvËi †mev †Zv
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AvM÷ 2020 53

†gvevBj I †UwjKg
‡`‡ki dvm‡U÷ ‡gvevBj ‡bUIqvK© wn‡m‡e
IKjvÕi ¯^xK…wZ ‡c‡jv evsjvwjsK
jsK M«vnKiv GLb DbœZ gv‡bi wWwRUvj
‡mevi AwfÁZv Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb|
m¤ú«wZ evsjvwjsK-Gi ev‡Ni ‡Wvivhy³
‡jv‡MvwU bZyb fv‡e c«Kvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`kx‡`i mvnm I R‡qi A`g¨ ¯ú…nvi
GB c«ZxK M«vnK‡`i DbœZ ‡mev
c«`v‡bi j‡¨ evsjvwjsK-Gi `…p
c«wZÁv‡K I c«wZdwjZ K‡i|
"w¯úW‡U÷ A¨vIqvW©" m¤ú‡K©
evsjvwjsK-Gi wPd Kgvwk©qvj Awdmvi
Dcv½ `Ë e‡jb,"Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi,
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wbwðZ Kivi ‡‡Î c«avb mnvqK n‡jv `ªæZ
MwZi B›Uvi‡bU| G Rb¨ ‡bUIqv‡K©i gvb
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dvm‡U÷ ‡gvevBj ‡bUIqv‡K©i ¯^xK…wZ
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XvKv, 5 AvM÷ 2020: PjwZ eQ‡ii c«_g
I wØZxq c«vwš—‡K ‡`‡ki dvm‡U÷
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e¨enviKvix‡`i ‡_‡K c«vß djvd‡ji wfwˇZ
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wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx, DwjøwLZ mg‡q evsjvwjsK-Gi
w¯úW ‡¯‹vi 15.09| Òw¯úW‡U÷
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wWwRUvj ‡mev ‡`Iqvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i
c«‡Póv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| we‡kl GB AR©b‡K
¯§iYxq K‡i ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avgiv evsjvwjsK-Gi
‡jv‡Mv‡K bZyb fv‡e c«Kvk
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cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`‡ki Acvi mvnm I R‡qi
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w`‡q‡Q| GB AmvaviY AR©b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q
c«hyw³wfwËK D‡`¨vM Ges M«vnK ‡mevq
wb‡ew`Z Avgv‡`i mevi Avš—wiK c«‡Póvi
Kvi‡Y|"
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mvUjm e‡jb, "evsjv‡`‡ki dvm‡U÷
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¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z ‡c‡i Avgiv Avbw›`Z| GB
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AvM÷ 2020
54

†`kx Lei
RvZxq †kvK w`e‡m e½eÜzi cÖwZK…wZ‡Z W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj
BDwbfvwm©wUÕi kÖ×vN©¨ I fvPz©qvj Av‡jvPbv mfv
÷z‡W›U A¨v‡dqv‡m©i cwiPvjK ˆmq` wgRvbyi
ingvb I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GjgbvB I MxwZKvi
dviRvbv ewe PzgKx|
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ingv‡bi 45 Zg kvnv`vZ evwl©Kx I RvZxq
†kvK w`em Dcj‡ÿ¨ kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z
W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi
÷z‡W›U G‡dqv‡m©i cwiPvjK ‰mq` wgRvbyi
ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ avbgwÛi 32 G e½eÜzi
cÖwZK…wZ‡Z cȳ úvN©¨ Ac©Y Ki‡Qb W¨v‡dvwWj
B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi wkÿK I
Kg©KZ©ve„›`|
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ingv‡bi 45Zg kvnv`vr evwl©Kx I RvZxq
†kvK w`em Dcj‡ÿ W¨v‡dvwWj
B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi K¨v¤úvm wUwf‡Z
RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 44
Zg kvnv`vZ evwl©Kx I RvZxq †kvK w`em
Dcj‡ÿ¨ AvR 15 AvM÷ avbgwÛi 32 G
e½eÜzi cÖwZK…wZ‡Z cȳ úvN©¨ Ac©‡Yi ga¨
w`‡q W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wU
Zvi cÖwZ kª×v Rvwb‡q‡Q| mKv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
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wefv‡Mi EaŸ©Zb cwiPvjK †gvt Av‡bvqvi
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ingv‡bi 45Zg kvnv`vr evwl©Kx I RvZxq
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B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi K¨v¤úvm wUwf‡Z
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wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k
biKv‡ii mv‡eK cÖavb Z_¨
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fvicÖvß DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK W. Gm Gg gvneyeyj
nK gRyg`v‡ii mfvcwZ‡Z¡ Abyôv‡b Av‡iv
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evsjv‡`k biKv‡ii mv‡eK cÖavb Z_¨
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W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi
fvicÖvß DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK W. Gm Gg gvneyeyj
nK gRyg`vimn Ab¨vb¨ AwZw_e„›`|
AvM÷ 2020
55

†`kx Lei
GLb Devi ivB‡Wi †c‡g›U Kiv hv‡”Q weKv‡k
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cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb MÖvnK| d‡j, bM`
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fv‡e cwi‡kvwaZ n‡q hv‡e| wcÖqRb‡K Devi
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†h‡Kvb mgq fvov cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
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we‡kl K‡i †KvwfW-19 msµgY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
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wbivc` ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
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A¨vKvD‡›Ui Z_¨ mshy³ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwµqv
m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j MÖvnK GKwU ‡bvwUwd‡Kkb
cv‡eb| GB †c‡g›U c×wZ‡Z GKevi weKvk
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n‡q _v‡K, ZvI GLv‡b Gov‡bv m¤¢e n‡e|
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B‡Kvwm‡÷g ˆZwii c‡_I GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
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AvM÷ 2020
56

†`kx Lei
W¨v‡dvwWj wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔU¨v· g¨v‡bR‡g›UÕ wel‡q mvwU©wd‡KU †Kvm© Pvjy
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kxl©¯’vbxq wek¦we`¨vjq W¨v‡dvwWj
B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm©
†Wfjc‡g›U Bbw÷wUDU (GBPAviwWAvB) I
w` dvD‡Ûkb Ae PvUvW© U¨v‡·kb Ae
evsjv‡`k (GdwmwUwe)| G wel‡q cÖwZôvb
`ywUi g‡a¨ GKwU mg‡SvZv ¯^vÿi AbywôZ
n‡q‡Q| AvR †iveevi (9 AvM÷) W¨v‡dvw-
Wj B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi 71 wgjbvqZ‡b
G mg‡SvZv Pzw³ ¯^vÿi AbywôZ nq|
mg‡SvZv Pzw³‡Z W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj
BDwbfvwm©wUi fvicÖvß DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK W.
Gm Gg gvneye Dj nK gRyg`vi I GdwmwUi
mfvcwZ †gvRvd&di Avn‡g` wbR wbR
cÖwZôv‡bi c‡ÿ ¯^vÿi K‡ib| Gmgq AviI
Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb W¨v‡dvwWj B›Uvib¨vkbvj
BDwbfvwm©wUi e¨emvq I D‡`¨v³ve„wË
Abyl‡`i wWb Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` gvmyg
BKevj, ÷z‡W›U A¨v‡dqv‡m©i cwiPvjK
ˆmq` wgRvbyi ingvb, GBPAviwWAvB‡qi
Dc-cwiPvjK GRvR-Di-ingvb, RvZxq
ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i m`m¨ I GdwmwUweÕi cÖwZôvZv
Dc‡`óv W. Avãyj gvbœvb wkK`vi, RvZxq
ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i hyM¥ Kwgkbvi I GdwmwUweÕi
Dc‡`óv gwn`yj Bmjvg, I GdwmwUweÕi
m`m¨ Rwniæj Bmjvg, GW‡fv‡KU nviæb Ai
iwk` dwi` cÖgyL|
mg‡SvZv Pzw³ Abyhvqx, GBPGmwm I mggv‡-
bi cixÿvq DËxY© wkÿv_©xiv GB †Kv‡m© fwZ©
n‡Z cvi‡eb| †Kv‡m©i †gqv` n‡e wZb gvm|
AvMvgx †m‡Þ¤^‡ii 15 ZvwiL †_‡K K¬vm ïiæ
nIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q| cÖwZôvb `ywU g‡b
Ki‡Q GB †Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k BbKvg
U¨v·, f¨vU, Kv÷gm BZ¨vw` †m±‡ii `ÿ
Rbej ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| gvby‡li g‡a¨
U¨v· m‡PZbZv evo‡e| GQvov ivR¯^ I ïé
wefv‡M wecyj msL¨K Kg©ms¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g
ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i †eKviZ¡ `~i n‡e|
K¨vckbt AvÛvi MÖvRy‡qU ch©v‡qi wkÿv_©x‡`i
Rb¨ ÔAvÛviMÖvRy‡qU mvwU©wd‡KU Bb U¨v·
g¨v‡bR‡g›UÕ †Kvm© Pvjyi j‡ÿ¨ W¨v‡dvwWj
B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm©
†Wfjc‡g›U Bbw÷wUDU (GBPAviwWAvB) I
w` dvD‡Ûkb Ae PvUvW© U¨v‡·kb Ae
evsjv‡`k (GdwmwUwe) Gi g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv
¯§viK ¯^Vÿi Abyôv‡b W¨v‡dvwWj
B›Uvib¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wUi fvicÖvß DcvPvh©
Aa¨vcK W. Gm Gg gvneye Dj nK gRyg`vi
I GdwmwUi mfvcwZ †gvRvd&di Avn‡g`mn
Ab¨vb¨ AwZw_e„›`|
AvM÷ 2020
57

†`kx Lei
e½eÜyi kvnv`vZ evwl©Kx‡Z wewmGm Gi ¯§iY mfv AbywôZ
cvi‡j 15 wgwbU? ZLb Avwg Avi c«Z¨vL¨vb
Ki‡Z cvwiwb| ZL‡bv Avwg eyS‡Z cvwiwb
Avwg Kv‡K cov‡bvi cÖ¯Íve wdwi‡q w`w”Q| 72
‡_‡K Avwg ‡kL iv‡mj‡K cov‡bv ïiæ Kwi|
75 Gi 14 AvMóI Avwg e½eÜyi evwo‡Z ivZ
11Uv ch©šÍ wQjvg| ‡kL iv‡m‡ji MwY‡Zi
c«wZ Abxnv wQj| Z‡e ‡m QvÎ wn‡m‡e
wk‡Ki c«wZ k«×vkxj wQ‡jb| e½eÜy
Avgv‡K Ôgv÷iÕ e‡j WvK‡Zb| e½eÜy‡K ïay
Avwg KvQ ‡_‡KB ‡`wLwb, Zvui m‡½ gayi
SMovi AwfÁZvI wQj Avgvi| wZwb
wkK‡`i m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| KL‡bv wZwb G‡j
Avgv‡K `vuov‡Z w`‡Zb bv| wZwb ej‡Zb,
ZyB ïay iv‡m‡ji wkK bv, Avgv‡iv wkK|
16 AvMó, iweevi, XvKv : ¯^vaxbZvi gnvb
¯’cwZ RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy ‡kL gywReyi ingvb
Gi 45Zg kvnv`vZ evwl©Kx Dcj‡
evsjv‡`k Kw¤úDUvi mwgwZ (wewmGm)
AbjvB‡b GKwU ¯§iY mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i|
¯§iYmfvq Av‡jvPKiv e½eÜyi ‡kL gywReyi
ingvb Ges Zvui cwiev‡ii m‡½ wb‡R‡`i
¯§…wZPviY K‡ib|
16 AvMó (iweevi) we‡Kj 4Uvq GB ¯§iY
mfv AbywôZ nq| wewmGm mfvcwZ ‡gv.
kvwn`-Dj-gybx‡ii mÂvjbvq GB ¯§iY mfv
cwiPvwjZ nq| mfvq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
mv‡eK DcvPvh© Aa¨vcK Av Av g m Av‡iwdb
wmwÏK, ‡kL iv‡m‡ji M…n wkwKv Aa¨vcK
MxZvwj `vk¸ßv, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ‡K›`«xq
QvÎ msm‡`i (WvKmy) c«v³b mvaviY
m¤úv`K(1972-76) gvneye Rvgvb Ges
wewmGm Gi Dc‡`óv ‡gvRv‡¤§j evey
¯§…wZPviY K‡ib|
¯§…wZ‡Z e½eÜyi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Aa¨vcK Av
Av g m Av‡iwdb wmwÏK e‡jb, e½eÜyi
Zyjbv ïay e½eÜy| mvsevw`K‡`i m‡½
e½eÜyi Nwbô m¤úK© wQ‡jb| GKevi wZwb
mvsevw`K‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb|
ZLb KywoM«vg ‡_‡K GKwU ‡dvb Av‡m| mv‡_
mv‡_ wZwb Zvi mnKvix‡K MvRx ‡Mvjvg
‡gv¯—dv‡K ‡dv‡b mshy³ K‡i e‡jb,
KywoM«v‡g Avgvi gvbyl gviv ‡M‡Q| Zywg
Îv‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡iv Ges ‡LvuR Lei bvI| Zvui
‡Pnvivq e¨w_Z fve weivR KiwQj| g‡b
nw”Qj, Zvui cwiev‡ii ‡KD nq‡Zv gviv
wM‡q‡Qb| wZwb Ggwb wQ‡jb| e½eÜyi
D‡`¨v‡M wek¦we`¨vj‡q ¯^vh়Z¡kvmb Pvjy nq|
wkK‡`i c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q ZLb A‡b‡K
AvcwË K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜy e‡jwQ‡jb,
wkKiv Zvu‡`i we‡eK Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|
G ‡_‡KB eySv hvq wkK‡`i wZwb KZUv
k«×v Ki‡Zb|
Xvwei mv‡eK DcvPvh© e‡jb, 52Õi fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb mv‡o wZb ‡_‡K Pvi ‡KvwU
gvbyl‡K ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ ‡`wL‡q‡Qb| 71 G
ÔGev‡ii msM«vg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msM«vgÕ mv‡o
mvZ ‡KvwU gvby‡li gyw³i cqMvg w`‡q‡Qb|
AvR 20 ‡KvwU gvbyl e½eÜy‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Q|
2025 G wM‡q GB msL¨v 25 ‡KvwU Qvwo‡q
hv‡e|
wkïcyÎ ‡kL iv‡m‡ji ¯§…wZPviY K‡i ‡kL
iv‡m‡ji M…n wkwKv Aa¨vcK MxZvwj
`vk¸ßv e‡jb, ‡kL iv‡mj‡K cov‡bvi
c«¯—ve hLb ‡c‡qwQjvg ZLb mg‡qi Afv‡e
‡f‡ewQjvg GB wUDkwbUv Avgvi Kiv‡bv n‡e
bv| wKš‘ e½eÜyi ¯¿x hLb Avgv‡K ej‡jb,
‡kL iv‡m‡ji Rb¨ wK Avav NÈv mgq ‡ei
Kiv hvq bv? bv n‡j 20 wgwbU? G‡Kev‡i bv
M…n wkwKv Av‡iv e‡jb, ‡kL iv‡mj‡K
Avwg Av`i K‡i Ôey‡PvÕ bv‡g WvKZvg| GB
bvgUv ‡m mv`‡i M«nY K‡iwQj| ‡kL iv‡mj
‡`‡LwQj Avwg wgw÷ ‡L‡Z cQ›` Kwi bv|
GKw`b ‡m Avgv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i em‡jv,
Ô‡Kb Avwg wgw÷ LvB bv?Õ AcQ‡›`i K_v
ej‡Z ‡m nv‡Zi ‡cwÝj Qy‡o w`‡q ej‡jv,
AvwgI ‡Zv co‡Z cQ›` Kwi bv| Zvici
‡_‡K `y‡Uv wgw÷ c«wZw`b ‡L‡Z n‡Zv|
e½eÜyi ¯¿x‡K Avwg KvwKgv WvKZvg| wZwb
GZB mv`vgvUv wQ‡jb Avwg KL‡bv Zvui
evmvq ‡Kvb weDwUwkqvb‡K ‡`wLwb| wb‡Ri
KvR wb‡R Kiv‡KI wZwb Am¤§v‡bi g‡b
Ki‡Zb bv| GgbwK cv‡qi m¨v‡Ûj wQ‡o
hvIqv‡Z ‡mB m¨v‡Ûj gywPi KvQ ‡_‡K
mvwo‡q Avevi c‡i‡Qb| hZw`b H evwo‡Z
wM‡qwQ, Avgvi g‡b n‡Zv Avwg Avgvi
evwo‡ZB AvwQ| e½eÜy cwiev‡ii mevB
Am¤ú«v`vwqK Ges eÜymyjf wQ‡jb|
e½eÜyi ¯§…wZPviY K‡i WvKmyi c«v³b mvaviY
m¤úv`K gvneye Rvgvb e‡jb, WvKmyi
‡bZ…‡Z¡ _vKvi Kvi‡Y e½eÜyi mvwbœa¨ cvIqv
Avgvi Rb¨ mnR wQj| wZwb Avgv‡K Ô‡QvU
‡bZvÕ e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡Zb| Kv‡Qi
gvbyl‡`i wZwb wewfbœ bv‡g WvK‡Zb| 1975
mv‡ji 15 AvMó e½eÜyi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q
Avmvi K_v wQj| 14 AvMó Avgiv e½eÜyi
AvM÷ 2020
58

†`kx Lei
m‡½ ‡`Lv Ki‡Z wM‡qwQjvg| wZwb c‡ii
eQi ‡_‡K ‡gavex wkv_©x‡`i ‡Mvì ‡g‡Wj
‡`qvi cwiKíbv Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| 74 Gi
eb¨vq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq iæwUi KviLvbvq
cwiYZ n‡qwQj| Avgiv mvivw`b iæwU
evbvZvg| iv‡Z wegvb evwnbxi m`m¨iv
‡nwjKÞv‡i K‡i `yM©g GjvKvq GB
Lvevi¸‡jv ‡cŠu‡Q w`‡Zv| e½eÜy Ggbfv‡e
Avgv‡`i ‡`Lfvj Ki‡Zb, Avgv‡`i g‡b
n‡Zv wZwb ‡c«wm‡W›U bb, wZwb GKRb
‡¯^”Qv‡meK| ‡`‡ki gvby‡li c«wZ Amxg `i`
wQj Zvui|
WvKmyi c«v³b mvaviY m¤úv`K e‡jb, hLb
Avgiv WvKmyi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQjvg ZLb e½eÜy
Avgv‡`i wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb, cviwe ‡Zv?
Avgiv Avk¦vm w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡`i
Dci fimv ‡i‡LwQ‡jb| A‡Uv cv‡ki `vwe‡Z
hLb QvÎiv wgwUs wgwQj K‡i DcvPvh©‡K
Kvh©vj‡q AvU‡K ‡i‡LwQj ZLb e½eÜy
MYfeb ‡_‡K wb‡RB P‡j G‡mwQ‡jb
wek¦we`¨vj‡q| Ggb ivó«cwZ c…w_exi
BwZnv‡m weij|
wewmGm Dc‡`óv Ges GwWUi wMì Gi
mfvcwZ ‡gvRv‡¤§j evey e‡jb, RvwZi wcZv
e½eÜy ‡kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Ôe½eÜyÕ nIqvi
‡cQ‡b Zvui cwiev‡iiI Ae`vb wQj| e½eÜy
cZœx Ôe½eÜyÕ‡K ‡Rj ‡_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z A_ev
ivó« ebvg ‡kL gywRe gvgjvq wRZ‡Z
AvBbRxwe‡`i wZwb wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb| e½eÜy
ïay ivRbxwZ, ivó«bvqK A_ev gnvb ‡bZvB
wQ‡jb bv wZwb GKRb Abb¨ gvbyl wQ‡jb|
evsjv‡`k‡K mvgwM«Kfv‡e wePvi Kivi gZv
e½eÜyi wQj| Zvui GB ¸‡Y ¸Yvwš^Z n‡q‡Qb
Avgv‡`i c«avbgš¿x ‡kL nvwmbv| e½eÜy
ej‡Zb, c…w_ex‡Z `yB c«Kvi gvbyl Av‡Q|
‡kvlK Avi ‡kvwlZ| Avwg ‡kvwlZ Gi
c‡| AvR‡Ki wWwRUvj evsjv‡`kI we‡k¦i
`iev‡i wb‡R‡`i D¾¡j Ki‡Z c«wZwbqZ
‡Póv K‡i hv‡”Q| e½eÜyi wkv wb‡qB Avgiv
GwM‡q PjwQ| hZw`b ev½vwj RvwZ _vK‡e
ZZw`b e½eÜy Avgv‡`i Kv‡Ri Aby‡c«iYv
wn‡m‡e _vK‡eb| Avgiv e½eÜy‡K ¯^kix‡i
cvw”Q bv wKš‘ Avgv‡`i wPšÍv ‡PZbvq Ges
Aby‡c«iYvq wZwb Av‡Qb Ges _vK‡eb|
¯§iY mfvq wewmGm mnmfvcwZ ‡gv. Rv‡e`yi
ingvb kvnxb, gnvmwPe gynv¤§` gwbiæj
Bmjvg, hyM¥ gnvmwPe ‡gv. gyRvwn` Avj
‡eiæbx myRb, ‡Kvlva¨ ‡gv.Kvgiæ ¾vgvb
f~uBqv Ges cwiPvjK ‡gv. iv‡k` Avjx
f~uTvmn Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨, MYgva¨g Kg©x Ges
`k©bv_©xiv AbjvB‡b hy³ wQ‡jb| ¯§iY mfvwU
wewmGm Gi mvgvwRK ‡hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g
m¤ú«PvwiZ nq|
cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z K‡ivbv †gvKv‡ejvq Dev‡ii †mdwU wdPvi
bvwejv BiwZRv
cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ gvwb‡q Pj‡Z
mxwgZ cwim‡i Awdm-Av`vjZ, †`vKvbcvU
Lyj‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q| gvbylI GB bZyb
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Af¨¯— n‡q Avevi PjvPj ïi“
K‡i‡Q| †h‡nZy A‡bK‡KB Awdm ev cÖ‡qvRbxq
Kvi‡Y evB‡i †ei n‡Z n‡”Q ZvB ¯^v¯’¨
wbivcËvi welqwU mevi Av‡M gv_vq ivLv Riæwi|
m‡e©v”P wbivcËv eRvq ivL‡Z miKvi 31
AvM÷ ch©š— mxwgZ cwim‡i hvbevnb PjvPj
Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| ZvB GB mgq Awd‡m
wKsev Riæwi cÖ‡qvR‡b evB‡i †h‡Z n‡j
ivBW‡kqvwis n‡Z cv‡i me‡P‡q wbivc`
hvbevnb weKí|
`xN© jKWvDb †k‡l ivBW‡kqvwis †mev`vZv
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv cybivq Zv‡`i †mev Pvjy
K‡i‡Q| K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi msµgY †iv‡a
Devi myweavRbK, mvkÖqx I wbivc` hvÎv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z Zvi PvjK I hvÎx‡`i Rb¨
†KvwfW-19 msµvš— wewfbœ †mdwU wdPvi
Pvjy K‡i‡Q| GB wdPvi¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K
Devi e¨enviKvix‡K cÖwZwU wUª‡c myiwZ
I wbivc` _vK‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
GLb †_‡K cÖ‡Z¨K Devi e¨enviKvix
Zv‡`i A¨v‡c wKQy bZyb ms‡hvRb †`L‡Z
cv‡eb| †hgb:
• †Mv AbjvBb †PKwj÷: hvÎv ïiæ Kivi
Av‡M GKwU bZyb †Mv AbjvBb
†PKwj‡÷i gva¨‡g PvjK‡`i Kv‡Q
Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡e †h Zviv myiv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z hv_vh_ c`‡c wb‡q‡Qb wK bv
Ges gv¯‹ c‡i‡Qb wK-bv| hvÎx‡`i Rb¨I
GKB iKg GKwU †PKwj÷ ˆZwi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU hvÎv ïi“i Av‡M Zv‡`i
Aek¨B wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h Zviv gv¯‹
e¨envi Ki‡Qb wK bv Ges Zviv nvZ
ay‡q‡Qb wKsev m¨vwbUvBRvi e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb wK bv|
• gv¯‹ †fwiwd‡Kkb: †Kv‡bv wUªc MªnY
Kivi Av‡M PvjK‡`i‡K gv¯‹ c‡i GKwU
†mjwd Zyj‡Z ejv n‡e| Dev‡ii bZyb
cÖhyw³ hvPvB Ki‡e PvjK gv¯‹ c‡i‡Qb wK
bv|
• mevi Rb¨ Revew`wnZv: †Kv‡bv hvÎx ev
PvjK gv¯‹ c‡i‡Qb wK bv ev gyL †X‡K
†i‡L‡Qb wK bv †m m¤ú‡K© cÖwZwµqv Rvbv‡Z
bZyb Ackb hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
• hvÎv evwZj Kivi bxwZgvjv nvjbvMv`:
PvjK ev hvÎx †h †KDB Awbivc` †eva Ki‡j
ZvrwYK Zviv hvÎv evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
gv¯‹ bv civ ev gyL bv XvKv _vK‡jI Zviv
hvÎv evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• mxwgZ Avmb e¨e¯’v: Devi wUª‡c _vKvKvjxb
PvjK I hvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ wbivc` `~iZ¡
eRvq ivL‡Z hvÎx‡`i wcQ‡bi wm‡U emv
eva¨Zvg~jK| cÖwZwU wUª‡c PvjK e¨ZxZ
Mvwo‡Z ïaygvÎ `yRb hvÎx em‡Z cvi‡eb|
GQvovI hvÎx I PvjK‡`i m‡e©v”P wbivcËv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z Dev‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU Mvwo‡K
RxevYygy³ Kiv n‡”Q Ges PvjK‡`I cÖ‡qvRbxq
myiv mvgMÖx †hgb: gv¯‹, mvevb, wUmÿ I
m¨vwbUvBRvi weZiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB GB
cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wbivc` _vK‡Z ågY
Kiæb Dev‡i Avi GwM‡q Pjyb bZyb D`¨‡g|
AvM÷ 2020
59

†`kx Lei
‡¯úv‡Kb Bswj‡ki Ici c«_gev‡ii g‡Zv BeyK Avbj iwe-‡Ub wgwbU ¯‹yj
XvKv, AvM÷ 6, 2020: c«_gev‡ii g‡Zv
mKj eqmx wkv_©x‡`i Rb¨ ‡¯úv‡Kb Bswj‡-
ki Ici B-eyK 'N‡i e‡m Spoken
English' Avbj iwe-‡Ub wgwbU ¯‹yj|
AbjvBb c«Kv‡ki gvÎ `yB gv‡mi g‡a¨
BeyKwU 70 nvRv‡ii ‡ewk Kwc wewµ n‡q
AbjvBb ‡e÷‡mjv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ ‡c‡q‡Q GwU|
mgv‡R mevi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi K_v
we‡ePbv K‡i BeyKwUi g~j¨ gvÎ 75 UvKv
wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gRvi welq n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki
evB‡iI ‡ek mvov ‡d‡j‡Q B-eyKwU|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ KvZvi, gvj‡qwkqv, fviZ,
wm½vcyi I Av‡gwiKv‡Z emevmiZ wecyj
msL¨K evsjv‡`kx B-eyKwU wK‡b‡Qb| G‡Z
G e¨vcviwU cwi®‹vi ‡h GB eBwU ïay
evsjv‡`kx wkv_©x‡`i Rb¨ bq; ‰ewk¦K
‡c«vc‡UI Dchy³|
gyb‡Rwib knx` iwPZ Ges iwe-‡Ub wgwbU
¯‹yj c«KvwkZ 'N‡i e‡m Spoken English'
AbjvBb eBwU‡Z ‡¯úv‡Kb Bswjk c«‡qv‡Mi
me¸‡jv ‡‡Îi Rb¨ 72wU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q|
GKRb e¨w³ Bs‡iwR‡Z K_v ejvi mgq ‡h
‡h NUbvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡ib Ggb c«vq me
NUbvi mgš^‡q ÔBwR-wgwWqvg-nvW©-A¨vWfvÝWÕ
¯—i Abymv‡i BeyKwU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Bs‡iwR‡Z wb‡R‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q ‡`qv Ges
Bs‡iwR‡Z AvenvIqv m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi
g‡Zv mnR welq¸wji cvkvcvwk
‡c«‡R‡›Ukb, wfmvi mvvrKvi, we‡`kx‡`i
mv‡_ K_v ejv Ges Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyôvb
cwiPvjbvi g‡Zv KwVb welq¸wj B-eyKwU‡Z
Aš—f©y³ i‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR evMaviv, mvaviY
‡¯úv‡Kb Bswj‡ki fyj, D”Pvi‡Yi fyj Ges
GB RvZxq A‡bK¸wj RwUj welq wb‡q
B-eyKwU‡Z 10wU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q|
eBwU AvBBGjwUGm cixvi ‡¯úv‡Kb
wefvM, PvKwii mvvrKvi, Dc¯’vcbv,
fvBfv Ges ‰`bw›`b Bs‡iRx fvlvq K_v
ejvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e c«‡hvR¨| GQvov
we‡`‡k PvKwi ev we‡`wk wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z
fwZ©i Rb¨ AvM«nx e¨w³‡`i Rb¨ eBwU LyeB
mnvqK n‡e|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq ‡_‡K A¨vcv‡qW
j¨vO&¸‡qw÷K A¨vÛ Bswjk j¨vO&¸‡qR wUwPs
wel‡q c«_g wefv‡M gv÷vm© wWwM« AR©b
K‡i‡Qb B-eyKwUi ‡jLK gyb‡Rwib knx`|
wZwb GB A‡±vei ‡_‡K A·‡dv©W©
wek¦we`¨vj‡q A¨vcv‡qW j¨vO&¸‡qw÷K A¨vÛ
‡m‡KÛ j¨vO&¸‡qR GK¨yBwRkb wel‡q Zvi
wØZxq gv÷vm© wWwM«i cov‡kvbv ïiæ Ki‡Z
hv‡”Qb| gyb‡Rwib A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡q
cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ gh©v`vc~Y© we«wUk ‡P‡fwbs
e…wË ‡c‡q‡Qb|
'N‡i e‡m Spoken English' eBwU
10ms.app/download1GB wj¼ ‡_‡K
WvDb‡jvW Kiv hv‡e|
AvM÷ 2020
60

†`kx Lei
kw³kvjx ‡dviwR ‡bUIqvK© I DbœZ wWwRUvj ‡mev wb‡q e¨emvwqK mvdj¨
Ae¨vnZ ‡i‡L‡Q evsjvwjsK
‡WUv e¨enviKvixi msL¨v I ‡WUv Avq
MZ eQ‡ii 2q c«vwš—‡Ki Zyjbvq e…w×
‡c‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g 3.3 kZvsk I 30.3
kZvsk
XvKv, 10 AvM÷ 2020: evsjv‡`‡ki
Ab¨Zg wWwRUvj ‡mev`vZv c«wZôvb evsjvwjsK
K‡ivbv gnvgvixi Kvi‡Y m…ó bvbvgyLx
P¨v‡jÄ m‡Ë&eI BwZevPK e¨emvwqK djvdj
Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg n‡q‡Q| wWwRUvj ‡mev
c«`v‡b evsjvwjsK-Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AM«MwZ
GB ‡‡Î we‡kl f~wgKv ‡i‡L‡Q| AvR
Av‡qvwRZ GK fvP©yqvj ‡c«m Kbdv‡i‡Ý
PjwZ eQ‡ii wØZxq c«vwš—‡K evsjvwjsK-Gi
e¨emvwqK djvd‡ji Dci e³e¨ iv‡Lb
c«wZôvbwUi c«avb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v GwiK Am|
wZwb K‡ivbv gnvgvixi mg‡q evsjvwjsK-Gi
f~wgKv, we‡kl D‡`¨vM, M«vnK‡mev I mswkøó
Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Zvi gZvgZ mvsevw`K‡`i
Kv‡Q e¨³ K‡ib| fvP©yqvj ‡c«m Kbdv‡iÝwU‡Z
AviI hy³ wQ‡jb evsjvwjsK-Gi
wPd K‡c©v‡iU A¨vÛ ‡i¸‡jUwi A¨v‡dqvm©
Awdmvi ZvBgyi ingvb, wPd wdb¨vwÝqvj
Awdmvi ‡Rg ‡fwjcvmvIMy, ‡mjm A¨vÛ
wWw÷«weDkb Awdmvi Ryev‡q` Dj Bmjvg I
c«wZôvbwUi cwiPvjbv cl©‡`i Ab¨vb¨
m`m¨iv|
GB eQ‡ii wØZxq c«vwš—‡K ‡WUv ‡_‡K
evsjvwjsK-Gi Avq MZ eQ‡ii GKB
c«vwš—‡Ki Zyjbvq 30.3 kZvsk e…w×
‡c‡q‡Q| ‡dviwR ‡bUIqv‡K© evsjvwjsK-Gi
Pjgvb wewb‡qvM GB e…w×i ‡‡Î we‡kl fv‡e
mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| DbœZ I ‡`ke¨vcx m¤ú«mvwiZ
GB ‡bUIqv‡K©i Kvi‡Y evsjvwjsK-Gi
‡WUv e¨enviKvixi msL¨v I ‡WUv e¨enviI
MZ eQ‡ii GKB c«vwš—K mv‡c‡ h_vµ‡g
3.3 kZvsk I 79.2 kZvsk e…w× ‡c‡q‡Q|
PjwZ eQ‡ii c«_gv‡a© ‡`‡ki dvm‡U÷
‡gvevBj ‡bUIqvK© wn‡m‡e IKjv-Gi ¯^xK…wZ
AR©‡bi ‡‡ÎI Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Q evsjvwjsK-Gi
‡dviwR ‡bUIqv‡K©i mgZv|
wWwRUvj ‡mevi e¨envi e…w×i j‡¨ evsjvwjsK
wewfbœ wWwRUvj P¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g Uc
Avc, A¨vKvD›U g¨v‡bR‡g›U I Ab¨vb¨
‡mevi wel‡q M«vnK‡`i AeMZ Kivi c«‡Póv
Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q| Gi dj¯^iƒc, GB eQ‡ii
wØZxq c«vwš—‡K evsjvwjsK-Gi ‡mjd-‡Kqvi
A¨vc I wfwWI w÷«wgs A¨vc "Uwd"-Gi
e¨enviKvixi msL¨v c«_g c«vwš—‡Ki Zyjbvq
e…w× ‡c‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g 58 kZvsk I 62
kZvsk|
‡UwjKg Lv‡Zi Dci K‡ivbv gnvgvixi
mvgwM«K c«fv‡ei d‡j evsjvwjsK-Gi ‡gvU
Avq I M«vnK msL¨v wØZxq c«vwš—‡K n«vm
‡c‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB mg‡q ‡WUv e¨enviKvixi
msL¨v I ‡WUv ‡_‡K Avq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i
e…w× Ki‡Z mg n‡q‡Q evsjvwjsK|
GwiK Am e‡jb,"gnvgvwi, mvB‡K¬vb I
eb¨vi Kvi‡Y m…ó wewfbœ P¨v‡jÄ ‡gvKv‡ejv
K‡i M«vnK‡mev Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z Avgv‡`i‡K
AviI ‡ewk m‡Pó n‡Z n‡q‡Q| c«v_wgK
ch©v‡qB Kg©x‡`i wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv I
M«vnK‡mev wbiew”Qbœ ivLvi j‡¨ Avgiv
Ô‡nvg AwdmÕ g‡Wj Kvh©Ki K‡iwQ| GLb
‡mB Avš—wiK c«‡Póvi BwZevPK djvdj
‡`L‡Z ‡c‡i Avgiv mwZ¨B Abyc«vwYZ ‡eva
KiwQ| we‡klZ, Avgv‡`i wWwRUvj ‡mevi
djvdj AZ¨š— Avkve¨ÄK| Avgv‡`i GB
c«‡Póvi d‡j eQ‡ii c«_g I wØZxq c«vwš—‡K
‡`‡ki dvm‡U÷ ‡gvevBj ‡bUIqvK© wn‡m‡e
evsjvwjsK IKjv-Gi ¯^xK…wZI jvf K‡i‡Q|
we¯—…Z ‡dvi-wR ‡bUIqvK© Ges M«vnK c«wZ
‡ewk cwigvY ‡¯úKU«vgmn Avgv‡`i Ab¨vb¨
c«hyw³MZ Dbœq‡bi djvdj n‡jv GB
cyi¯‹vi| we‡kl GB AR©bwU‡K Avgiv
m¤§vwbZ M«vnK‡`i‡K DrmM© Ki‡Z PvB|
Zv‡`i wbiš—i mg_©b Avgv‡`i‡K wWwRUvj
‡mev`vZv c«wZôvb wn‡m‡e mvg‡b GwM‡q
‡h‡Z Drmvn w`‡q Avm‡Q|"
mvsevw`K‡`i mv‡_ gZwewbgqKv‡j wZwb
gnvgvwii mgq evsjvwjsK-Gi ‡bIqv
D‡`¨vM¸wj Zy‡j a‡ib| GB D‡`¨vM¸wji
g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv wd« K‡ivbv nUjvBb
bv¤^vi Pvjy Kiv, "wUP BU" c¨vUd‡g©i gva¨‡g
B-jvwb©s‡qi e¨e¯’v, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkv_©x-
‡`i Rb¨ fvP©yqvj B›Uvb©wkc I ‡mwgbv‡ii
Av‡qvRb Ges evsjv‡`k ‡mbv Kj¨vY ms¯’v
I evsjv‡`k ‡mbvevwnbxi mnvqZvq K‡ivbvq
wZM«¯—‡`i gv‡S ÎvY weZiY|
evsjv‡`k ‡Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM wbqš¿Y Kwgkb
(wewUAviwm)-‡K GwiK Am wmMwbwdK¨v›U
gv‡K©U cvIqvi MvBWjvBb (GmGgwc)
ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| GB
D‡`¨vM‡K wZwb ‡UwjKg Lv‡Z myôy c«wZ‡hvw-
MZv m…wói ‡‡Î GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c`‡c
e‡j g‡b K‡ib | fwel¨‡Z bZyb I DbœZgv‡-
bi wWwRUvj ‡mev I c¨vUd‡g©i gva¨‡g
M«vnK‡`i wWwRUvj AwfÁZv‡K AviI ‡ewk
Dc‡fvM¨ Kivi c«Z¨qI e¨³ K‡ib wZwb|
AvM÷ 2020
61

†`kx Lei
Mi‡g †e‡o‡Q IqvjU‡bi ¯§vU© BbfvU©vi Gwmi wewµ
Gwm G·‡PÄ, wd« Gwm ev 50 kZvsk ch©šÍ wbwðZ bM` Qv‡oi myweav
wbR¯^ cÖwZ‡e`K
fv‡`ªi ZvjcvKv Mi‡g nuvmduvm Ae¯’v|
ZvQvov K‡ivbvfvBiv‡mi msµgY †_‡K iÿv
†c‡Z N‡iB KvU‡Q mgq| G Ae¯’vq ¯^w¯Í¡i
kxZj cik w`‡Z Rywo †bB GqviKwÛkbvi ev
Gwmi| mviv †`‡k †e‡o‡Q †`‡ki
B‡jKUªwb· Rvqv›U IqvjU‡bi Gqvi
KwÛkbvi ev Gwmi Pvwn`v I wewµ| mvkÖqx
g~‡j¨ me©vaywbK cÖhyw³ I wdPvi mg„× AmsL¨
g‡W‡ji Gwmi cvkvcvwk evowZ †µZv myweav
_vKvq GB Mi‡g MÖvnK Pvwn`vi kx‡l©
IqvjUb Gwm|
Rvbv †M‡Q, Gev‡ii Mi‡g †ekx wewµ n‡”Q
IqvjU‡bi ¯§vU© BbfvU©vi Gwm| GwU 60
kZvsk ch©šÍ we`ÿ r mvkÖqx| ïay ZvB bq;
Gwm‡Z ˆ`wbK wKsev gvwmK we`ÿ r we‡ji
cwigvYI Rvbv hv‡”Q| GQvov f‡qm Kgv‡Ûi
cvkvcvwk gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y ev
cwiPvjbv Kiv hv‡”Q IqvjUb ¯§vU© Gwm|
G‡Z e¨eüZ Wz‡qj wW‡dÛvi cÖhyw³ iæg‡K
ivL‡Q a~jvevwj, e¨vK‡Uwiqv I fvBivmgy³|
me©vaywbK Gme cÖhyw³ I wdPv‡ii Kvi‡Y
Gev‡ii Mi‡g Gwm †µZv‡`i Kv‡Q ÔnU‡KKÕ
n‡q D‡V‡Q IqvjU‡bi ¯§vU© Gwm|
MÖvn‡Ki nv‡Z DbœZ gv‡bi me©vaywbK cÖhyw³i
Gwm Zz‡j †`qvi cvkvcvwk evowZ †µZv
myweavI w`‡”Q IqvjUb| †`‡ki †h‡Kv‡bv
IqvjUb cøvRv, cwi‡ekK †kviæg wK¤^v
B-cøvRv †_‡K GKwU Gwm wK‡b Av‡iKwU
bZzb Gwm m¤ú~Y© wd« cvIqvi my‡hvM cv‡”Qb
†µZviv| GQvov mevi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q 50
kZvsk ch©šÍ wbwðZ K¨vke¨vK| Av‡Q wd«
BÝU‡jkb myweav| wWwRUvj K¨v‡¤úBb
wmRb-7 Gi AvIZvq Gme my‡hvM w`‡”Q
IqvjUb|
Gw`‡K AbjvBb †µZv‡`i Rb¨ ÔGwm wgW
wmRb †µwR wWjÕ kxl©K myweav w`‡”Q
IqvjUb B-cøvRv| Gi AvIZvq B-cøvRvq
BbfvU©vimn †gvU 40wU wbw`©ó g‡W‡ji
Gwm‡Z 50 kZvsk ch©šÍ g~j¨ Qvo cv‡”Qb
†µZviv| GQvov Av‡qvbvBRvi cÖhyw³i
IqvjU‡bi †`o Ub Gwm gvÎ 32 nvRvi 435
UvKvq Ges 1 Ub Gwm gvÎ 27 nvRvi 675
UvKvq †Kbv hv‡”Q|
wd« Gwm, bM` Qv‡oi cvkvcvwk †µZv‡`i
ÔGwm G·‡PÄÕ myweav w`‡”Q IqvjUb| Gi
AvIZvq MÖvn‡Kiv †h‡Kv‡bv eª¨v‡Ûi cyi‡bv
Gwm Rgv w`‡q IqvjU‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv g‡W‡ji
bZzb Gwm 25 kZvsk Qv‡o wKb‡Z cvi‡Qb|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`ke¨vcx AmsL¨ MÖvnK Zv‡`i
cyi‡bv Gwm e`‡j wK‡b‡Qb IqvjU‡bi bZzb
Gwm|
IqvjUb Gwmi Pxd Acv‡iwUs Awdmvi
gvndzRyi ingvb e‡jb, Mi‡g Gwm wewµ †ek
fv‡jv|
g~jZ evRv‡i mvkÖqx `v‡g me©vaywbK cÖhyw³ I
wdPv‡ii AmsL¨ g‡W‡ji Gwm Qvovi
cvkvcvwk †µZv‡`i evowZ myweav †`qvq
K‡ivbv `y‡h©v‡Mi g‡a¨I IqvjU‡bi Gwm wewµ
†e‡o‡Q| we‡kl K‡i MZeQ‡ii †P‡q
Gev‡ii Mi‡g IqvjU‡bi BbfvU©vi ¯§vU© Gwm
†ewk wewµ n‡”Q|
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, K‡ivbv Bmÿ ‡Z gvby‡li
gv‡S Gwm wb‡q AgyjK m‡›`n I fxwZ wQ‡jv|
wKš‘ GLb mevB eyS‡Z cvi‡Qb Gwmi gva¨‡g
†Kv‡bvfv‡eB K‡ivbv Qov‡bvi bwRi †bB| †h
Kvi‡Y GLb Gwmi Pvwn`v Av‡Mi †P‡q A‡bK
†e‡o‡Q|
IqvjUb Gwm AviGbwW (M‡elYv I Dbœqb)
wefv‡Mi cÖavb cÖ‡KŠkjx m›Øxc wek¦vm
Rvbvb, evsjv‡`‡k IqvjUbB cÖ_gev‡ii
g‡Zv AvBIwU †eBRW ¯§vU© Gwm wb‡q
G‡m‡Q| Gwm‡Z cÖwZw`b ev gvwmK we`ÿ r wej
KZ Avm‡Q? †fv‡ëR †jv bv nvB? K‡¤úªmi
wK Ifvi‡jv‡W Pj‡Q? IqvjU‡bi BbfvU©vi
¯§vU© Gwm‡Z Gm‡ei DËi wgj‡e mn‡RB|
wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj QvovB MÖvnK f‡qm Kgv‡Ûi
gva¨‡g IqvjUb ¯§vU© Gwmi kxZvZc wbqš¿Y
e¨e¯’v evov‡bv, Kgv‡bv, Pvjy ev eÜ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| †gvevBj †dv‡bi B›Uvi‡b‡Ui
gva¨‡gI we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ †_‡K IqvjUb
¯§vU© Gwm wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|
wZwb Av‡iv Rvbvb, IqvjUb BbfvU©vi ¯§vU©
Gwm‡Z we`ÿ r mvkÖq nq 60 kZvsk ch©šÍ|
GB Gwm‡Z N›Uvq we`ÿ r LiP nq gvÎ 3 UvKv
74 cqmv| GQvov Gwmi K‡¤cÖm‡i e¨eüZ
n‡”Q wek¦¯^xK…Z m¤ú~Y© cwi‡ekevÜe
GBPGdwm M¨vmgy³ Avi410G I Avi-32
†iwd«Rv‡i›U| i‡q‡Q Uv‡e©vgyW I
Av‡qvbvBRvi cÖhyw³, hv `ªæZ VvÛv Kivi
cvkvcvwk iæ‡gi evZvm‡K ayjv-gqjv I
e¨vK‡Uwiqv †_‡K gy³ K‡i| Bfv‡cv‡iUi
Ges K‡ÛÝv‡i gwiPv‡ivaK †Mv‡ìb wdb
Kvjvi cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kivq IqvjUb Gwm
A‡bK †UKmB I `xN©¯’vqx|
IqvjUb Gwm †mjm gwbUwis wefv‡Mi cÖavb
Rvwn`yj Bmjvg, IqvjU‡bi cÖwZwU Gwm
AvšÍR©vwZKgv‡bi †Uw÷s j¨ve
bvm`vZ-BDwUGm †_‡K gvb wbqš¿Y mb`
cvIqvi c‡i evRviRvZKiv nq| Avi ZvB
Gwm‡Z GK eQ‡ii wi‡cøm‡g‡›Ui cvkvcvwk
K‡¤úªm‡i 10 eQi ch©šÍ M¨vivw›U myweav w`‡”Q
IqvjUb|
1, 1.5 Ges 2 U‡bi w¯úøU Gwmi cvkvcvwk
¯‹zj-K‡jR, gmwR`, gv`ªvmv, nvmcvZvj,
†nv‡U‡ji g‡Zv gvSvwi ¯’vcbvi Rb¨ 4 I 5
U‡bi K¨v‡mU I wmwjs UvBc Gwm e¨vcKfv‡e
evRviRvZ Ki‡Q IqvjUb| Avi eo ¯’vcbvi
Rb¨ IqvjU‡bi i‡q‡Q †fwiq¨vej
†iwd«Rv‡i›U †d¬v ev wfAviGd (VRF) Ges
wPjvi (Chiller) Gwm|
`ªæZ I m‡e©vËg weµ‡qvËi †mev w`‡Z
AvBGmI mb`cÖvß mvwf©m g¨v‡bR‡g›U
wm‡÷‡gi AvIZvq mviv †`‡k i‡q‡Q 74wU
mvwf©m †m›Uvi| †hLv‡b KvR Ki‡Qb AvovB
nvRv‡iiI †ewk mvwf©m G·cvU©m| IqvjU‡-
bi `ÿ I AwfÁ cÖ‡KŠkjx Ges †UKwbwkqvbMY
cÖwZ 100 w`b ci ci Gwmi
†µZv‡`i wd« mvwf©wms w`‡”Qb|
AvM÷ 2020 62

`¨ Bwfj DBw`b 2
nii Nivbvi †Mg hv‡`i cQ›`, Bwfj DBw`b
bvgwU Zv‡`i wbðqB †Pbv| †MgwU gyw³
cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B nii‡cÖgx‡`i AvKl©Y
jy‡d †bq| ZviB wmKz‡q¨j wn‡m‡e gyw³
†c‡q‡Q `¨ Bwfj DBw`b Uz| Gi cÖKvkK
†e‡_mWv, wbg©vZv U¨v‡½v †MgIqvK©m|
Bwfj DBw`b Uz GKwU _vW© cvimb mvifvBfvj
nii Nivbvi †Mg| Av‡Mi †MgwUi †P‡q
GwU‡K Av‡iv eo cwim‡i mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q
Ges †cøqvi gyf‡g›U‡K Av‡iv ¯§y_ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †Mgvi Av‡Mi Zzjbvq Av‡iv ¯^vaxbfv‡e
G·‡cøvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †M‡g
A‡bK¸‡jv nveIqvì© Av‡Q,wKQzUv m¨vÛe·
Nivbvi Abyf~wZ cvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e ÔKwi‡Wvi
GwiqvÕq †Mgvi cÖK…Z mvifvBfvj ni‡ii ¯^v`
cv‡eb| Z‡e Av‡Mi †MgwU‡K Kfvi
Gwj‡g›U wQj bv, Gevi Kfvi Gwj‡g›U hy³
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK †Mgvi Kfvi †_‡K DuwK
w`‡q kÎæi MwZwewai Dci bRi ivL‡Z
cvi‡eb| A¯¿ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
wc¯Íj,ivB‡dj,¯œvBcvi, µm‡ev, kUMvb,
†d¬g‡_ªvqvi| GQvovI wKQz †¯úkvj A¯¿ Av‡Q,
†hgb-‡jRvi wc¯Íj ev mvB‡jÝW wc¯Íj| Z‡e
†MgwU †h‡nZz ÔmvifvBfvjÕ †Mg, A‡¯¿i Rb¨
A¨v‡gv Luy‡R cvIqv LyeB Kómva¨| GR‡b¨
kÎæ‡K gvivi Rb¨ Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj A¨vUvK
wKsev †÷j_ A¨vUvK Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g
†MgwUi g‡Zv GeviI em dvBU¸‡jv we‡kl
cÖksmv †c‡q‡Q| †Mgvi‡`i ey‡K Kvucb awi‡q
†`qv ÔevR m ÷KviÕ ,Ôj÷ IÕwbjÕ wKsev
Ôdv`vi w_I‡WviÕ Gi g‡Zv em¸‡jv h‡ZvUv
BDwbK, Z‡ZvUvB fxwZKi| †ewkifvM nii
†Mg¸‡jv‡Z em dvBU¸‡jv mvaviYZ nq
gv_vgyÛznxb| Bwfj DBw`b †Lj‡j †Mgv‡ii
g‡b n‡e Ôem dvBU GgbB nIqv DwPZ|Õ
ZvQvov cÖ‡Z¨KwU emB Kvwnbxi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv
bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e hy³| kÎæ‡K †g‡i †Mgvi‡K
MÖxb †Rj msMÖn Ki‡Z nq| MÖxb †Rj w`‡q
K¨v‡i±vi Avc‡MÖW Kiv hv‡e| mvaviY kÎæ
†g‡i K‡qKk †Rj cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, †hLv‡b
em dvBU †_‡K cvuP nvRvi ch©šZ †Rj cvIqv
†h‡Z cv‡i| Iqvcb cvU© w`‡q A‡¯¿i dvqvi
†iU, wi‡jvW w¯úW BZ¨vw` Avc‡MÖW Kiv
hv‡e|
†MgwU †Lj‡Z hv hv cÖ‡qvRb:
Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g: DB‡ÛvR 7,8.1 wKsev 10
( ïaygvÎ 64 weU)
cÖ‡mmi: B‡›Uj †Kvi AvB-5 2400/ GGgwW
GdG·-8320
MÖvwd· KvW©: GbwfwWqv wRwUG· 660 2
wMMvevBU A_ev GGgwW 7970 3 wMMvevBU
i¨vg: 8 wMMvevBU
nvW©wW¯‹: 40 wMMvevBU
cieZ©x Ask 64 c„óvq
AvM÷ 2020
63

Bwfj DBw`b wmwi‡R †fŠwZK Aven Avi
†Mg‡cøi cvkvcvwk KvwnbxI mgvb ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q
G‡m‡Q| cÖ_g †M‡gi Kvwnbx †hLvb †_‡K
†kl nq, wØZxq †Mg ïiæ nq Zvi wZb eQi
ci †_‡K| cÖUvMwb÷ wn‡m‡e AveviI
†mevw÷qvb‡K wb‡q †Lj‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g †M‡g
†`Lv hvq †mevw÷qvb Zvi ¯¿x‡K nvivq Avi
Zvi †g‡q Av¸‡b cy‡o gviv hvq| wØZxq
†M‡gi ïiæ‡Z Rywj wKWg¨vb †mevw÷qvb‡K
Rvbvq Zvi †g‡q GL‡bv †eu‡P Av‡Q| GR‡b¨
Zv‡K Avevi Ô‡gvweqvmÕ-Gi mv‡_ nvZ
†gjv‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g †MgwU hviv †L‡j‡Q,
†gvweqvm bvgwU Zv‡`i †Pbv| †gvweqvm
Ki‡cv‡ik‡bi ‰Zwi fvPz©qvj RMZ Ô†÷gÕ G
Av‡iKevi cv evov‡Z eva¨ nq †mevw÷qvb|
†mLv‡b †cŠu‰Q †m †`L‡Z cvq RM‡Zi mevB
fxwZKi i³wccvmy `vb‡e cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|
`y:¯^‡cœi GB kni †_‡K †g‡q wjwj‡K evuPv‡bvi
†Póv wb‡qB GwM‡q P‡j‡Q Bwfj DBw`b
Uz-Gi Kvwnbx| †MgwUi Aven †hgb Mv wkD‡i
IVvi g‡Zv, KvwnbxI †Zgwb Uvb Uvb D‡ËRbvi|
we‡kl K‡i Gi A¨v›UvMwb÷ †÷dv‡bv
†Zv AmvaviY GK PwiÎ| †m †ckvq d‡UvMÖvdvi|
K`vKvi A_ev nvm¨Ki Ôf~ZÕ QvovI †h
nii †M‡gi PwiÎ n‡Z cv‡i, †÷dv‡bv Zvi
D`vniY| †M‡gi cy‡iv RMZUv‡ZB d‡UvMÖvwdi
bvbv DcKiY Qov‡bv| gv‡Sg‡a¨ †Mgvi
†`L‡Z cv‡e wekvj AvKv‡ii †Pv‡Li g‡Zv
†jÝ AvKvk †_‡K DuwK gvi‡Q| GiKg
BDwbK Kb‡m‡Þi cÖksmv Ki‡ZB nq|
MÖvwd·,‡Mg‡cø,Kb‡mÞ,Kvwnbx me wKQz
Bwfj DBw`b‡K cwiYZ K‡i‡Q AmvaviY
GKwU †M‡g| `xN©Kvj †_‡K Pjv †iwm‡W›U
Bwf‡ji †P‡qI G‡K fv‡jv e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Q
A‡b‡K| weL¨vZ mvB‡j›U wnj wmwi‡Ri mv‡_
Bwfj DBw`b‡K Zzjbv Kiv n‡”Q| nii †Mg
hviv cQ›` K‡ib, Zv‡`i †Zv e‡UB GgbwK
hviv nii †Mg cQ›` K‡i bv, Zv‡`iI cQ›`
n‡e Bwfj DBw`b Uz| †Mgv‡ii †gv‡UI g‡b
AvM÷ 2020
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